scholarly journals Problems of Equalization the Level of Budget Security of Municipalities and Ways to Solve Them

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Sergey Leonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the study is the processes of forming the budget security of municipalities. The purpose of the study was to identify problems that reduce the effectiveness of leveling the level of budget provision of municipalities. It is shown that it is impossible to equalize the budget provision of municipalities by establishing standards for the formation of expenditures of local budgets or improving interbudgetary relations within the framework of «model» budgets. Using the example of the Khabarovsk Territory, the preference for an evolutionary approach to improving the methodology for equalizing the degree of budget security in modern conditions is shown, with an emphasis on taking into account differences in housing and communal services costs and transport accessibility of municipalities

scholarly journals Axiological Aspects of State Control and Supervision

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Saniat Agamagomedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
State Control ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Subject

The subject of research is state control and supervision from the point of view of axiological approaches. The first level of the latter makes it possible to determine value of state control and supervision as administrative forms; the second level forms variants of theoretical and legal substantiation of the correlation between the control and supervisory activities of the state and the totality of values protected by law. The aim of the article is to propose methodological techniques for determining the value of state control and supervision, which is understood as the importance of these institutions in the public administration system as a whole in the context of the possibility of using other administrative forms to achieve regulatory goals. The value of the control and supervisory activities of the state is substantiated from the point of view of the possibility of replacing state control and supervision with other regulatory mechanisms within the framework of deregulation processes (horizontal approach), as well as taking into account previous development of these administrative forms (evolutionary approach). Value of state control and supervision is seen as the ability to ensure the protection of legally protected values with minimal interference of public authorities in controlled activities. Value of the considered management forms is substantiated using the category of deregulation, which is understood as: process of development of a certain sphere of social relations; process of delegating state powers; trends to expanding the freedom of subjects, transition to “soft” regulation; process of reducing and simplifying administrative procedures (procedural deregulation). Determination of the value of state control and supervision is associated with the justification of the possibility of replacing these management forms with others in relation to a certain area of regulation, which determines a specific ratio of various management forms and mechanisms. From the point of view of evolutionary approach, value of state control and supervision is determined by the previous development of these administrative forms in the system of state power. Within the framework of the theoretical and legal substantiation of the category “values protected by law” in the system of state control and supervision, a variety of positions are highlighted. As a conclusion, a modern formula is proposed: state control and supervision — socially significant results — mandatory requirements — values protected by law.

scholarly journals MODERN CONSTRUCTION AND RECONDITIONING OF THE HIGHWAYS IN LVIV DISTRICT AS THE MAIN FACTOR OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Tetiana Perih ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Main Task ◽  
State Program ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Promising Development ◽  
Main Factor

In the process of overcoming the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine and in the whole world, we should expect streaming tourists flow retrieval and for some time more prioritised will be domestic tourism. It will greatly contribute acceleration of tourism restorationand improvement of tourist’s condition and concomitant infrastructure, including highways. This article develops researches about influence of transport infrastructure on tourism development in Ukraine. The subject of a research is Lviv district. It is one of the most attractivedistricts in Ukraine. The purpose of research is to analyse modern construction and reconditio-ning of the highways in Lviv district in context of promising development of tourism in the region. The basis of information for article was statistical materials, «Ukravtodor» data and literary sources. Method of literature, statistical and cartographic analysis was used.From the beginning of 2015, it was found that the amount of construction and reconditioning of the highways for period from 2015 to 2020 has been increased, in general, 685 km of highways were repaired. Because of that transport accessibility to some famous tourists places and resorts such as: Zolochyv, Nemyriv, Skole, Slavsk, Truskavets etc. significantly had been increased. Same improvement we may observe for transport joining Lviv district with others districts of Ukraine such as Zakarpattya (Uzgorod, Mukacheve, mountain and plain resorts), Ivano-Frankivsk (Bukovel resort, Ivano-Frankivsk, Rogatyn, Yaremche), Ternopil district (regional centre), also there is improvement of highways conditions near the board of Republic of Poland. The finances for reconstructions emerged after governments experiment in 2015 of financing transport infrastructure from unscheduled customer revenues, state program «The great reconstruction» in 2020 as well as the credit of Republic of Poland for repair if boarder roads. The main task in 2021 is to start construct northern bypass way around Lviv. All those measures must significantly accelerate first of all domestic tourism in Western Ukraine.Keywords: tourism, resorts, highways reconstruction, region, transport infrastructure, financing, accessibility.

Unintentional behaviour change

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-418
Author(s):  
Robert Aunger ◽  
Valerie Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Health Campaigns

AbstractWe argue that the authors ignore a broad range of possible means of changing behaviour: unintentional change. Most of the behaviours that people seek to change – either in themselves or that are the subject of public health campaigns–are habitual, and hence not necessarily responsive to intentions. An evolutionary approach should take into account all kinds of evolved behavioural responses.

VEHICLE PARKING STANDARDS AS A SUPPORT TO SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEM: BELGRADE CASE STUDY / AUTOMOBILIŲ AIKŠTELIŲ STANDARTAI KAIP DARNIOS TRANSPORTO SISTEMOS PALAIKYMO PRIEMONĖ: BELGRADO ATVEJIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Milosavljevic ◽  
Jelena Simicevic ◽  
Goran Maletic
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Subject

Vehicle parking standards are related exclusively to parking in connection with: planning, construction, development and/or extension and change of use of the existing developments. On the other hand, vehicle parking standards are the key measure for managing the level of traffic and they should be an integral part of the urban transport policy. This would allow the parking standards to be applied also to the land use management in accordance with accessibility to the urban zones by means of travel other than by car. This implies that in the course of producing vehicle parking standards the level of parking restrictions is to be defined depending on the Public Transport Accessibility Level. If Public Transport Accessibility Level of a zone the subject development belongs to is high, the number of parking spaces to be provided is restricted and customers are encouraged to shift to alternative transport modes. Thus defined parking standards assist in the development of sustainable transport system. This paper will present the methodology for calculation of parking standards depending on the accessibility of the zone the subject development is located within. Santrauka Transporto priemonių stovėjimo vietų standartai numato naujų automobilių aikštelių planavimą ir statybą, esamų statinių išplėtimą ar pakeitimą. Kita vertus, automobilių aikštelių standartai yra pagrindinė priemonė, padedanti valdyti transporto srauto lygi. Jie tūretų būti neatsiejami nuo miesto transporto politikos. Tai leistų įvairias miesto zonas vykti ne automobiliais. Tai reiškia, kad automobilių aikštelių apribojimai turi būti suderinti su miesto viešojo transporto sistema. Jei viešojo transporto prieinamumo lygis konkrečioje miesto zonoje yra aukštas, automobiliu aikšteliu skaičius turi būti ribojamas, o miestiečiai turi būti skatinami naudotis alternatyviomis transporto rūšimis. Taip automobilių aikštelių standartai padeda pletoti darnia transporto sistema. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiama automobilių aikštelių skaičiavimo metodologija, įvertinanti atskirų miesto zonų pasiekiamumą.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

Artificial satellite orbit computations

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
P. Sconzo
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Differential Correction ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Introductory Discussion ◽  
Orbit Computation

In this paper an orbit computation program for artificial satellites is presented. This program is operational and it has already been used to compute the orbits of several satellites.After an introductory discussion on the subject of artificial satellite orbit computations, the features of this program are thoroughly explained. In order to achieve the representation of the orbital elements over short intervals of time a drag-free perturbation theory coupled with a differential correction procedure is used, while the long range behavior is obtained empirically. The empirical treatment of the non-gravitational effects upon the satellite motion seems to be very satisfactory. Numerical analysis procedures supporting this treatment and experience gained in using our program are also objects of discussion.

C. Wire Cabling for Telescope Systems

1966 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Data Multiplexing

Rule: I'd like at this point to bring up the subject of cables and wireways around the telescope. We've touched upon this twice during previous sessions: the cable wrap up problem, the communications problem, and data multiplexing problem. I think we'll ask Bill Baustian if he will give us a brief run down on what the electrical run problems are, besides doubling the system every year.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Cognitive gadgets: A provocative but flawed manifesto

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking

Abstract The argument against innatism at the heart of Cognitive Gadgets is provocative but premature, and is vitiated by dichotomous thinking, interpretive double standards, and evidence cherry-picking. I illustrate my criticism by addressing the heritability of imitation and mindreading, the relevance of twin studies, and the meaning of cross-cultural differences in theory of mind development. Reaching an integrative understanding of genetic inheritance, plasticity, and learning is a formidable task that demands a more nuanced evolutionary approach.

Direct Observations of the Epitaxial Growth of Sputtered Ag on Si

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
J. S. Maa ◽  
Thos. E. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
In Situ Electron Microscopy ◽  
Beam Sputtering ◽  
The Subject

The growth of Ag films deposited on various substrate materials such as MoS2, mica, graphite, and MgO has been investigated extensively using the in situ electron microscopy technique. The three stages of film growth, namely, the nucleation, growth of islands followed by liquid-like coalescence have been observed in both the vacuum vapor deposited and ion beam sputtered thin films. The mechanisms of nucleation and growth of silver films formed by ion beam sputtering on the (111) plane of silicon comprise the subject of this paper. A novel mode of epitaxial growth is observed to that seen previously.The experimental arrangement for the present study is the same as previous experiments, and the preparation procedure for obtaining thin silicon substrate is presented in a separate paper.

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