scholarly journals Application of Offshore HDPE Pipes Route Design in North Maluku Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Franto Novico ◽  
Indra Kurniawan ◽  
Andi Egon ◽  
Davide Merli
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Block ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Route Design ◽  
Minimum Dimension ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Hdpe Pipes

The lack of fresh water for the inhabitants of Maitara island is a very urgent problem to be solved. Two main factors at least must be taken into account to deliberate the right of way of subsea High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes, namely the hydrodynamic conditions and of a block analysis. This paper presents the study to justify the best route of subsea HDPE pipes based on hydrodynamic model analysis and concrete block strategy. The method used to analyze the best route includes 2 aspects. Firstly, the investigation method consisting of a bathymetric survey conducted by a single beam echosounder, 15 days tidal observations and seabed sediment sampling. Secondly, the hydrodynamic modelling analysis using Mike 21 FMHD and concrete block analysis, all these studies have been completed in August 2018. In the morphological behaviour analysis, three alternative routes are considered for the subsea HDPE pipes from Tidore Island to Maitara Island. The outcome of the analysis shows that the second track line option has the smallest impact by the hydrodynamic conditions, with a current speed of less than 0,5m/sec and a significant wave height of fewer than 1.2 meters. Furthermore, the uniformity of the lithology along the route is the other reason to select the second route. Finally, the concrete block analysis generated a minimum dimension of 75cm x 60cm x 30cm, and a free span of 3 meters is safe to absorb the uplift and drag forces acting on the pipe.

scholarly journals Disaster and Risk Mitigation at The Toll Road Planning Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 936 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
I. Hermawan ◽  
I. Suhendra ◽  
H. Wiranata ◽  
R.W. Karim ◽  
A.W. Astuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Rock Formation ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alternative Routes

Abstract PT. Hutama Karya (Persero), according to Presidential Regulation No. 100 of 2014 and No. 117 of 2015, obtained an assignment to construct and operate 24 sections of Trans Sumatera Toll Road along 2,789 km, including Padang - Pekanbaru Toll Road, where almost all of the segments are located in fault areas and in areas with diverse rock formation. In terms of the number of fault locations, the toll road has a greater risk of earthquakes. Whereas in terms of varying rock formations, construction planning and improper structure determination will cause a highly cost-enhancing effect. In the planning stage, the selection of route is one of the mitigations to minimize the risks and impacts of the earthquake disaster. Toll road trajectories are designed optimally by considering the movement of the earth’s plates based on fault data on these locations and data on rock formations for the construction and structure plan of the Toll Road. Input data needed is Geological Secondary Data and Topographic Data containing information on fault areas and rock formations. Therefore, planning with Quantm Trimble software is the right solution. Determining the route with Quantm Trimble software is one of the effective and efficient methods. The main key in determining routes by Quantm Trimble is the software algorithm which can determine the route quickly by considering the main constraints such as avoiding fault areas, avoiding an area with certain rock formations also determining the construction methods on certain rock formation areas. Quantm Trimble software is able to generate several alternative routes based on user-defined constraints, including accommodating the automatic selected smoothing process according to the specified road geometry standard. The software greatly accommodates the determination of the plan by considering risk and disaster management, as well as being able to manage costs well by determining the construction method plan quickly and accurately.

scholarly journals Perangkat Lunak Pencarian Apotek Menggunakan Metode Item Based Collaborative Filltering Dan Algoritma Floyd Warshall

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Andri Wijaya ◽  
Ari Muzakir ◽  
R.M Nasrul Halim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
System Development ◽  
General Information ◽  
Shortest Path Algorithm ◽  
Development Method ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Other Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
The City

Pharmacy is a health service that is very important for the community, this means that this is very much related to public health. To facilitate the community in finding the right and fast pharmacy with the best recommendations and shortest routes and several alternatives to the location of the pharmacy. This study aims to create software that makes it easier for people to find pharmacies based on alternative routes and other information related to the pharmacy located in the city of Palembang. This software uses the Floyd Warshall Algorithm as the shortest path algorithm and the Item-based collaborative filtering method for selecting items based on the rating given by the user. The system development method used is the prototype method. This research produces pharmacy location search software with alternative routes along with general information related to the pharmacy

scholarly journals Time Is Brain: Acute Control of Repetitive Seizures and Status Epilepticus Using Alternative Routes of Administration of Benzodiazepines

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Almohaish ◽  
Melissa Sandler ◽  
Gretchen M. Brophy
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Rectal Diazepam ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Medical Emergencies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Absorption Delay

Time plays a major role in seizure evaluation and treatment. Acute repetitive seizures and status epilepticus are medical emergencies that require immediate assessment and treatment for optimal therapeutic response. Benzodiazepines are considered the first-line agent for rapid seizure control. Thus, various routes of administration of benzodiazepines have been studied to facilitate a quick, effective, and easy therapy administration. Choosing the right agent may vary based on the drug and route properties, patient’s environment, caregiver’s skills, and drug accessibility. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of benzodiazepines are essential in the decision-making process. Ultimately, agents and routes that give the highest bioavailability, fastest absorption, and a modest duration are preferred. In the outpatient setting, intranasal and buccal routes appear to be equally effective and more rapidly administered than rectal diazepam. On the other hand, in the inpatient setting, if available, the IV route is ideal for benzodiazepine administration to avoid any potential absorption delay. In this article, we will provide an overview and comparison of the various routes of benzodiazepine administration for acute control of repetitive seizures and status epilepticus.

Sediment Characteristics as a Function of Variable Hydrodynamics in a Tidal Flat of the Yellow River Delta, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiewen Zheng ◽  
Yonggang Jia ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
Hongxian Shan
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Flat ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
The Yellow River Delta ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Surface Samples

The role of hydrodynamics in the secondary reworking of sediment in a tidal flat of the Yellow River delta was studied. Field hydrodynamic conditions were measured in the study area, and subsurface and surface samples at selected points were collected. Laboratory analyses were performed to measure variations in the grain sizes, mineral constituents, and microstructures of the sediment. Moreover, fractal dimension calculations were introduced to obtain additional quantitative sedimentological data. The results of the studies indicate clear responses of the seabed sediment to variations in the hydrodynamic conditions both in the vertical profile and in a seaward transect and indicate that hydrodynamic changes can play a significant role in sculpting the topographic features of tidal flats.

Research on the Heat Exchange Performance of Thermal Insulation Material and Cooling Pipe for Concrete Dam

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 278-281
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Sheng Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Mass Concrete ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Thermal Insulation Material ◽  
Cooling Pipe ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
The Right

In the mass concrete structure construction, the thermal insulation material and cooling pipe are important temperature control materials to prevent concrete from cracking. In order to select the right materials, their heat exchange coefficients should be obtained exactly. But no proper apparatus can give the parameters through simple measure. An experiment concrete block with the dimension of 50m long and 22m wide was established near a dam construction site and the corresponding inversion calculating was applied. The experiment method is presented. The measured curves and calculated curves meet well which shows the inversed parameters reliable. Then the heat exchange coefficients of the EPE insulation materials with different thickness and the HDPE pipes with different diameters are given. The application effect shows the selected materials have achieved the goal of crack prevention. The experiment and inversion method will provide reference to other cases and the heat exchange coefficients can be used in similar structures.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

The E-ring: interactions with plasma and implications for its evolution

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
T.V. Johnson ◽  
G.E. Morfill ◽  
E. Grun
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Density Region ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Orbit Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ring Particle ◽  
Ring Material

A number of lines of evidence suggest that the particles making up the E-ring are small, on the order of a few microns or less in size (Terrile and Tokunaga, 1980, BAAS; Pang et al., 1982 Saturn meeting; Tucson, AZ). This suggests that a variety of electromagnetic and plasma affects may be important in considering the history of such particles. We have shown (Morfill et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) that plasma drags forces from the corotating plasma will rapidly evolve E-ring particle orbits to increasing distance from Saturn until a point is reached where radiation drag forces acting to decrease orbital radius balance this outward acceleration. This occurs at approximately Rhea's orbit, although the exact value is subject to many uncertainties. The time scale for plasma drag to move particles from Enceladus' orbit to the outer E-ring is ~104yr. A variety of effects also act to remove particles, primarily sputtering by both high energy charged particles (Cheng et al., 1982, J. Geophys. Res., in press) and corotating plasma (Morfill et al., 1982). The time scale for sputtering away one micron particles is also short, 102 - 10 yrs. Thus the detailed particle density profile in the E-ring is set by a competition between orbit evolution and particle removal. The high density region near Enceladus' orbit may result from the sputtering yeild of corotating ions being less than unity at this radius (e.g. Eviatar et al., 1982, Saturn meeting). In any case, an active source of E-ring material is required if the feature is not very ephemeral - Enceladus itself, with its geologically recent surface, appears still to be the best candidate for the ultimate source of E-ring material.

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