scholarly journals Mapping Syrian Refugee Border Crossings: A Feminist Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Reference Points ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Flow Lines ◽  
Humanitarian Emergency ◽  
Syrian Civil War ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Alternative Mapping

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees calls the ongoing Syrian Civil War “the biggest humanitarian emergency of our era.” Since 2011, over 5.4 million individuals have fled across borders throughout the region and further abroad into Europe. Western media have documented Syrian border crossings and stories through riveting journalism, interviews, photography, and maps. While the written and photographic reporting of Syrian stories use captivating imagery and testimonials to convey the traumatic experiences of individuals, these experiences are limited in the accompanying cartographic coverage. Instead, Western media’s cartographic practices commonly aggregate refugees into flow lines, proportional symbols, and reference points, and frequently simplify border experiences into homogeneous, black line symbols. Flow lines, homogeneous border symbols, and other mapping conventions silence the experiences of individual Syrians and negate emotions, perils, and geopolitical issues linked to border crossings. I ask the following research questions: How can the cartographic portrayal of Syrian peoples’ border experiences be improved to more fully represent their experiences? Furthermore, how can a feminist perspective inform an alternative mapping of borders and border experiences? Through a feminist lens, I have developed an alternative mapping technique that emphasizes borders as a theoretical and conceptual advancement in cartographic design and border symbolization. By rendering Syrian border stories and experiences visible with cartography, my work nudges critical and feminist cartographies forward and gives Syrians a geographic voice unavailable to them through conventional cartographies.

scholarly journals Materialized Trauma Narratives of Border Crossings

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 81-104
Author(s):  
Tuulikki Kurki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Trauma Narratives ◽  
Trauma Narrative ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Analytical Potential ◽  
Narrative Forms

The purpose of this article is to discuss the applicability of the concept of materialized narrative in the analysis of border and mobility related experiences. In this article, the concept and its analytical potential are discussed in three examples that address difficult, even traumatic experiences related to various kinds of border crossings in Finnish and Estonian contexts. The concept of materialized narrative allows the conceptualization of border and mobility related traumas in supplementary and alternative ways. The materialized narrative is defined as a form of narrative and non-narrative knowledge that is linked with objects that people carry with them across various borders and their difficult experiences. The aim of the concept is to bring together the narrative and non-narrative knowledge of traumatic experiences that is embodied in a material object. The research thesis of the article is to examine how a materialized narrative can function as a trauma narrative. The article argues that materialized narratives can function as instruments for processing traumatic experiences related to border crossings, similarly to autobiographical trauma narratives that are regarded to be among the most central narrative forms analyzed in multidisciplinary trauma research. The research material includes interviews and artwork accomplished in the project “A Lost Mitten and Other Stories: Experiences of Borders, Mobilities, and New Neighbor Relations” (funded by the Kone Foundation).

scholarly journals Motioning the politics of security: The primacy of movement and the subject of security

2021 ◽  
pp. 096701062110440
Author(s):  
Jef Huysmans
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
The Subject

The article explores challenges that giving conceptual primacy to movement poses for thinking the politics of security. In security studies, there has been an intense interest in mobile phenomena and the nature of security techniques that seek to control, contain or steer them. However, when exploring how these mobile phenomena bear upon conceptions of politics and their contestation, the analytics tend to turn back to more static or sedentary categories and reference points. Against this background, the article develops an analytical framework for security and its politics that gives conceptual primacy to movement. Giving conceptual primacy to movement implies three key moves: (a) changing lines from enclosures and connectors to pathways; (b) shifting from understanding movement through positions and nodes to the continuity of movement; and (c) displacing architectural and infrastructural readings of the relations between movements with readings of continuously unfolding confluences of movements moving in relation to one another. Applying these three moves displaces conceptions of movement as border crossings and networked connections with the notion of entangling movements moving in relation to one another. One of the implications for security studies is that taking such a point of view challenges the use of ‘the subject of security’, understood in terms of state sovereignty and the positioning of differential security claims hooked into group identity, as a key device for making security politically meaningful and contested. The article concludes that giving conceptual primacy to movement invites security studies not to limit itself to studying the politics of movement but to also incorporate a motioning of politics.

scholarly journals Report on ICDP Deep Dust workshops: probing continental climate of the late Paleozoic icehouse–greenhouse transition and beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 93-112
Author(s):  
Gerilyn S. Soreghan ◽  
Laurent Beccaletto ◽  
Kathleen C. Benison ◽  
Sylvie Bourquin ◽  
Georg Feulner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Paris Basin ◽  
Anadarko Basin ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Mars Analog ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Continental Climate

Abstract. Chamberlin and Salisbury's assessment of the Permian a century ago captured the essence of the period: it is an interval of extremes yet one sufficiently recent to have affected a biosphere with near-modern complexity. The events of the Permian – the orogenic episodes, massive biospheric turnovers, both icehouse and greenhouse antitheses, and Mars-analog lithofacies – boggle the imagination and present us with great opportunities to explore Earth system behavior. The ICDP-funded workshops dubbed “Deep Dust,” held in Oklahoma (USA) in March 2019 (67 participants from nine countries) and Paris (France) in January 2020 (33 participants from eight countries), focused on clarifying the scientific drivers and key sites for coring continuous sections of Permian continental (loess, lacustrine, and associated) strata that preserve high-resolution records. Combined, the two workshops hosted a total of 91 participants representing 14 countries, with broad expertise. Discussions at Deep Dust 1.0 (USA) focused on the primary research questions of paleoclimate, paleoenvironments, and paleoecology of icehouse collapse and the run-up to the Great Dying and both the modern and Permian deep microbial biosphere. Auxiliary science topics included tectonics, induced seismicity, geothermal energy, and planetary science. Deep Dust 1.0 also addressed site selection as well as scientific approaches, logistical challenges, and broader impacts and included a mid-workshop field trip to view the Permian of Oklahoma. Deep Dust 2.0 focused specifically on honing the European target. The Anadarko Basin (Oklahoma) and Paris Basin (France) represent the most promising initial targets to capture complete or near-complete stratigraphic coverage through continental successions that serve as reference points for western and eastern equatorial Pangaea.

Particularities of Social and Environmental Accounting Research in an Emerging Country

2015 ◽  
pp. 308-331
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Environmental Reporting ◽  
Emerging Country ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Social And Environmental Reporting

The purpose of this chapter is to debate on a number of research questions drawn from previous fundamental research conducted on social and environmental accounting in emerging countries. Based on literature review, on practical studies of specialized organizations or associations, and on authors' previous studies, another step is made in this research, by developing a pilot questionnaire intended to capture the willingness of companies form an emerging country, to show interest in social responsibility disclosure. This helps to launch certain debates with regard to the principles, concepts and forms of social and environmental reporting. The pilot questionnaire was sent to a group of interested companies in Romania (the emerging country chosen for this study) and the reference points for discussions on a Framework for presenting and managing social and environmental information through corporate reports are developed based on their responses.

Navigating between Refugee Protection and State Sovereignty

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-231
Author(s):  
Ellen Reichel
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
International Organization ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
The Past ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Normative Change

The chapter reconstructs major changes in the ways in which the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has been legitimated over the past four decades. First, we observe a strengthening of individuals and their rights as reference points of the organization’s activities. Second, managerial norms such as efficiency and accountability have gained relevance in the representation of UNHCR as a ‘good international organization’. While the first normative change attests to the rise of people-centred legitimacy standards, the second provides further evidence for the increasing importance of procedural expectations which international organizations are asked to fulfil. Somewhat paradoxically, then, the turn towards ‘results-based management’ implies that the legitimacy of UNHCR is measured just as much by how it works as it is measured by the outcomes it produces.

scholarly journals Implementation of Story Mapping and Mind Mapping Toward Students' Reading Comprehension Enhancement: A Comparative Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Novia Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mind Mapping ◽  
Story Mapping ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Mapping Techniques

The purpose of this study is to find out significant difference in implementing Story Mapping and Mind Mapping techniques toward students’ reading comprehension enhancement. This study used a quantitative research method and comparative design by measuring the achievement of pre-test and post-test. This study addressed three research questions: (a) What is the achievement of the students after being treated with Story Mapping and Mind-mapping Techniques? (b) Is there any significant difference between Story Mapping and Mind-mapping techniques in enhancing students’ reading comprehension?, (c) What is students’ response towards Story Mapping and Mind-mapping techniques? There are different types of text in reading; however, the researcher limited the texts given to the participants—utilizing narrative and descriptive texts only. This study utilized small average amount of sample size—72 eight graders to be given the treatment. The purpose of limiting the number of participants is to provide effective treatment for them. The result of this study shows that p. value (sig) = 0.279 > α (0.05). After analyzing the data, the researcher found out that the students reading comprehension are enhanced but there is no significant difference in reading comprehension enhancement between those who acquired Story Mapping technique and those who acquired Mind Mapping technique. Both techniques are deemed to be effective in enhancing students’ reading comprehension.   Keywords Reading comprehension, Story Mapping, Mind Mapping  

scholarly journals Modelling Ocean Connectivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (0) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Margherita Paola Poto ◽  
Elise Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Marine Policy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The One

Regulatory coherence is crucial to effectively respond to the growing pressures that our oceans are facing. Applying the interpretative lens of ocean connectivity to ocean governance can help address the challenges from a material, epistemic, and geopolitical viewpoint. This special issue intends to uncover various understandings of ocean connectivity taking into account the complex biocultural interactions happening in the marine environment. The research aim is divided into two objectives: (1) to explore the various conceptualizations of ocean connectivity; and (2) to provide a critical analysis on how the law (of the sea) considers or disregards ocean connectivity. Our research methodology combines a literature review and a mapping technique that examines the models of connectivity. The mapping technique has been developed by adopting the ‘one-pager approach’, where the authors have been asked to answer two research questions, aligned with our research objectives. We structured the work into an introductory section and three main articles. The understanding of ocean connectivity is key to developing international marine policy and suggesting legal tools for the protection of the marine environment. Moving from this angle towards an understanding of connectivity which includes bio-centric elements, Indigenous cosmo-visions, and anthropocentric connectivity, we identified three models of connectivity and explored their suitability to address the systemic challenges.

Reference Coordinate System Requirements for Geophysics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
P. L. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Angular Motion ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Axis Of Rotation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Fixed System

AbstractFive important geodynamical quantities which are closely linked are: 1) motions of points on the Earth’s surface; 2)polar motion; 3) changes in UT1-UTC; 4) nutation; and 5) motion of the geocenter. For each of these we expect to achieve measurements in the near future which have an accuracy of 1 to 3 cm or 0.3 to 1 milliarcsec.From a metrological point of view, one can say simply: “Measure each quantity against whichever coordinate system you can make the most accurate measurements with respect to”. I believe that this statement should serve as a guiding principle for the recommendations of the colloquium. However, it also is important that the coordinate systems help to provide a clear separation between the different phenomena of interest, and correspond closely to the conceptual definitions in terms of which geophysicists think about the phenomena.In any discussion of angular motion in space, both a “body-fixed” system and a “space-fixed” system are used. Some relevant types of coordinate systems, reference directions, or reference points which have been considered are: 1) celestial systems based on optical star catalogs, distant galaxies, radio source catalogs, or the Moon and inner planets; 2) the Earth’s axis of rotation, which defines a line through the Earth as well as a celestial reference direction; 3) the geocenter; and 4) “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate systems.When a geophysicists discusses UT1 and polar motion, he usually is thinking of the angular motion of the main part of the mantle with respect to an inertial frame and to the direction of the spin axis. Since the velocities of relative motion in most of the mantle are expectd to be extremely small, even if “substantial” deep convection is occurring, the conceptual “quasi-Earth-fixed” reference frame seems well defined. Methods for realizing a close approximation to this frame fortunately exist. Hopefully, this colloquium will recommend procedures for establishing and maintaining such a system for use in geodynamics. Motion of points on the Earth’s surface and of the geocenter can be measured against such a system with the full accuracy of the new techniques.The situation with respect to celestial reference frames is different. The various measurement techniques give changes in the orientation of the Earth, relative to different systems, so that we would like to know the relative motions of the systems in order to compare the results. However, there does not appear to be a need for defining any new system. Subjective figures of merit for the various system dependon both the accuracy with which measurements can be made against them and the degree to which they can be related to inertial systems.The main coordinate system requirement related to the 5 geodynamic quantities discussed in this talk is thus for the establishment and maintenance of a “quasi-Earth-fixed” coordinate system which closely approximates the motion of the main part of the mantle. Changes in the orientation of this system with respect to the various celestial systems can be determined by both the new and the conventional techniques, provided that some knowledge of changes in the local vertical is available. Changes in the axis of rotation and in the geocenter with respect to this system also can be obtained, as well as measurements of nutation.

The Collaborative Network Approach: a model for advancing patient-centric research for Castleman disease and other rare diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Mary Zuccato ◽  
Dustin Shilling ◽  
David C. Fajgenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Castleman Disease ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Collaborative Network ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Patient Centric

Abstract There are ∼7000 rare diseases affecting 30 000 000 individuals in the U.S.A. 95% of these rare diseases do not have a single Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy. Relatively, limited progress has been made to develop new or repurpose existing therapies for these disorders, in part because traditional funding models are not as effective when applied to rare diseases. Due to the suboptimal research infrastructure and treatment options for Castleman disease, the Castleman Disease Collaborative Network (CDCN), founded in 2012, spearheaded a novel strategy for advancing biomedical research, the ‘Collaborative Network Approach’. At its heart, the Collaborative Network Approach leverages and integrates the entire community of stakeholders — patients, physicians and researchers — to identify and prioritize high-impact research questions. It then recruits the most qualified researchers to conduct these studies. In parallel, patients are empowered to fight back by supporting research through fundraising and providing their biospecimens and clinical data. This approach democratizes research, allowing the entire community to identify the most clinically relevant and pressing questions; any idea can be translated into a study rather than limiting research to the ideas proposed by researchers in grant applications. Preliminary results from the CDCN and other organizations that have followed its Collaborative Network Approach suggest that this model is generalizable across rare diseases.

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