scholarly journals The skeletal remains from Babacan Village early Iron Age (Muradiye, Van, Turkey)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Hakan Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Human Bones

<p>Human skeletal remains were found from tomb dated to Early Iron Age in the Babacan Village in which is a town in the district of Muradiye (18km), Van province (105km), Turkey. Human bones were unearthed from tomb during an illegal excavation in the eastern province of Van’s Muradiye Babacan Village district. The bones were examined for age, sex and also presence of pathological. Furthermore,<em> </em>skeletal measurements and indices were calculated. A minimum of five individuals was defined from tomb dated to Early Iron Age. Skeletal remains in Babacan Village are composed of at least five individuals, including adult of both sexes (four male, one female). The average age of five individuals were calculated as &gt; 30 years. This age is similar to other Early Iron Age populations Van area. Assessing the paleopathological lesions were not observed on the skeletal remains Babacan Village burials. Moreover, another paleopathological observation was not found on the human bones, including trauma.</p>

scholarly journals Profiling of human burned bones: oxidising versus reducing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. M. Marques ◽  
D. Gonçalves ◽  
A. P. Mamede ◽  
T. Coutinho ◽  
E. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Neutron Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Neutron ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burned Bones ◽  
Vibrational Bands

AbstractComplementary optical and neutron-based vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering) were applied to the study of human bones (femur and humerus) burned simultaneously under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, in a wide range of temperatures (400 to 1000 °C). This is the first INS study of human skeletal remains heated in an oxygen-deprived atmosphere. Clear differences were observed between both types of samples, namely the absence of hydroxyapatite’s OH vibrational bands in bone burned anaerobically (in unsealed containers), coupled to the presence of cyanamide (NCNH2) and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) in these reductive conditions. These results are expected to allow a better understanding of the heat effect on bone´s constituents in distinct environmental settings, thus contributing for an accurate characterisation of both forensic and archaeological human skeletal remains found in distinct scenarios regarding oxygen availability.

Post-mortem mutilations of human bodies in Early Iron Age Kazakhstan and their possible meaning for rites of burial

Antiquity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (315) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bendezu-Sarmiento ◽  
H.-P. Francfort ◽  
A. Ismagulova ◽  
Z. Samashev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cut Marks ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Wide Range

The authors find numerous cut-marks on human bones from an Early Iron Age cemetery in Kazakhstan and review a wide range of possible explanations. They discount cannibalism and find that the cuts and fractures fit best with a range of ritual mutilations known to ethno-archaeologists of the Altai region

scholarly journals Hunting of Steppe Nomads of the Pontic Region in the Early Iron Age

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Lukyashko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Golden Eagles ◽  
Saker Falcon ◽  
Fur Animals

Hunting is the oldest kind of human activity preserving traditional forms due to its conservatism. Paleozoologists working in the Northern Black Sea region determined the objects of hunting according to the data obtained from Greek settlements. These are mainly hoofed animals such as deer, roe deer, saigas, and wild boars, and fur animals including hares, foxes, beavers, as well as a variety of birds. According to paleozoological data, hunting was elitist. Unfortunately, it was not taken into account that inhabitants of the settlements hunted in the steppes of foreign lands, and delivered not carcasses of killed animals, but skins and meat. Therefore, skeletal remains cannot objectively reflect the proportions of distribution of hunting objects. Studying ancient texts and toreutics allows us to establish that in the Scythian nomadic world there were such types of hunting as raid, driven hunting, hunting with hounds. It is reasonable to assume that Scythians also utilized hunting birds as their hunting method, as images of hunting birds are widespread among nomads. In the settlements, there can be found skeletal remains of the following hunting birds: saker falcons, golden eagles, gyrfalcons, hawks, etc. Frequent occurrence of their images in the Scythian art and a single case of a saker falcon buried in a male burial of Elizabeth’s burial ground can serve as a vivid example of hunting bird exploitation. Nomads, in particular, could be suppliers of wild animal meat to the settlement and city markets. Inhabitants’ independent hunting in steppes was of extraordinary characteristic. Inhabitants of the settlements could probably hunt outside the fortifications only after the agreement with local nomads.

scholarly journals Grindstone: Grinding... and Human Sacrifice? Why?

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Gábor Ilon
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Action Sequence ◽  
Unchanged Form

Three features, dated to diverse periods of prehistory (Neolithic: Transdanubian Linear Pottery Culture; Bronze Age: Tumulus culture; Iron Age: Celtic Period) are presented in the current study. One of our main goals is to encourage the introduction of an otherwise generally accepted protocol for the investigation and sampling of similar phenomena to Hungarian archaeological research. The method focuses on the examination of 1, complete or partial human skeletal remains; 2, complete or partial animal skeletal remains;3, offerings according to social position; 4, tools for food preparation and equipment of the ritual feast; 5, traces of burning or fire; 6, patterns of the action sequence burning–fragmenting–scattering, together with material analyses for all samples. This way a categorization of the results might open a possibility for a more adequate interpretation. The features under study fall into category A in Joanna Brück’s classification system of human skeletal remains,1 but I regard the phenomena also containing grindstones a subcategory. The ritual in the course of which these were created might have been practiced for millenia in an unchanged form; its possible interpretation was described by István Tóth. According to our view such actions represent the liminal zone between the worlds of the living and the dead.

An Early Iron Age cemetery in ancient Pydna, Pieria: what do the bones tell us?

1998 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 353-364
Author(s):  
Sevi Triantaphyllou
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
The Relationship

Recent work on the association between anthropological and archaeological interpretations has been of great value in the study of prehistoric social organisation. Health and dietary differences are an important aspect of the relationship between population and its environment. The present work investigates some forty skeletal remains from a partially excavated Early Iron Age (1100–700 BC) cemetery in northern Greece and attempts to trace aspects of the health status of the cemetery population concerned. Individuals of all ages and sexes have been recorded. Examination reveals a remarkable prevalence of dental disease, a few cases of cribra orbitalia (possibly related to some postcranial infectious manifestations), one typical case of osteoporosis, and a few arthritic spinal changes. The rarity of prehistoric skeletal material in northern Greece, as well as the noticeable lack of anthropological studies in the area, make the research significant for further interpretations considering issues of social structure and reconstruction of past human populations.

Iron Age History and Archaeology in Zambia

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time

Developments since 1968 in the study of the Zambian Early Iron Age are discussed, with emphasis both on the Lubusi site near Kaoma, which provides the first dated occurrence of Early Iron Age artefacts from western Zambia, and on material from the Eastern Province, which is closely related to contemporary finds from Malawi. Knowledge of the post-Early Iron Age archaeology of Zambia has hitherto been largely restricted to the Southern Province; here, for the first time, an archaeological evaluation of the later Iron Age of other regions has been attempted, and three major pottery traditions are described. In the northern and eastern areas the Luangwa tradition appears to have been established by the eleventh or twelfth century A.D., making a sharp typological break with the preceding Early Iron Age traditions. In the west, the Lungwebungu tradition shows a greater degree of continuity from the Early Iron Age, but in much of the Zambezi valley and adjacent areas it has been supplanted by the sharply-contrasting Linyanti tradition for which a Kololo origin is postulated. The inception of the Luangwa tradition is attributed to the arrival of a new population element ancestral to most of the peoples who inhabit northern and eastern Zambia today, but there is in the archaeological record of this region little discernible trace of later migrations associated with the state-formation process recalled in the extant oral traditions. The implications of these observations for the interpretation of both archaeological data and of oral traditions are discussed and tentative conclusions are proposed concerning the inter-relationship of these two methodologies.

LIST OF 14C DATES OBTAINED UNDER THE PROJECT “THE DOBUŻEK SCARP MICROREGION AS A PART OF A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCULTURAL FRONTIER BETWEEN THE BALTIC AND THE PONTIC ZONE (FROM THE 6TH TO THE 2ND MILLENNIUM BC)”

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tomasz J Chmielewski ◽  
Tomasz Goslar ◽  
Agata Hałuszko ◽  
Agata Sady-Bugajska ◽  
Jan Wiejacki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Plant Macroremains ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
The Baltic

ABSTRACT This paper presents results of accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating of prehistoric samples (human and animal bones, cremated human bones, charcoals, and other charred plant macroremains) from archaeological sites located in the area of Dobużek Scarp, on the Sokal Ridge in central-eastern Poland (E Poland). The date list reports 46 14C age measurements performed within the project “The Dobużek Scarp Microregion as a part of a physiological and biocultural frontier between the Baltic and the Pontic zone (from the 6th to the 2nd millennium BC)” conducted in 2016–2021. The resulting 14C dates fall into quite a long interval, which in terms of the regional archaeological periodization lasts from the Middle Eneolithic to the Early Iron Age, and in terms of the climatological one corresponds with the Subboreal.

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