UKRAINE TRANSPORT COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT MAIN ASPECTS ACCORDING TO THE INTEGRATION CRITERIA

The transport system is one of the basic spheres of the economy, the stable and efficient functioning of which provides the necessary conditions for national security and economy, increasing living standards of the population, as well as it also provides revenues to the State Budget of Ukraine. Maritime transport has paramount importance for the foreign international economic relations.The national transport system development level is one of the most important sign for its technological progress.The transport system becomes the basis for Ukraine's effective entrance into the world community.At the same time the world economy development is characterized by processes of globalization and regionalization. Based on this facts, the object of research is the process of the maritime complex components development according to the criteria of effective positioning in the transport system integration processes.The aim of the investigation is to improve the efficiency of maritime transport integration technologies using, as well as to develop recommendations for the strategic approaches formation to the maritime transport potential components development. Special attention is paid to the main trends in integration processes and multimodal technologies.The study proved that for Ukraine, which economy depends on effective participation in the international labor division, the problem solving of country's maritime potential developing as a factor of its economic growth is extremely important.The need to recover transport potential requires from Ukraine to do some points such as to create its own strategy for the national transport network development, to building infrastructure, to replenish country's fleet and to attract new transit cargo flows.The obtained results practical significance is that the developed and scientifically substantiated main provisions, conclusions and recommendations can be used in practice by public authorities, as well as by private enterprises which are involved in the field of maritime transport.Keywords: integration technologies, transport potential, economic growth, multimodal transportation, international transport corridors

LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL CHARTER AND LINER SHIPPING

Legal regulation of relations arising from the implementation of international transport has its own specifics. The most important conditions are defined in international agreements − conventions, which are the main source of regulation in this area of relations. The agreements contain mainly unified substantive legal norms necessary for the settlement of conflicts that most often arise in the regulation of issues in the field of international transport. It should be noted that international transport conventions also consist of conflict-of-law rules, which are invoked in the absence of unified substantive law. As a rule, conflict-of-law rules refer to national legislation, but sometimes also to the norms of international conventions. The norms of the conventions on international transportation are imperative for contracts of carriage, executed by a transport document − a bill of lading. As a rule, conflict-of-law rules refer to national legislation, but sometimes also to the norms of international conventions. The norms of the conventions on international transportation are imperative for contracts of carriage, executed by a transport document − a bill of lading. Relations in the field of maritime shipping in many cases remain subject to the provisions of domestic maritime law, which must be determined by conflict of laws rules. However, as there are again few generallyaccepted conflict-of-law rules established by international treaties, all relevant issues are resolved at the level of national case law, and it is also different. In connection with the development of the world economy and international economic relations, the question of the ability and degree of influence of maritime transport on them plays an important role. Maritime shipping is central to a single global transport system. Maritime transport is already in its format of activity is an international industry, and concerns the activities of the carrier for the movement of goods or passengers from the port of departure to the port of destination.Keywords: convention, bill of lading, charter, sea transportation, seaport

OPTIMIZATION OF THE USE OF THE PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF A SHIPYARD

The article discusses the issues of determining the production capacity of a shipyard and modeling the production process of ship repair using a systematic approach. The production capacity of the plant is understood as the maximum possible annual output in terms of the indicators and nomenclature established for the shipyard, with the full use of equipment and areas.The maximum volume of production is achieved when the structure of products is fully consistent with the structure of production resources and the structure of production assets. Improvement of management at the ship repair enterprise can be carried out in directions, including by creation of the model of production based on allocation of its most essential characteristics, used of mathematical methods of optimization. A static model is proposed to optimize the use of the shipyard production capacity, whenperforming scheduled preventive maintenance of shipping company ships in market conditions and a dynamic model of the annual plan in order to maximize the shipyard load and uniform use of its production capacity. In the performed calculations of the test case on the basis of the static model, four optimal plans with different optimization conditions were obtained: a plan for using the production capacity of theshipyard with the given initial data; plan with maximum production capacity with full use of shipyard resources; a plan for changing the solvency of the shipping company; plan for changing the terms and standards of ship repair. In all plans, the volume of repairs and the availability of resources limiting the production process are analyzed.Based on the proposed models, the following groups of factors on which the use of the production capacity of the shipyard depends have been identified:1) technical and operational parameters of shipyard units;2) demand for shipyard services in the form of volumes of planned work by type of production activity;3) standards for the use of shipyard capacities;4) the solvency of customers;5) the way of organizing the production process.The method of organizing ship repair is understood as fixing of certain resources of the shipyard units for the fulfillment of planned or additional customer orders. All factors of the first four groups affect the volume of ship repair and other indicators of the production program in termsthe actual or optimal way of organizing production.Key words: shipyard, production capacity, economic and mathematical models, analysis, grouping of factors

SOFT SKILLS AS KEY COMPETENCIES OF TOURIST ENTERPRISE STAFF AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT THROUGH EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The article discusses the skills most important for graduates of the HEI in the field of tourism and the hospitality industry, to ensure their competitiveness in the labor market. The pace of development of almost all spheres of activity, as well as the acceleration of integration on the European continent and in the world, determine the relevance of the development of such educational programs, to ensure minimum workplace adaptation time. To achieve this goal, educational institutions that train for the hospitality industry need information about the criticalpoints in the stakeholder assessment of the programmatic results of the educational program. The study identified a critical need for the «soft skills», the most important of which are leadership, the ability to quickly solve problems, communication, teamwork, flexibility and personal interaction in a multicultural, dynamic and multilingual environment. The majority of students believe that soft skills are skills acquired in the workplace to navigate in their environment and good work. This view coincides with the assessment of respondents from another group. Managers also believe that soft skills contribute to better performance of official duties.The purpose of the survey was also to understand the awareness of students and managers of the hospitality industry about the importance of individual soft skills for work in enterprises that serve tourists and provide hospitality services. The questionnaires were asked to select the most important from the following set: leadership, teamwork, communication, work ethic, problem sol-ving, flexibility and interpersonal skills. A comparative analysis of the attitudes of students and managers to the importance of soft skills for employment and subsequent career advancement, to mastering certain soft skills during the period of study at the university and the function of certain skills to adapt a young specialist to dynamic working conditions in the field of tourism and hospitality showed that the two groups disagree on a number of issues. This suggests that educational programs and teaching methods need to be adapted to the requirements of the labor market. Keywords: soft skills, tourism, hospitality

RESORT RESOURCES OF THE COUNTRY AS THE MAIN COMPONENT OF THE SYSTEM OF TOURIST LOCAL HISTORY

The resort is a narrowly specialized territorial entity with a relatively high concentration of relevant specialization functions (balneological, climatotherapeutic and others). The relative territorial homogeneity of resort resources contributes to the formation of areal forms − resort areas, districts and resort areas. That is, the elements that are formed by the subjects-producers of the producer's market, depending on the level of territorial specialization and concentration of tourist activity, can be divided into tourist-excursion and resort. That is, territorial structures are markets of supply of different hierarchical level, complexity and specialization, to which consumer flows are directed and which provide the process of consumption of tourist goods and a certain set of tourist services. The key elements of the territorial structure of the tourist market are the nodes (resorts). Thus, the geospatial structure of the market of tourist services is formed by both sides of the market − the consumer market, forming demand, localizes it in the elements of settlement systems, based on which the demand market is formed and to which the intermediary enterprises to specialization, is localized both in the elements of settlement systems, tending to the centers of concentration of demand, as well as in the territorial structures of different order and specialization, on the basis of which the supply market is formed. Therefore, the article singles out the main scientists who studied resort activities. Also, the article defines the purpose − the characteristics of resort resources as an important component of tourist science. After the study of the outlined problem, conclusions were made based on the objectives. It is determined that the market of tourist services is a system of multifaceted, polystructural, polyform and multilevel system, which operates according to the law of balancing supply and demand, which reproduces the objectively determined need for compliance in time and space. commodity supply, and operates on the basis of fluctuations in production and consumption of tourism products. And resorts in turn are an important element of the tourist market.Keywords: resorts, territorial structure, tourist market, tourism, tourist services.

HOTEL SERVICES QUALITY ASPECTS

The article defines the concept of hotel service quality as a set of properties and characteristics of hotel services, formed by the relationship of all stakeholders in their provision, potentially or actually able to most effectively meet the established and expected needs of customers. Comparison of requirements for hotel categories set by standards of different countries: Criteria 2015-2020 HotelStars system, The Diamond standard, National rating Quality mark from TGCSA, State Russian system and Ukraine DSTU 4269: 2003 showed a certain obsolescence and irrelevance of the requirements of the National standard for certain criteria. In addition, DSTU 4269: 2003 does not have a block of quality indicators.In Ukraine in 2019, 131 hotels were inspected for compliance with the National Standard, which is three times more than the previous year (43 in 2018), most of which were set the category of «4 stars» – 48. The leader in the total number of surveyed hotels is the Kiev region – 34 hotels. The Kiev region is also the leader in the number of hotels, which were awarded the category of «3 stars» – 14 hotels and «4 stars» – 13 hotels in 2019. According to the number of hotels, which were awarded «5 stars», the leader was the Odessa region – 8 hotels in 2019 received this status mainly in the city of Odessa.The choice of hotel services quality aspects is a priority in its evaluation. The author proposes to expand the list of criteria according to the SERVQUAL methodology and to assesses the hotel services quality in terms of materiality, tangibility, reliability, safety, responsiveness, cogency, speed, empathy, accessibility, flexibility, guarantees, strategic quality management and quality control.Each of the 12 quality aspects is revealed by a set of individual quality indicators and determined by a comprehensive indicator, will calculate the integrated level of hotel services qua-lity, assess indicators in dynamics and in comparison with other hotels, and in the future assess the readiness of hotels to reach the international level.Keywords: quality, hotel, service, aspect, standard, category.

PRINCIPLES OF OPTIMIZING THE ECONOMIC SITUATION OF A SHIPPING COMPANY IN THE SYSTEM OF THE MARITIME TRADE MARKET

The formation of the harmony of the maritime trade market is based on the reaction of ship-owning and port structures to the nature of changes in the main characteristics of cargo flows. At the same time, relations and the reaction of the ship-owning complexes to the optimization of the technical and economic level of the competitors are being formed. A shipping company as an enterprise develops and functions in contrast to other production structures of the national economy in the context of international competition. Regardless of the flag of registration of ships, companies operate in the global maritime trade market. It is the priorities of international conventions that determine managerial and marketing technologies. Therefore, a special nature of the participation of shipping companies in the formation of the final economic results is formed. It is this factor that requires constant clarification of the patterns of sustainable positionning in the system of the international division of labor. Also, it should be noted that the most important tendencies in improving the management of the development of subsystems of the national maritime transport industry are balancing the assessment of the merchant fleet and ports both from the standpoint of macroeconomic and entrepreneurial interests. Therefore, research focuses on the selection andimplementation of the special priorities of the national maritime transport complex. In this regard, the temporal characteristics of the routes are considered rather thoroughly. However, the inconsistency of approaches to the formation of systemic security remains.The efficiency of the state and functional and economic stability should be consi-dered as the main criterion for changing the form of the ownership. With the stability and sustainability of maintaining the liquidity conditions of the enterprise, the change of ow-nership is determined by market conditions and the marketing strategy of the owner himself. Usually, in this state, the change in the form of ownership on the part of the owner has particular number of non-standard reasons. For such enterprises, privatization is problematic because it does not optimize the social and economic con-sequences and results.Keywords: maritime trade, shipping companies, cargo flows, marketing techno-logies.

SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF ORGANIZING LEISURE TIME IN UKRAINE

The relevance of this study is due to the fact that one of the most common forms of recreation for the population is tourism, which is developing at a faster pace than other types of similar services.Ukraine, restructuring its economy on market principles, is included in the global tourism process, as evidenced by the growth of tourist flows and the increase in the volume of activities ofthe reformed tourism industry. In our country, the legislative and regulatory framework is deve-loping (the laws of Ukraine «On Tourism», «On Resorts» and other legislative acts, decrees of the President and resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers), the national tourism industry is being built according to world standards (State programs for the development of tourism), which make it possible to implement state tourism policy and influence the formation of the national tourism market. The international recognition of Ukraine as a tourist state is fixed by its admission to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), which now has 158 member countries, and by the election of the first among the CIS countries to the Executive Council of the WTO.The inclusion of Ukraine in the global tourism process, the development of the tourism industry and the activities of the subjects of the tourism market require scientific substantiation of the directions of development and problems of the geospatial organization of national tourism on the basis of generalizing world trends and their scientific understanding.Keywords:recreation, tourism, services, tourist animation, leisure, factors of tourism development, infrastructure.

ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT FORGRAIN CARGO EXPORTLOGISTICS FROM UKRAINE

Modern trends in the development of grain exports from Ukraine are analyzed in the article. This can be explained by several factors. Firstly, our country has excellent geographicconditions for growing cereals. Secondly, the volume of production goes beyond the scope of only the domestic market of the country. Thirdly, from the point of view of the logistic structure, the Black Sea ports are well suited for shipping grain to China, Egypt, Thailand, Israel, and the United Arab Emirates.The main goal of the work is to analyze and identify problematic aspects of the competitive environment for the logistics of exportgrain cargo from Ukraine.An analytical review of the competitive environment for the logistics of exporting grain cargo from Ukraine has been carried out. The competitive environment of grain export logistics is the result and conditions of interaction of a large number of entities (grain traders, transport companies, ports, port terminals), which determines the appropriate level of economic rivalry and the ability of individual economic agents to influence the overall market situation. It is important that the competitive environment is formed not only and not so much by the actual subjects of grain delivery and transshipment of grain cargoes, the interaction of which causes rivalry, but, first of all, by the relations between them.Ukraine confidently holds key positions in the world grain market. The Ukrainian grain market is export-oriented, which ensures the receipt of foreign exchange earnings into the state treasury. Most of the grain cargo is exported through port terminals, which requires the coordination and efficiency of grain traders, linear elevators, transport and terminals.However, the logistics schemes for the delivery of grain in our country require partial modification. Improving the competitive environment and solving the problems of supplying grain for export, through the seaports of Ukraine, should be seek in improving the logistics infrastructure, by using inland water transport with road transshipment of goods. The use of this direction will allow supersize vessels to enter the Ukrainian seaports, and will increase the competitiveness of grain exports from Ukraine. Keywords:exporters, grain crops, competitors, grain terminals, transportation, ports

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARITIME TRADE IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

International trade is influenced by many factors: the development and deepening of the labor international division and the production internationalization; trade growth and economic integration with the common markets formation, free trade zones; international trade liberalization, reduction of the level of protectionism and trade barriers. The very first form of international trade was sea trade, since one of the oldest modes of transport is sea transport, which still retains its primacy in cargo transportation. Sea trade is a form of international economic relations, international trade in goods, the delivery of which is carried out using sea transport.The article examines the current state and trends in the maritime trade deve-lopment, identifies the main problems of the maritime industry and the risks that threaten the development of maritime trade in a pandemic, analyzes the prospects for the deve-lopment of trade with the participation of maritime transport in the world and in Ukraine.Trade tensions have triggered a restructuring of global maritime trade, as the search for alternative markets and suppliers has redirected flows from China to other markets, especially in Southeast Asia. UNCTAD experts note that the impact of COVID-19 on trade was most severe in the first half of 2020, when trade volumes fell by 15 %. But many countries never recovered by the end of the year. On the other hand, some states were able to successfully withstand new challenges and achieved an increase in their share in the world market, displacing from it the least competitive suppliers, which suffered as a result of reduced demand. The analysis showed that the structure of Ukraine's maritime trade was quite resistant to the emergence of coronavirus. And the significant share of agricultural products in production and exports is a confirmation of this fact. For the development of Ukraine's maritime trade and integration into the world economic system, it is necessary to develop and implement the capabilities of the national maritime economic complex, to protect the interests of Ukraine as a maritime power in the foreign policy and foreign economic spheres.Keywords: maritime trade, COVID-19 pandemic, export, import, maritime policy.