Manufacture of Shielding for Attenuation Ionization Ray by the Preparation of Nano Gadolinium Oxide with PMMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Amjed Mohammed Shreef ◽  
Nura Anwer Abdulzahara
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Gadolinium Oxide ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Linear Absorption ◽  
System A ◽  
Prepared Composite ◽  
The Impact

In this research, the coefficient of linear absorption, Half-value layer and Effective atomic number of the composite material for gamma ray of gadolinium oxide with PMMA (Gd2O3- PMMA) for shields made with varying concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) and varied thicknesses The impact of raising the shield thickness when the concentration of each thickness is increased. The gamma ray radiation source was Cs-137and Co-60 which have (activity 10 μci and energy of 0.662 MeV, activity 1μci and energies 1.173 -1.332 (MeV) were used in measurement, As an electrical system, a scinatelaion detector (NaI (Tl)) was utilized with a (2x2)" for ORTEC software program (Scintivision-Buffer) with an integrated measurement system. The results reveal that when the concentration of nano particle-gadolinium oxides raised and the thickness of the produced layer increased, the attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number values increased of the prepared composite However, as the concentration and thickness of the composite increased, the Half-value layer values dropped.

scholarly journals New Intrinsic Scintillator with Large Effective Atomic Number: Tl2HfCl6 and Tl2ZrCl6 Crystals for X-ray and Gamma-ray Detections

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Fujimoto ◽  
Keiichiro Saeki ◽  
Daisuke Nakauchi ◽  
Takayuki Yanagida ◽  
Masanori Koshimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
X Ray

A Monte Carlo investigation of some important radiation parameters and tissue equivalency for photons below 1 keV in human tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohammad Rafiei ◽  
Sara Parsaei ◽  
Parminder Kaur ◽  
Kanwar J Singh ◽  
Mehmet Büyükyıldız ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Equivalent Material ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Tissue Equivalent

Abstract The attenuation coefficients are important input values in estimating not only the dose and exposure in radiotherapy and medical imaging, but also in the proper design of photon shields. While studies are widely available above 1 keV, the attenuation coefficients of human tissues for photon energies less than 1 keV have not been studied yet. In this study, the attenuation coefficients of water and some human tissues were estimated for low energy photons using the MCNP6.1 code in the energy region 0.1 keV-1 keV. Mass attenuation coefficients were estimated at photon energies of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950 and 1000 eV for water and ten human tissues (Soft, Breast, Lung, Bone, Brain, Eye lens, Ovary, Skin, Thyroid and Prostate). Results were compared with those available in literature and a fairly good agreement has been obtained. These data were then used to calculate the mean free path, half value layer, tenth value layer, effective atomic number and specific gamma-ray constant (useful for calculation of dose rate) as well. Moreover, for comparison the effective atomic number of the water has been obtained using the results of this work and using the data available in NIST database from 0.1 to 1 keV. In addition, the human tissues were compared with some tissue equivalent materials in terms of effective atomic number and specific gamma-ray constant to study the tissue equivalency from the results, the muscle-equivalent liquid with sucrose has been found to be the best tissue equivalent material for soft tissue, eye lens and brain with relative difference below 4.1%.

scholarly journals Investigation of Novel Composite Material Based on Extra-Heavy Concrete and Basalt Fiber for Gamma Radiation Protection Properties

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
І. Romanenko ◽  
M. Holiuk ◽  
A. Nosovsky ◽  
V. Hulik
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Effective Electron

The paper presents a new composite material for radiation protection based on extra-heavy concrete reinforced by basalt fiber. Basalt fiber is a new material for concrete reinforcement, which provides improved mechanical characteristics of concrete, reduces the level of microcracks and increases the durability of concrete. Within the scope of present work, the gamma-ray radiation protection properties of concrete reinforced with basalt fiber was modeled. Two types of extra-heavy concrete were used for this paper. The main gamma-ray attenuation coefficients such as mean atomic number, mean atomic mass, mean electron density, effective atomic number, effective electron density, Murty effective atomic number were analyzed with help of WinXCom software. It has been shown that the addition of basalt fiber to concrete does not impair its gamma-ray radiation shielding properties. With increasing the basalt fiber dosage in concrete, the radiation properties against gamma radiation are improved. This research was carried out with the financial support of the IAEA, within the terms and conditions of the Research Contract 20638 in the framework of the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) “Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) Applications and use of Low-Enriched Uranium in ADS (T33002)” within the project “The Two-Zone Subcritical Systems with Fast and Thermal Neutron Spectra for Transmutation of Minor Actinides and Long-Lived Fission Products”.

Study Total Atomic Cross-Sections, Effective Atomic Numbers, and Electron Densities for Palmitic Acid by Using Sources of Gamma Ray

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yahya Hadi ◽  
Ali Adil Turki Aldalawi ◽  
Karar Mahdi Talib
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Electron Densities ◽  
Effective Electron ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Mass Attenuation

The effective atomic number (Z effective), total atomic cross-section (б Total) electron density (N effective) have been Measured depending on the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ). By using Gamma-ray radiation (γ), emitted from sources (57𝐶𝑜, 133𝐵𝑎, 22𝑁𝑎, 137𝐶𝑠, 54𝑀𝑛, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 60𝐶𝑜) with energies from (0.122, 0.356,0.511,0.662,0.84,1.17,1.275 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1.33𝑀𝑒𝑉) respectively. using the Sodium Iodide Scintillation Detectors NaI(Tl) at 662 keV and resolution about 8.2% have been measured the mass attenuation coefficients for the sample “Palmitic acid” it’s chemical formula C16H32O2. The data from the mass attenuation coefficient were then employed to study Z effective, N effective, and б total of the sample. In the presence of gamma-ray energy, it was discovered that the effective atomic number and effective electron densities first drop and they tend to remain nearly constant. The experimental values obtained by Z effective and N effective were in excellent agreement with the theoretical values. The theoretical data that is accessible is obtained from XCom, which is available online. The study's findings aid in understanding how (μ/ρ) values change when Zeff and Neff values vary in the case of H, C, and O based biological molecules such as fatty acids.

scholarly journals A study on determination of mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and electron density of some materials using Monte Carlo method

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ho Thi Tuyet Ngan ◽  
Hoang Duc Tam
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Experimental Values

This work aims to calculate the effective atomic number and electron density by Monte Carlo method. In previous studies, the most widely used solution is to use the transmission method with the narrow gamma-ray beam. In the approach of this work, the gamma-ray beam after going through material is uncollimated to recording by NaI(Tl) detector. To do this, the inner diameter of detector collimator was enlarged with the aim of decreasing the strengthen of radioactive source. The obtained results were compared with NIST data and the experimental values which yield the maximum deviation of 9.05% and 3.43%, respectively. These results show the promising approach in determining the features of material.

Determination of effective atomic number of biomedical samples using Gamma ray back-scattering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderjeet Singh ◽  
Bhajan Singh ◽  
B. S. Sandhu ◽  
Arvind D. Sabharwal
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Back Scattering

Effective atomic number and buildup factor calculations for metal nano particle doped polymer gel

Vacuum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 138-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sathiyaraj ◽  
E.J.J. Samuel ◽  
C.C.S. Valeriano ◽  
M. Kurudirek
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Number ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Buildup Factor ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Doped Polymer

CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVE ATOMIC NUMBER USING AUTO ZEFFECTIVE METHOD FOR BORO-SILICATE GLASS SERIES GLASS [Li O – B O – SiO 2 2 3 2 – XO] WITH THIRD (5D) D-BLOCK (HF–HG) TRANSITION METALS ELEMENTS (X)

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Sangeet Markanda
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Silicate Glass ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Lithium Oxide ◽  
Glass Series ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The impact of the doping of the transition metals with Lithium Oxide provides signicant data in Boro-silicate materials. Hence their comprehensive study with Lithium in Boro-silicate glass studied in the present paper. Z-effective shows non consistence in study respective to energy and even more anomalous with respective to the atomic number at lowest energy levels (0.01 MeV). Variations in Z-effective are high with increase in energy among all 5d metals used in given series of glass. For 1 to 100 MeV a small variation observed in data as it ranges 9 to 21 (Zeffective). Even variation is symmetrical within the 5d transition metals except for Hf (72) and Ta (73)

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