scholarly journals The link between international entrepreneurship and export performance: Example of ManisaUluslararası girişimcilik ve ihracat performansı ilişkisi: Manisa örneği

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4685
Author(s):  
İpek Kurt ◽  
Hürriyet Bilge
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
International Entrepreneurship ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Set

In recent years, the rapid development of the communication Technologies, the World trade which is developing and becoming easy with globalization, have been pushing the firms to the international trade. The entrepreneurship activities of the firms are not only cover their operating business in foreign market but to discover and evaluate all kinds of cross-border opportunities as well. The research was applied above the small-scale and large-scale businesses which are active along the Manisa Organized Industrial Zone. The goal of the research is the researching the effects of the international entrepreneurship activities to the export market performance. In this context, the research has carried out above the 120 people who give clear answer to the 200 questionnaire and who work in the departments of the foreign trade of the firms. On the result of the questionnaire, it is analyzed that whether the data set available for the factor analysis or nor and 8 factor are obtained. However, the 8th Factor couldn’t be created because of containing 2 variance. After that, one-way variance analysis and correlation analysis are applied to the data set. On the result of the research, it is seen that there is a relationship between export market performance and sub-dimension of international entrepreneurship in different ways and strengths. ÖzetSon yıllarda iletişim teknolojilerinin hızlı gelişimi, küreselleşmeyle birlikte kolaylaşan ve gelişen dünya ticareti, firmaları uluslararası ticarete itmektedir. Firmaların uluslararası girişimcilik faaliyetleri, sadece dış pazarda işletme açmalarıyla ilgili olmayıp her türlü sınır ötesi fırsatları keşfedip değerlendirmelerini kapsar. Araştırma Manisa OSB’de faaliyet gösteren orta ve büyük ölçekli işletmeler üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, uluslararası girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin ihracat pazar performansına etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu bağlamda araştırma firmaların dış ticaret departmanlarında çalışanlara dağıtılan 200 ankete sağlıklı cevap veren 120 kişi üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Anket sonucunda veri setinin faktör analizi için uygun olup olmadığı incelenmiş ve 8 faktör elde edilmiştir. Ancak sekizinci faktör 2 değişkeni içerdiği için oluşturulamamıştır. Veri setine daha sonra tek yönlü varyans analizi ve korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ihracat pazar performansı ve uluslararası girişimcilik alt boyutları arasında çeşitli yön ve kuvvetlerde ilişki olduğu görülmektedir.

The Development of Sweden's R&D-Intensive Electronics Industries: Exports, Outsourcing, and Territorial Distribution

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 783-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Suarez-Villa ◽  
C Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Employment Characteristics

Sweden's research-intensive electronics industries have thrived by developing export-market niches that rely greatly on continuous innovation and substantial expenditures in R&D. Over the past two decades, three R&D-intensive sectors (telecommunications equipment, electronic instruments, and computing-equipment manufacturing) have experienced a progressive territorial distribution, that has made them less reliant on the metropolitan concentration of the capital for their outsourcing and research arrangements. In this article we explore the relationship between R&D intensity, territorial distribution, subcontracting, and establishment performance in the R&D-intensive electronics industries. The export performance of these industries is considered first, along with its relationship with employment characteristics and territorial location. An analysis of the territorial distribution, and its relationship with establishment downsizing and subcontracting, provides insights on the significance of lower costs and higher R&D intensity for small-scale operations. Statistical analyses of R&D intensity and performance variables that include labour skills, plant size, production costs, fixed capital assets, and profitability, with establishment-level survey data, provide important insights on the effects of subcontracting and any spatial differences resulting thereof.

scholarly journals Hyplant-Derived Sun-Induced Fluorescence—A New Opportunity to Disentangle Complex Vegetation Signals from Diverse Vegetation Types

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhajit Bandopadhyay ◽  
Anshu Rastogi ◽  
Uwe Rascher ◽  
Patrick Rademske ◽  
Anke Schickling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscape ◽  
Large Heterogeneity

Hyperspectral remote sensing (RS) provides unique possibilities to monitor peatland vegetation traits and their temporal dynamics at a fine spatial scale. Peatlands provide a vital contribution to ecosystem services by their massive carbon storage and wide heterogeneity. However, monitoring, understanding, and disentangling the diverse vegetation traits from a heterogeneous landscape using complex RS signal is challenging, due to its wide biodiversity and distinctive plant species composition. In this work, we aim to demonstrate, for the first time, the large heterogeneity of peatland vegetation traits using well-established vegetation indices (VIs) and Sun-Induced Fluorescence (SIF) for describing the spatial heterogeneity of the signals which may correspond to spatial diversity of biochemical and structural traits. SIF originates from the initial reactions in photosystems and is emitted at wavelengths between 650–780 nm, with the first peak at around 687 nm and the second peak around 760 nm. We used the first HyPlant airborne data set recorded over a heterogeneous peatland area and its surrounding ecosystems (i.e., forest, grassland) in Poland. We deployed a comparative analysis of SIF and VIs obtained from differently managed and natural vegetation ecosystems, as well as from diverse small-scale peatland plant communities. Furthermore, spatial relationships between SIF and VIs from large-scale vegetation ecosystems to small-scale peatland plant communities were examined. Apart from signal variations, we observed a positive correlation between SIF and greenness-sensitive VIs, whereas a negative correlation between SIF and a VI sensitive to photosynthesis was observed for large-scale vegetation ecosystems. In general, higher values of SIF were associated with higher biomass of vascular plants (associated with higher Leaf Area Index (LAI)). SIF signals, especially SIF760, were strongly associated with the functional diversity of the peatland vegetation. At the peatland area, higher values of SIF760 were associated with plant communities of high perennials, whereas, lower values of SIF760 indicated peatland patches dominated by Sphagnum. In general, SIF760 reflected the productivity gradient on the fen peatland, from Sphagnum-dominated patches with the lowest SIF and fAPAR values indicating lowest productivity to the Carex-dominated patches with the highest SIF and fAPAR values indicating highest productivity.

Export market expansion through indirect learning: evidence from Korean exporters

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Mo Oh ◽  
Dennis B. Arnett ◽  
Sang Bong An
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Interfirm Relationships ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Knowledge Based

Purpose A appreciable number of exporters have successfully developed their markets in foreign countries although they have little prior experience in those countries. Advocating that indirect learning plays a crucial role in explaining this phenomenon, the purpose of this paper is attempted to investigate whether and how learning indirectly from competitors and interfirm relationships enables exporters to successful expand their business into foreign markets. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the knowledge-based theory of the firm and the late-mover advantage theory, the authors developed an empirically testable model that explains and predicts the effects of indirect learning on the success of export market expansion. The model was tested using a complied archival data set in regard to exporters’ market expansion events and international accounting. The sampling frame was the events of Korean exporters’ market expansion. Findings Empirical evidence shows that exporters’ indirect learning from domestic, local, global competitors and from interfirm relationships influence their success of market expansion. In addition, indirect learning from domestic rivals and from interfirm relationships has a more positive effect on the success of expansion into emerging markets than into developed markets. Research limitations/implications Because the authors employed an event-study method, the limitations of this method can be applied to the present research. In addition, because of the empirical context, the results of the research may lack generalizability. The authors, however, provided an understanding how an exporter can succeed in a foreign market specifically when it has lack of direct experience in the market. Practical implications The results of the current research suggested that an exporter should try to learn from local, domestic, and global rivals experienced in a foreign market in order to succeed in the market. In addition, exporters should be affiliated with business groups or partnerships because these affiliations can strengthen the information-sharing mechanisms. Moreover, an exporter should focus first on learning from local rivals and then domestic rivals in order to develop proper expansion strategies. Finally, an exporter should attempt to more actively learn from rivals and interfirm relationships when it targets an emerging market than a developed market. Originality/value Prior studies have emphasized the effects of a firm’s direct learning on market development success. The authors, however, filled a knowledge gap of the impacts of learning in two aspects. First, the authors provided an understanding of the effects of indirect learning on market expansion success. Second, the authors demonstrated these effects in the context of export.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Tender Nut Potential of Diverse Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Varieties/Forms in Sri Lanka

CORD ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
S.A.C.N. Perera ◽  
G.K. Ekanayake ◽  
H.M.N.B. Herath
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Guidance ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

There is a rising demand in the world for coconut water as a healthy natural beverage. Different coconut varieties are used in different countries to be processed as a natural drink. The coconut form “King coconut” has long been used in Sri Lanka as the ideal coconut variety for this purpose. However, with the expansion in the local and export beverage coconut market, the supply does not meet with the demand at present. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify potential coconut varieties/forms mainly relating to the yield of beverage. The study was conducted in the main coconut triangle and Southern Sri Lanka. Eleven coconut forms, namely, King coconut and Bothal thembili in the variety Aurantiaca, Red, Yellow, Green and Brown dwarf and Murusi in the variety Nana, Bodiri, Dothalu, and Sri Lanka tall. These are included in the variety Typica along with Nipol, which is a natural hybrid being identified to be suitable as beverage coconuts. Out of them the yielding ability was high in King coconut, Red dwarf and Yellow dwarf while Bodiri, Nipol and Dothalu fared well. Many coconut forms suitable for beverage purpose were observed to be having seasonality in nut production. Ensuring adequate soil fertility and prevention of water deficit over prolonged periods were observed to help sustain yield and reduce seasonality in bunch emission. There were no large scale plantations for beverage coconuts in Sri Lanka, and the entire collection was from home gardens and very small scale holdings. It is recommended to establish medium scale holdings with coconut forms having high yield potential as identified in the current study, with proper management guidance to ensure a steady supply of beverage coconuts to the local as well as export market.

scholarly journals A MODEL STUDY OF SMALL-SCALE WORLD MAP GENERALIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Y. Cheng ◽  
Y. Yin ◽  
C. M. Li ◽  
W. Wu ◽  
P. P. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Map Generalization ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Improved Model

With the globalization and rapid development every filed is taking an increasing interest in physical geography and human economics. There is a surging demand for small scale world map in large formats all over the world. Further study of automated mapping technology, especially the realization of small scale production on a large scale global map, is the key of the cartographic field need to solve. In light of this, this paper adopts the improved model (with the map and data separated) in the field of the mapmaking generalization, which can separate geographic data from mapping data from maps, mainly including cross-platform symbols and automatic map-making knowledge engine. With respect to the cross-platform symbol library, the symbol and the physical symbol in the geographic information are configured at all scale levels. With respect to automatic map-making knowledge engine consists 97 types, 1086 subtypes, 21845 basic algorithm and over 2500 relevant functional modules.In order to evaluate the accuracy and visual effect of our model towards topographic maps and thematic maps, we take the world map generalization in small scale as an example. After mapping generalization process, combining and simplifying the scattered islands make the map more explicit at 1 : 2.1 billion scale, and the map features more complete and accurate. Not only it enhance the map generalization of various scales significantly, but achieve the integration among map-makings of various scales, suggesting that this model provide a reference in cartographic generalization for various scales.

Mangroves as Fish Habitat

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Subsistence Fishing

<em>Abstract</em>.—Mangroves are widely understood to be important habitats for fisheries, supporting resident fish, crustacean, and mollusk populations as well as acting as nursery grounds for species that are targeted by offshore fisheries. There is, however, a lack of quantitative data on fisheries that operate in and around mangroves. We carried out a systematic search to gather data on mangrove fisheries from the scientific literature. We filtered the 4,358 studies returned by the search based on their title and abstract and extracted data from 169 of these. Despite the abundance of literature on mangrove fisheries, we were unable to build a data set of comparable, quantitative data of sufficient size to support numerical modeling approaches. In part, this is due to the variety of mangrove fisheries, which range from small-scale subsistence fishing for mollusks and crabs to large-scale industrialized prawn trawling. This is compounded by the broad range of reporting methods and metrics encountered in the literature. We make a number of recommendations to guide the future reporting of mangrove fisheries to allow for better quantification and comparison of fisheries values at large spatial scales.

Interfacing Communication and ICTs in a Divisionalised Structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 597-614
Author(s):  
Toyosi Olugbenga Samson Owolabi ◽  
Godspower Godwin Itemeh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Information And Communication

The quests for sound organizational management and efficient corporate governance have received more impetus in today's business environment. This is because it has been observed especially among large scale enterprises and multinational companies of incidences of wastage of human and material resources, inefficiency and sluggishness in the corporate decision making process at huge cost to the company on one hand and to shareholders on the other. In contemporary corporate setting especially in situations where huge sums are budgeted for information and communication technologies, large scale organisations tend to have more specialisation, departmentalisation, centralization, and regulation than small scale enterprises. Particularly, companies with wide variety of products often give preference to divisionalisation purposely to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in the corporate decision-making process.

scholarly journals Export Market Orientation and Organizational Knowledge Enhance Export Market Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ng Kim-Soon ◽  
Muosa Rahil Mostafa ◽  
Ali Abusalah Elmabrok Mohammed ◽  
Abd Rahman Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Organizational Knowledge ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Structure Equation Modeling ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="History"><span lang="EN-US">Exporters exporting to the Arab Countries should focus on market orientation and organizational knowledge activities to enhance their export performance. Marketing concept suggests that the long term purpose of an organization is to satisfy customer needs for the purpose of maximizing profits. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between export market orientation, organizational knowledge and export market performance. The hypothesized relationships between export market orientation, organizational knowledge and export market performance were empirically tested through structure equation modeling. A total of 223 duly completed self-administrated survey questionnaires collected from each representative manufacturers who export to the Arab market were analyzed. The result shows that export market orientation and organizational knowledge positively influence export market performance. The square multiple correlations between the exogenous constructs and endogenous construct was found to be 49%. It means that when there is one unit of increase in export market orientation and organizational knowledge, there will be 49 units of increase of export market performance for Malaysian manufacturers exporting to Arab countries. Result implies that exporters exporting to Arab countries should focus on market orientation and organizational knowledge activities in their organization to enhance export performance.</span></p>

scholarly journals Differences between downscaling with spectral and grid nudging using WRF

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3601-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Liu ◽  
A. P. Tsimpidi ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
B. Stone ◽  
A. G. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Dynamical Downscaling ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Spectral Nudging

Abstract. Dynamical downscaling has been extensively used to study regional climate forced by large-scale global climate models. During the downscaling process, however, the simulation of regional climate models (RCMs) tends to drift away from the driving fields. Developing a solution that addresses this issue, by retaining the large scale features (from the large-scale fields) and the small-scale features (from the RCMs) has led to the development of "nudging" techniques. Here, we examine the performance of two nudging techniques, grid and spectral nudging, in the downscaling of NCEP/NCAR data with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The simulations are compared against the results with North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data set at different scales of interest using the concept of similarity. We show that with the appropriate choice of wave numbers, spectral nudging outperforms grid nudging in the capacity of balancing the performance of simulation at the large and small scales.

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