scholarly journals Growth pattern in tropical mangrove trees of Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
RIGNOLDA DJAMALUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
National Park ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Mangrove Trees

Abstract. Djamaluddin R. 2019. Growth pattern in tropical mangrove trees of Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1713-1720. Seasonal diameter growth patterns in mangrove are often related to rainfall, temperature and moisture regime. At any localities, specific environmental factors may influence growth rate of individual trees. I asked whether stem growth of tropical mangrove in BNP is constant over a year, and whether stem growth rates are different by sites, species, and trees of the same species. Dendrometer bands were installed on trees from twelve different sites in BNP to measure stem growth rates. Measurements were made at two months intervals from July 1999 to June 2001 and March 2014 to December 2016. Growth rates measured in trees at the twelve sites varied significantly from 0.83 ± 0.27 to 1.71 ± 0.31 mm month-1. Growth rates were higher on Sonneratia alba (1.65 ± 0.69 mm month-1), low on Rhizophora stylosa, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal (0.82 ± 0.16, 0.82 ± 0.18, 0.85 ± 0.18, 0.88 ± 0.28 mm month-1, respectively), and medium on Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera parviflora, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora mucronata (1.19 ± 0.16, 1.22 ± 0.69, 1.25 ± 0.49, 1.31 ± 0.22 mm month-1, respectively). Statistically, growth rates were higher in trees with initial girths more than 50 cm compared to trees with initial girth less than 50 cm on B. gymnorrhiza, C. tagal, and R. mucronata, but these were slower for R. apiculata and S. alba. Between individual trees in six species tested, the differences in diameter growth rate were statistically significant. Growth rates varied among different site conditions, and the effect of soil water salinity on these was significant at higher intertidal sites. Growth rates exhibited seasonal patterns, and these were correlated positively with rainfall and negatively with temperature. The effect of the 2015-2016 El Nino was significant on reduced growth rates.  

Abstract 13513: Serial CT Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Diameter Demonstrates Predominantly Linear Growth (N-TA 3 CT)

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Olson ◽  
Marniker Wijesinha ◽  
Annalise Panthofer ◽  
William Blackwelder ◽  
Gilbert R Upchurch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Risk Of Rupture ◽  
Serial Ct

Objective: Small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have a low risk of rupture. Intervention is indicated when diameters exceed established thresholds. This study assessed the growth rates and patterns of AAAs over 2 years as documented on serial CT scans from the Non-Invasive Treatment of AAA Clinical Trial. Methods: 254 patients, 35 females with baseline AAA maximum transverse diameter (MTD) between 3.5-4.5 cm and 219 males with baseline MTD 3.5-5.0 cm, were included in this study. Linear regressions and segmental growth rates were used to model growth rates and patterns. Results: The yearly growth rates of AAA MTDs had a median of 0.17 cm/yr and mean of 0.19 cm/yr ± 0.14 (Figure 1). 10% of AAA displayed minimal to no growth (< 0.05 cm/yr), 62% low growth (0.05-0.25 cm/yr), 28% high growth (> 0.25 cm/yr). Baseline AAA diameter accounted for only 5.4% of growth rate variance (P<0.001, R 2 0.05). Most AAAs displayed linear growth (70%); large variations in interval growth rates occurred infrequently (3% staccato growth, 4% exponential growth); a minority of subjects’ growth patterns were not clearly classifiable (11% indeterminate-not growing, 12% indeterminate-growing) (Figure 2). No patients with baseline MTD < 4.25 cm exceeded sex-specific repair thresholds (males 0 / 92, [95% CI, 0.00-0.06]; females 0 / 25 [95% CI, 0.00-0.25]) in the course of follow-up for as long as two years. Conclusions: The majority of small AAAs exhibit linear growth; large intra-patient growth rate variations were infrequently observed over 2 years. AAA < 4.25 cm can be followed with a CT scan in 2 years with little chance of exceeding interventional MTD thresholds of 5.5 cm for men.

In situ growth rate estimates of Southern Ocean krill, Thysanoessa macrura

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake R. Wallis ◽  
Jessica E. Melvin ◽  
Robert King ◽  
So Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Thysanoessa Macrura ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractGrowth, which is intrinsically linked to environmental conditions including temperature and food availability are highly variable both temporally and spatially. Estimates of growth rates of the Southern Ocean euphausiid Thysanoessa macrura are currently restricted to limited studies which rely upon repeated sampling and length-frequency analysis to quantify growth rates. The instantaneous growth method (IGR) was used to measure the growth rate of T. macrura successfully in the southern Kerulen Plateau region during summer, providing the first IGR parameters for the Southern Ocean euphausiid species. Results of the four-day IGR incubation indicate a period of low somatic growth for adult T. macrura. Males had a longer intermoult period (IMP) (62 days) than females (42 days), but the sexes exhibited similar daily growth rates of 0.011 mm day−1 and 0.012 mm day−1 respectively. Juveniles exhibited the fastest growth, with an IMP of 13 days and daily growth rate of 0.055 mm day−1 indicating a prolonged growth season, similar to the Antarctic krill E. superba. Consequently, we highlight the usability of the IGR method and strongly encourage its use in developing a comprehensive understanding of spatial and seasonal growth patterns of T. macrura.

scholarly journals Radial Growth Patterns Associated with Tree Mortality in Nothofagus pumilio Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milagros Rodríguez-Catón ◽  
Ricardo Villalba ◽  
Ana Srur ◽  
A. Park Williams
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Nothofagus Pumilio ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Growth Trends

Tree mortality is a key process in forest dynamics. Despite decades of effort to understand this process, many uncertainties remain. South American broadleaf species are particularly under-represented in global studies on mortality and forest dynamics. We sampled monospecific broadleaf Nothofagus pumilio forests in northern Patagonia to predict tree mortality based on stem growth. Live or dead conditions in N. pumilio trees can be predicted with high accuracy using growth rate as an explanatory variable in logistic models. In Paso Córdova (CO), Argentina, where the models were calibrated, the probability of death was a strong negative function of radial growth, particularly during the six years prior to death. In addition, negative growth trends during 30 to 45 years prior to death increased the accuracy of the models. The CO site was affected by an extreme drought during the summer 1978–1979, triggering negative trends in radial growth of many trees. Individuals showing below-average and persistent negative trends in radial growth are more likely to die than those showing high growth rates and positive growth trends in recent decades, indicating the key role of droughts in inducing mortality. The models calibrated at the CO site showed high verification skill by accurately predicting tree mortality at two independent sites 76 and 141 km away. Models based on relative growth rates showed the highest and most balanced accuracy for both live and dead individuals. Thus, the death of individuals across different N. pumilio sites was largely determined by the growth rate relative to the total size of the individuals. Our findings highlight episodic severe drought as a triggering mechanism for growth decline and eventual death for N. pumilio, similar to results found previously for several other species around the globe. In the coming decades, many forests globally will be exposed to more frequent and/or severe episodes of reduced warm-season soil moisture. Tree-ring studies such as this one can aid prediction of future changes in forest productivity, mortality, and composition.

Crown stratification by species in even-aged mixed stands of Douglas-fir – western hemlock

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Wierman ◽  
Chadwick Dearing Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Vertical Stratification ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Study Management

The pattern of vertical stratification in mixed Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands was documented by observing tree interaction patterns on temporary plots in stands between 35 and 80 years old. It was found that Douglas-fir predictably dominated the hemlock. Several possible causes of the stratification were studied. They were differences in ages between species, differences in mortality patterns, and differences in growth rates. Increment borings of trees on sample plots in the 35- to 80-year stands with the observed stratification revealed the overtopping Douglas-firs and suppressed hemlocks to be essentially of the same age. Searches for dead or dying Douglas-fir in groups of mixed stands of 35 to 80 years, 22 to 35 years, and less than 12 years revealed very little Douglas-fir mortality by suppression. Therefore, the possibility of death of intermediate and suppressed Douglas-firs was not an important factor leading to Douglas-firs being found primarily in the upper crown positions. Height and diameter growth patterns of closely growing codominant Douglas-firs, co-dominant hemlocks, and suppressed hemlocks were documented by stem analyses. Douglas-fir became significantly taller than the hemlocks after about 20 years and suppressed competing hemlocks. The possibility of stratification in mixed planted stands is less certain, since only young planted stands were available for study. Management of such mixed stands appears to improve the yield and quantity of wood and reduce or eliminate costly precommercial thinnings.

Ecological Traits of the Eucalyptus L'hérit Subgenera Monocalyptus and Symphyomyrtus

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Noble
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Leaf Chemistry ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genus Eucalyptus

The genus Eucalyptus L'Hérit. dominates most of the forests and woodlands of Australia. Many stands consist of intimate mixtures of species from different subgenera. The ecological traits of the two largest subgenera, Symphyomyrtus and Monocalyptus, are reviewed. Consistent differences in herbivore and parasite damage to leaves; in water relations; in tolerance to waterlogging, flooding, salinity and frost; in nutrient usage; in response to Phytophthora cinnamorni; and in early growth patterns are described. These can be summarised as differences in leaf chemistry; in root morphology, chemistry and activity; and in early growth rates. It is suggested that the differences in the ecological traits, and especially in the early growth rate, may help explain the coexistence of closely related species of similar habits in eucalypt communities.

scholarly journals Individual growth pattern and variability in Serranus scriba: a Bayesian analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Alós ◽  
Miquel Palmer ◽  
Salvador Balle ◽  
Antoni Maria Grau ◽  
Beatriz Morales-Nin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Population Dynamics Models ◽  
Dynamics Models

Abstract Alós, J., Palmer, M., Balle, S., Grau, A. M., and Morales-Nin, B. 2010. Individual growth pattern and variability in Serranus scriba: a Bayesian analysis. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 502–512. Variability in growth patterns at an individual level in Serranus scriba is described using a Bayesian approach for a generalized von Bertalanffy growth model that accommodates one change in growth rate at a specific point during the lifespan. The approach enables individual growth curves to be inferred, even in a species with a relatively short lifespan and no commercial value, i.e. limited sample sizes available, but potentially endangered by recreational fishing. The change in growth rate may be the result of differing allocation of energy between reproductive and somatic activities at different ages. Overall, the approach presented provides adequate input for future implementation of population dynamics models that take into account individual variability, e.g. individual-based models, even for species for which limited data are available.

Growth ecology of the tree lizard Urosaurus bicarinatus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae), in a tropical dry forest of the Chamela Region, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista ◽  
Uriel Hernández-Salinas ◽  
J. Gastón Zamora-Abrego
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Tree Lizard

Determination of growth rate provides an important component of an organism’s life history, making estimations of size at maturity, survival rate, and longevity possible. Here, we report on growth rate of males and females of the tropical tree lizard Urosaurus bicarinatus, in a seasonal environment in the state of Jalisco on the Mexican Pacific Coast. We calculated body growth rates and fitted these to the Von Bertalanffy, the logistic-by-length, and the logistic-by-weight growth models. The Von Bertalanffy model provided the best fit, and we used it to analyze the growth pattern. Males and females did not differ in estimated asymptotic size and other characteristic growth parameters. Estimated growth curve predicted an age at maturity of 38 mm SVL on 120 days for males, and 40 mm SVL on 170 days for females. On the basis of the similarities in the growth rates between the sexes, comparisons were made between seasons, and we found that the average rate of growth was slightly, albeit insignificantly, higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The similarities in the growth patterns for the sexes of this species might be indicative of variance in its life history traits (e.g., fecundity, egg size) compared to those of other populations of this species and other species of this genus; therefore, it is important to document interpopulation differences to understand the evolutionary changes that have led to optimal adaptation in a particular environment more accurately.

scholarly journals Seasonal Pattern of Stem Diameter Growth of Qinghai Spruce in the Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Wan ◽  
Pengtao Yu ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Yanhui Wang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Qinghai Spruce ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

It is important to develop a better understanding of the climatic and soil factors controlling the stem diameter growth of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) forest. The results will provide basic information for the scientific prediction of trends in the future development of forests. To explain the seasonal pattern of stem diameter growth of Qinghai spruce and its response to environmental factors in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China, the stem diameter changes of 10 sample trees with different sizes and soil and meteorological conditions were observed from May to October of 2015 and 2016. Our results showed that the growth initiation of the stem diameter of Qinghai spruce was on approximately 25 May 2015 and 20 June 2016, and stem diameter growth commenced when the average air and soil temperatures were more than 10 °C and 3 °C, respectively. The cessation of growth occurred on approximately 21 August 2015 and 14 September 2016, and it was probably controlled by soil moisture. Stem diameter growth began earlier, ended later, and exhibited a larger growth rate as tree size increased. For the period May–October, the cumulative stem diameter growth of individual trees was 400 and 380 μm in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The cumulative stem diameter growth had a clear seasonal pattern, which could be divided into three growth stages, i.e., the beginning (from day of year (DOY) 120 to the timing of growth initiation with the daily growth rate of less than 2 μm·day−1), rapid growth (from the timing of growth initiation to the timing of growth cessation with the daily growth rate of more than 2 μm·day−1), and ending stages (from the timing of growth cessation to DOY 300 with the daily growth rate of less than 2 μm·day−1). The correlation of daily stem growth and environmental factors varied with growth stages; however, temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil moisture were the key factors controlling daily stem diameter growth. Overall, these results indicated that the seasonal variation in stem growth was regulated by soil and climatic triggers. Consequently, changes in climate seasonality may have considerable effects on the seasonal patterns of both stem growth and tree growth.

scholarly journals Growth rates of icicles

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (135) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Maeno ◽  
L. Makkonen ◽  
K. Nishimura ◽  
K. Kosugi ◽  
T. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Measured Length

AbstractExperimental and theoretical studies on the growth rate of an icicle were carried out as a function of temperature, water-supply rate and wind speed; the relative humidity was also taken into account. The length of an icicle increases by the downward growth of thin dendritic crystals into the supercooled pendant water drop at the tip, and thus the growth is in the crystallographica-axis direction. The diameter, on the other hand, increases by the freezing of a water film flowing down along the icicle wall. The ratio of measured length-and diameter-growth rates was large, namely 8–32.Both growth rates increased with decreasing temperature and increasing wind speed. The increase in water-supply rate led to the decrease in the length-growth rate but no significant change in the diameter-growth rate. These results could be well described by a numerical model of icicle growth which takes account of the dendritic growth at the tip and the wall and the effective heat transfer within the turbulent boundary layer around the icicle. A formation mechanism of ribs and hollows is discussed in relation to the flowing and freezing process of water on an icicle wall.

Comparison of selected Douglas-fir seed sources for cambial and leader growth patterns in four western Oregon environments

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Emmingham
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Cambial Growth ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Definite Pattern

The leader and cambial growth of sapling Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from both inland and coastal varieties followed a definite pattern in four western Oregon environments. Generally, buds became active first and cambial growth became active soon after. Leader growth stopped in August, long before cambial growth, which continued into October. Phenology, total seasonal growth, and growth pattern for trees from coastal sources from Vancouver Island, B.C., to southern Oregon were more similar than for trees from inland sources from British Columbia to Idaho and Arizona. Most of the differences among populations in one season's growth were related to growth rate rather than growth duration.

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