scholarly journals LAJU PERTUMBUHAN BEBERAPA KARANG BERCABANG PADA PERAIRAN PULAU KARIMUNJAWA, KABUPATEN JEPARA Growth Rate of Some Branching Corals in Karimunjawa Island, District of Jepara

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anangga Rifqi Wicaksono ◽  
Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo ◽  
Anhar Solichin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Park ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Acropora Formosa

ABSTRAK Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (TNKJ) merupakan kawasan konservasi bagi lingkungan dan biota, salah satunya adalah terumbu karang. Pengukuran pertumbuhan karang merupakan informasi penting terhadap potensi terumbu karang dimana mampu mengetahui waktu yang diperlukan karang untuk tumbuh secara akurat. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 2 lokasi, Pantai Ujung Gelam yang terletak pada sisi barat pulau Karimunjawa dan Pantai Pancuran yang terletak pada sisi timur pulau Karimunjawa selama 3 bulan yaitu selama April – Juli 2018 dan bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis karang cabang dominan serta tutupan terumbu karangnya dan mengetahui laju pertumbuhan dari beberapa karang cabang yang ditemukan. Penelitian dilakukan pada kedalaman air berbeda yaitu kurang dari 2 meter dan lebih dalam dari 2 meter, menggunakan 8 individu karang bercabang, setiap individu karang diambil data sebanyak 3 cabang karang dan 3 kali pengulangan. Analisis data laju pertumbuhan karang dilakukan dengan uji regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karangAcropora robusta dan Acropora formosa ditemukan di stasiun 1, Montipora digitata dan Acropora nobilis ditemukan di stasiun 2, Acropora aspera dan Acropora formosa ditemukan di stasiun 3, dan Acropora formosa dan Porites cylindrica ditemukan di stasiun 4. Rata – rata laju pertumbuhan panjang dan diameter dalam kurun waktu 3 bulan karang jenis Acropora robusta sebesar 0,605 cm/bulan dan 0,2 cm/bulan, karang Acropora aspera sebesar 0,395 cm/bulan dan 0,083 cm/bulan, karang Acropora nobilis sebesar 0,946 cm/bulan dan 0,3 cm/bulan, karang Acropora formosa sebesar 0,491 cm/bulan dan 0,122 cm/bulan, karang Porites cylindrica sebesar 0,58 cm/bulan dan 0,162 cm/bulan, dan karang Montipora digitata adalah 0,541 cm/bulan dan 0,095 cm/bulan. ABSTRACT Karimunjawa National Park  is a conservation area for the environment and biota, coral reefis one of it. Coral growth measurement is a very important information on potential of coral reefs where we can determine time needed for corals to grow accurately. This research was conducted in2 locations,Ujung Gelam beach in westside of Karimunjawa Island and Pancuran beach in eastside of Karimunjawa Island  for 3 months started from April – July 2018 and aims to determine the dominant species of branching coral in each area and its percentage cover and to find out the growth rate of branching coral found in those area. This study was conducted with difference-depth treatment which is less than 2 metres and deeper than 2 metres, using 8 branching corals as a samples where each individual takes 3 branches and 3 repetition data. The experimental test used in this study was simple linear regression. The study result showed that Acropora robusta and Acropora formosa can be found in area 1, Montipora digitata and Acropora nobilis can be found in area 2, Acropora aspera and Acropora formosa can be found in area 3, and Acropora formosa and Porites cylindrica can be found in area 4. The average length and diameter growth rate within 3 months of species Acropora robusta is 0,605 cm/month and 0,2 cm/month,Acropora aspera is 0,395 cm/month and 0,083 cm/month, Acropora nobilis is 0,946 cm/month and 0,3 cm/month, Acropora Formosa is 0,491 cm/month and 0,122 cm/month, Porites cylindrical is 0,58 cm/month and 0,162 cm/month, and Montipora digitata is 0,541 cm/month and 0,095 cm/month

scholarly journals Vachellia erioloba dynamics over 38 years in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Van der Merwe ◽  
Noel Van Rooyen ◽  
Hugo Bezuidenhout ◽  
Jacobus Du P. Bothma ◽  
Margaretha W. Van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
National Park ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Size Class Distribution ◽  
Class Distribution ◽  
The Mean

Vachellia erioloba is a keystone tree species in the southern Kalahari. This long-term study over nearly four decades tracks two populations in different landscapes (the interior sandy duneveld versus the clayey Nossob riverbed) of a large conservation area and offers valuable data on this species under natural soil moisture conditions and with limited anthropogenic influences. In 1978, 18 trees were permanently marked in a 1 ha plot in the interior duneveld of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park (Dankbaar site). In the Nossob riverbed all trees in a 1 ha plot were surveyed in 1979 (Grootkolk site). At both sites, tree height and stem circumference were subsequently measured at irregular intervals until 2016 in order to investigate growth rates and population structure. Of the 18 marked trees at Dankbaar, six died and three showed coppice regrowth following substantial dieback after a fire. A mean height increase of 60 mm/year was recorded and the mean height of the remaining uncoppiced trees was 6.8 m in 2016. Stem diameter growth rate per year varied widely between trees and between years with a mean value of 2.5 mm/year over the 38-year period. Growth rate calculated for three 10-year intervals varied. Using the mean growth rate derived in the current study and stem size of the dead trees, the mean age of the trees when they died was estimated. At the Grootkolk site, the position of the centroid in relation to the midpoint of the diameter class range suggests that this population is gradually becoming a mature to old population with limited recruitment. This was supported by the size class distribution curves. However, no differences between slopes or intercepts of the stem diameter size class distributions were found.Conservation implications: This study was conducted in a large conservation area, that is, a natural ecosystem excluding most of the anthropogenic threats that are present outside of the park. The study illustrated that in the duneveld the population studied was self-sustaining, with recruitment occurring and large individuals presumably dying of old age. Although fire caused a few individuals to coppice, no fire-related deaths were reported. In the Nossob riverbed, surveys started in a stand of predominantly young trees and the size class distribution at that stage already showed a lack of recruitment. This stand is ageing and will likely disappear at this site; however, new young stands are appearing at other sites in the Nossob riverbed. Under the current conditions with negligible anthropogenic influences, it therefore appears that some V. erioloba populations in the park are increasing in size while others are decreasing, but that overall the species will persist. The impact of global climate change on this species is, however, unknown.

scholarly journals Growth pattern in tropical mangrove trees of Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
RIGNOLDA DJAMALUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
National Park ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Mangrove Trees

Abstract. Djamaluddin R. 2019. Growth pattern in tropical mangrove trees of Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1713-1720. Seasonal diameter growth patterns in mangrove are often related to rainfall, temperature and moisture regime. At any localities, specific environmental factors may influence growth rate of individual trees. I asked whether stem growth of tropical mangrove in BNP is constant over a year, and whether stem growth rates are different by sites, species, and trees of the same species. Dendrometer bands were installed on trees from twelve different sites in BNP to measure stem growth rates. Measurements were made at two months intervals from July 1999 to June 2001 and March 2014 to December 2016. Growth rates measured in trees at the twelve sites varied significantly from 0.83 ± 0.27 to 1.71 ± 0.31 mm month-1. Growth rates were higher on Sonneratia alba (1.65 ± 0.69 mm month-1), low on Rhizophora stylosa, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal (0.82 ± 0.16, 0.82 ± 0.18, 0.85 ± 0.18, 0.88 ± 0.28 mm month-1, respectively), and medium on Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera parviflora, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata (1.19 ± 0.16, 1.22 ± 0.69, 1.25 ± 0.49, 1.31 ± 0.22 mm month-1, respectively). Statistically, growth rates were higher in trees with initial girths more than 50 cm compared to trees with initial girth less than 50 cm on B. gymnorrhiza, C. tagal, and R. mucronata, but these were slower for R. apiculata and S. alba. Between individual trees in six species tested, the differences in diameter growth rate were statistically significant. Growth rates varied among different site conditions, and the effect of soil water salinity on these was significant at higher intertidal sites. Growth rates exhibited seasonal patterns, and these were correlated positively with rainfall and negatively with temperature. The effect of the 2015-2016 El Nino was significant on reduced growth rates.  

scholarly journals Threats to the Serengeti Herds

Oryx ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Makacha ◽  
Michael J. Msingwa ◽  
George W. Frame
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Serengeti National Park ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Growing Population

The Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is famous for its huge herds of migrating wildebeest, zebras and other ungulates. But these herds spend much of the year in neighbouring reserves where their survival depends on preserving the right conditions. The authors made a study of two of these reserves with disturbing results. The Maswa Game Reserve they found was seriously threatened by invading (illegal) settlement with a fast-growing population cultivating land and felling trees; in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area they report that the Maasai have taken to poaching, both for subsistence meat and for trophies to sell – skins, ivory and rhino horn. In both places the guards are so poorly equipped they can do little to stop poaching.

scholarly journals Estimating population sizes of lions Panthera leo and spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta in Uganda's savannah parks, using lure count methods

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Okot Omoya ◽  
Tutilo Mudumba ◽  
Stephen T. Buckland ◽  
Paul Mulondo ◽  
Andrew J. Plumptre
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Population Sizes

AbstractDespite > 60 years of conservation in Uganda's national parks the populations of lions and spotted hyaenas in these areas have never been estimated using a census method. Estimates for some sites have been extrapolated to other protected areas and educated guesses have been made but there has been nothing more definitive. We used a lure count analysis method of call-up counts to estimate populations of the lion Panthera leo and spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta in the parks where reasonable numbers of these species exist: Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Murchison Falls Conservation Area and Kidepo Valley National Park. We estimated a total of 408 lions and 324 hyaenas for these three conservation areas. It is unlikely that other conservation areas in Uganda host > 10 lions or > 40 hyaenas. The Queen Elizabeth Protected Area had the largest populations of lions and hyaenas: 140 and 211, respectively. It is estimated that lion numbers have declined by 30% in this protected area since the late 1990s and there are increasing concerns for the long-term viability of both species in Uganda.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI KEARIFAN LOKAL DENGAN SIKAP KONSERVASI MASYARAKAT DESA LENCOH KECAMATAN SELO DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI

Biosfer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Eka Putri Azrai ◽  
Sri Supardi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Village People

Local wisdom refers to ideas and local knowledge which are wise, full of wisdom, good and virtuous beliefs that made, owned, also carried out by local people in that area. People of Lencoh village are applying local wisdom filled with Javanese culture in order to interact with the environment and use natural resources. This study aims to determine the correlation between perception of local wisdom and conservation attitude of Lencoh village people in Mount Merapi National Park. The study was conducted in Lencoh village, Selo sub-district in January 2016. The method used is the descriptive methods with correlational study. There are 95 respondents from the three hamlets. The data is using questionnaires and interviews. The results showed 56,84% and 43,16% of respondents have a enough and high local wisdom perception, and 8,42% and 91,58% of respondents have a enough and good conservation attitude. Hypothesis is tested using simple linear regression analysis, obtained Y = 47.262 + 0.703X and Pearson Product Moment Correlation test at α = 0.01, obtained rxy = 0.678 indicates a strong correlation between local wisdom perception and conservation attitude of a Lencoh village people. The results of this research prove there is a positive correlation between local wisdom perception and conservation attitude of Lencoh village people on Mount Merapi National Park.

scholarly journals Growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on different composition of faba kerbstone artificial reef

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruly Isfatul khasanah ◽  
ENDANG YULI HERAWATI ◽  
ANIK MARTINAH HARIATI ◽  
MOHAMMAD MAHMUDI ◽  
AIDA SARTIMBUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Acropora Formosa

Abstract. Khasanah RI, Herawati EY, Hariati AM, Mahmudi M, Sartimbul A, Wiadnya DGR, Asrial E, Yudatomo, Nabil R. 2019. Growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on different compositions of faba kerbstone artificial reef. Biodiversitas 20: 3593-3598. A counter measure and an alternative technique to reduce coral reef destruction is through transplantation, which requires the relocation or cutting of a live coral, planted in a designated place containing damaged varieties. Faba kerbstone is a product innovation similar to paving block/brick, made from fly and bottom ash (FABA), which is the dominant waste product from PT Jawa Power, Probolinggo, Indonesia. In addition, it has also been widely utilized as a raw material in the creation of paving and concrete blocks, composed by harmless material, with a length, width, and height of 40, 25 and 15 cm, respectively. This study aims to observe the growth rate of Acropora formosa coral fragments transplanted on a faba kerbstone, using five different fly and bottom ash compositions: K1 = 0% Fa, K2 = 25% Fa and 75% Ba, K3 = 50% FA and 50% Ba, K4 = 75% Fa and 25% Ba, while K5 = 100% Fa and 0% Ba. Furthermore, the observations were conducted underwater, using scuba diving for six months, observing the parameters of fragment length, colony diameter, and branches number. In addition, the highest elongation rate of A. formosa coral fragments was identified at K2 (1.313 ± 0.447 cm/month), and K1 (1.185 ± 0.642 cm/month), while the most significant increment in colony diameter was observed in K2 (0.077 ± 0.060 cm/month) and K1 (0.063 ± 0.071 cm/month), and the largest number of branches was also found in K2 (29.50 or 4.28 branches/month) and K1 (25.25 or 3.67 branches/month). Furthermore, the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (p = 0.05) showed was no significant difference in the fragments elongation and colony diameters in the K1 and K2 models, although there was substantial variation from the K3, K4, and K5.

scholarly journals Integrating Economic Value of Environmental Services and Carbon Stock: A Case Study from Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
N S Lestari ◽  
G K Sari ◽  
Kusmayanti ◽  
W V Ponekke ◽  
F Saputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
National Park ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Market Approach

Abstract As a conservation area, national parks play essential roles in environmental services provision and have the potential to support the REDD+ program. This study aims to estimate appropriate incentives for national parks based on carbon units by integrating the economic value of environmental services and carbon stock provided by the lowland dry forest ecosystem in Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park (BNWNP) consisted of North Sulawesi and Gorontalo areas. Carbon stock was estimated by establishing sample plots, including five carbon pools. While the economic valuation of environmental services includes biodiversity using the market approach, ecotourism using the zonal travel cost method, and water service using simulation water regulation services method and market approach. The total ecosystem carbon stock in BNWNP is estimated at 73.67 Mton. Meanwhile, the estimation of the economic value of environmental services is about IDR 70.57 trillion. Based on these results, the appropriate carbon values are IDR 683,308 and IDR 1,304,238 per ton carbon for the lowland dry forest ecosystem in Gorontalo and North Sulawesi areas. This result indicates that given its essential environmental services, the incentive for protecting national parks may exceed the carbon value used in result-based payment scheme in REDD+ initiatives that have been implemented.

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