scholarly journals Biodiversity, richness and spatial distribution of extant Pteridophytes in Kudremukh National Park, Western Ghats, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaiesh Morajkar ◽  
Smitha Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Two Phases

Pteridophyte richness and diversity in Kudremukh National Park (KNP) was assessed using qualitative and quantitative diversity indexing methods, along with the geographic spatial distribution of the extant pteridophyte flora. The field research design employed a stratified random sampling method and was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 included the survey, identification and distribution of the pteridophyte flora and Phase 2 was to study the diversity of the extant pteridophytes throughout the KNP using seven transects. The region exhibited rich and highly diverse (Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index of 3.38), non-homogenous (compared to normal Raunkiaer’s frequency curve) stand of 46 different unevenly (evenness index 0.64) distributed pteridophyte flora. The study region was dominated by two unambiguous pteridophyte species of weedy nature (Pteridium aquilinum and Dicranopteris linearis), with a high Simpson's dominance index of 0.96. The study reports eight endemic, two rare, five at risk and seven vulnerable and near-threatened IUCN listed pteridophyte species in the study region. The quantitative diversity indices i.e. frequency, density, abundance, relative abundance and important value index of each extant pteridophyte is calculated. The study also noted that some endemic species such as Osmunda huegeliana and Cyathea nilgirensis present in KNP needed immediate conservation efforts. This study gives an extensive report on the extant pteridophyte flora of KNP and will help future taxonomic surveys and research, as well as conservation and sustenance measures.

scholarly journals Distance Effects on Diversity and Abundance of the Flower Visitors of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in the Kakamega Forest Ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen K. Mandela ◽  
Mugatsia H. Tsingalia ◽  
Mary Gikungu ◽  
Wilbur M. Lwande
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Kakamega Forest ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Pollination is an important ecosystem service in the maintenance of biodiversity and most importantly in food production. Pollination is on the decline due to habitat loss, exotic species invasions, pollution, overharvesting, and land use changes. This study analyzed the abundance and diversity of flower visitors’ of Ocimum kilimandscharicum in Kakamega forest with increasing distance from the forest edge. Data were collected through direct observation and sweep netting. Six study sites were identified along two transects each 2.5 km long and labeled A to F. Distance in metres from the forest edge to each site was A=221, B=72, C=83, D=198, E=113, and F=50. Sampling was done from 7:30 am to 4:00 pm, three days in a week for five months consecutively. Diversity indices of different flower visitors were calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare differences between sites and a two-sample t-test was used to identify mean significant differences in species diversity between the closest and the furthest sites. A total of 645 individuals belonging to 35 species were captured from 4 families. The highest diversity was at site F (H’= 2.38) which was closest to the forest edge and the lowest diversity was from site A (H’=1.44) which was furthest from the forest edge. Distance from the forest edge significantly influenced species diversity (F(3, 20)=14.67, p=0.024). Distance from the forest edge also significantly influenced species abundance between the furthest sites A, D, and E and the nearest sites F, B, and C to the forest edge (t=4.177; p=0.0312) and species richness (t=3.2893; p=0.0187). This study clearly demonstrates that Ocimum kilimandscharicum flower visitors play essential roles in pollination and their higher number of visits translates into higher numbers of seeds set. Many of these pollinators are associated with the forest and hence the need to conserve the Kakamega forest as a source pool for pollinators.

scholarly journals Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIDA SUSILOWATI ◽  
DENI ELFIATI ◽  
HENTI HENDALSTUTI RACHMAT ◽  
KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA ◽  
ADI NURUL HADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract. Susilowati A, Elfiati D, Rachmat HH, Yulita KS, Hadi AN, Kusuma YS, Batu SAL. 2020. Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3025-3033. Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee Ex K Heyne is a member of Malvaceae tree species and globally recognized as malva nut and locally known as ‘kembang semangkok’, ‘tempayang’, ‘merpayang’ or ‘kepayang’. The nut of S. macropodum has many benefits for medicinal purposes, yet destructive extraction of this tree species has led them to extinction. Among its natural distribution in Indonesia, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia is known as its original range, but there is limited information about the existence of this species. This study aimed to determine the vegetation structure of some tree species in the habitat of S. macropodum in Sikundur, Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive sampling technique was employed by creating line transect at some forest areas where the population of S. macropodum is known to grow naturally. Four line transects with each transect consisting of five plots with nested plots within were established to record data at four growth stages, resulting in 80 plots in total. The results showed that the Important Value Index (IVI) of S. macropodum within the floristic community at the studied area was 21.98, 13.85, 27.30, and 39.60 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H) were 3.80, 3.70, 3.06 and 2.45, Index of evenness (E) are 0.94, 0.92, 0.86, 0.77 and the Index of Richness (R) are 11.76, 10.73, 6.59, 4.10 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages. This result suggests that the natural population of S. macropodum in Sikundur forest was still in good condition at all stages from tree to seedling.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman dan Kemerataan Spesies Anggota Ordo Anura di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi Tahun 2012

Biosfera ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Donan Satria Yudha ◽  
Yonathan Yonathan ◽  
Rury Eprilurahman ◽  
Septiana Indriawan ◽  
Eka Cahyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Evenness Index

Merapi volcano as one of national park is an ecotourism site which is very potential to visit. Information about species diversity for a national park is very important especially if its area fluctuated susceptibly. Two years after 2010 Merapi eruption, there are no research about species diversity and evenness of Anuran in that place. The research is carried out during June-November 2012 which is dry season. The objective of this research is to study the species diversity and evenness of Anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi. The research is carried out in 6 locations; those are Kali Kuning, Telogo Muncar, Telogo Nirmolo, Petak Pitu, Bukit Turgo, and Bukit Plawangan. We used Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method combined with transect in Kali Kuning, Telogo Muncar, and Petak Pitu. VES method combined with time search in Telogo Nirmolo and Bukit Turgo. VES method combined with track exploration in Bukit Plawangan. Species diversity is analyzed with Shanon-Wiener diversity index. Species evenness is analyzed with Pielou evenness index. Total individuals each species is counted to know species abundance. Species diversity of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is consisted of 12 species’ which is distributed in 6 locations. The highest diversity and evenness of anuran is at Bukit Turgo (H’=1.31; E=0.94). The lowest diversity and evenness of anuran is at Petak Pitu (H’=0.49; E=0.3). Species diversity of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is low (Bukit Turgo and Kali Kuning) and very low (Bukit Plawangan, Telogo Muncar, Telogo Nirmolo, and Petak Pitu). Species evenness of anuran in southern slope of Mount Merapi is stable (Telogo Nirmolo and Bukit Turgo), still labil (Bukit Plawangan, Kali Kuning, and Telogo Muncar), and oppressed (Petak Pitu).

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Abundance of Akure Forest Reserve, Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1415-1419
Author(s):  
O.M. Ogundele ◽  
P.O. Ige ◽  
Y.T. Owoeye ◽  
D.E. Abanikanda ◽  
O.O. Komolafe
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Permanent Sample Plot ◽  
Ondo State

This study was carried out to examine the tree species diversity and abundance in a natural forest ecosystem in the Southwestern region of Nigeria. Data were collected from a four equal size sampling plot of 50×50m in a permanent sample plot section of Akure Forest Reserve. All living trees with DBH ≥ 10cm were measured and identified. A total of 956 trees were encountered. These trees were from 42 genera and 20 families. Celtis zenkeri belonging to the family of Ulmaceae was the species with the highest population distribution while Sterculiaceae was the dominant family in the study area. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (Hˈ) of 3.196 and species evenness of 0.84 were obtained from the study area. The high values of diversity indices obtained indicated that the forest is rich in biodiversity and hence should be protected from any forms of disturbance to enhance sustainability as well as protect the rare species in it from going into extinction.

scholarly journals The structure and diversity of vegetation treelets of tropical mountain forest on mount Bawakaraeng

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
M Wiharto ◽  
M Wijaya ◽  
H Lodang ◽  
H Karim
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Reverse Relationship ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Important Value Index

Abstract The study about the diversity and structure of treelet vegetation in three slope areas on the mountainous forest of mount Bawakaraeng, Regency of Gowa, Province of South Sulawesi had been done. There were 17 species of treelets throughout the study area, from 13 families and 16 genera. The Asteraceae family has the highest number of species with 3 species, followed by Fabaceae and Solanaceae which each has 2 species. Pteridium aquilinum, Chromolaena odorata, Breynia oblongifolia, and Pogostemon cablin are the species with the highest important value index. The number of treelet species ranges from 15-16. Treelet species were mostly found in the flat slope area. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) ranges from 2,033-2,161 and was found to be highest on steep slopes and lowest on flat slopes. The H’ has the same tendency as Simpson’s Diversity Index and Evenness Index of Pielou (E) and reverse relationship with Simpson’s Dominance Index.

scholarly journals Occurrence and diversity of microalgae in phytoplankton collected from freshwater community ponds of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Papiya Halder ◽  
Manojit Debnath ◽  
Samit Ray
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Multiple Variables

A study on diversity, seasonal occurrence, distribution percentage of microalgal taxa and physico-chemical parameters of five community ponds, located in Chinsurah town, Hooghly district of West Bengal, has been carried out. Correlation between occurrence of microalgal genera and some parameters of environment, physico-chemical nature of natural water bodies were explored by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Diversity indices have been calculated using PAST software program. A total of 23 microalgal taxa belonging to four algal classes were recorded and the study indicated that the microalgal diversity vary with variation in physico-chemical parameters of water and light intensity. Out of these genera, occurrence of Chodatella sp. in late summer and Tetrallantos sp. and Synechocystis sp. in winter season were specific. In CCA, multiple variables (dissolved oxygen, water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, light intensity and inorganic phosphorous) played a significant role in occurrence of microalgal taxa. Observation concluded that the Chlorophycean members were dominant throughout the study period and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index was highest for a site with large number of Chlorophycean member. This study will help in future to assess water quality.

scholarly journals Feeding Preference and Habitat Association of Defassa Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa) in Nechisar National Park, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gatriay Tut Deng ◽  
Birtukan Tsegaye Demisse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated feeding preference and habitat association of waterbucks in Nechisar National Park from November 2016 to August 2017 by total count and direct observation methods. From this survey, 20 plant species were observed to be the food items consumed by waterbucks. Waterbucks were mostly grazers than browser. The plant species consumed by waterbucks was highly significant between seasons (χ2 = 121.34, df = 1, p < 0.05 ). Out of 20 total plant species consumed, annual grass (11.5%), Leersia virginica (8.4%), and Cynodon dactylon (8.4%) were the most frequently consumed food items, but Tamarindus indica (2.9%), Balanites aegyptica (3.3%), and Acacia polycantha (2.36%) were the least consumed food items. There was significant difference between plant species consumed during both seasons (χ2 = 177.67, df = 19, p < 0.05 ). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index result revealed that there were different varieties of food items for waterbucks in dry season (H’ = 2.9) than in wet season (H’ = 2.6). Young leaves comprised the largest proportion of plant parts consumed by waterbucks compared to others. There was a highly significant difference in feeding plant parts in both seasons (χ2 = 88.5, df = 7, p < 0.05 ). Waterbucks spent more time on feeding in the morning and late afternoon during both seasons. The total number of waterbucks in each habitat varied due to food availability in different seasons. Different conservation measures should be taken against waterbuck reduction and create appropriate environment for waterbuck.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and diversity inventory of macro-benthic fauna in the Indian Sundarban

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susovan Sau ◽  
T.S. Nagesh ◽  
R.K. Trivedi ◽  
T.J. Abraham ◽  
S.K. Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Indian Sundarban

In the present study, an attempt was made to document the spatial distribution and diversity inventory of macro-benthic fauna from 21 sampling stations of the Indian Sundarbanfor a period of six months from November 2014 to April 2015. A total of 1,871 individuals belonging to 35 species were recorded which comprised 12 species of molluscs, 20 species of crustaceans, one species each of xiphosurid, sea anemone and fish. The frequency analysis of species revealed that the most dominant species were Telescopium telescopium and Tubuca rosea among molluscs and crustaceans, respectively. The density analysis of the species showed that Pirenella cingulata and T. rosea had maximum values among molluscs and crustaceans, respectively. The average values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, dominance index and Margalef diversity index were found to be 2.712, 0.888, 0.111 and 4.513, respectively.

Undergrowth phytodiversity index in exotic and indigenous tree plots in Hoteya forest range of Sakhipur upazila under Tangail forest division, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
S. A. Khan ◽  
G. M. Hossain ◽  
M. A.​ Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Exotic Tree

This study was undertaken to know the species diversity of the monoculture plantations of exotic species Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus camadulensis compared to indigenous species Shorea robusta and Mangifera indica. There are 12 sample plots (size 36x36 m) were selected from the study area following the purposive random sampling. A total of 720 quadrats (12 plots x 10 quadrats x 6 seasons) were placed in the sample plots to collect the undergrowth vegetation data over two years of 2010-11 following summer, monsoon and winter season. The average value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.65±0.16 and 3.28±0.13 that of Simpson’s diversity index was 0.87±0.02 and 0.93±0.01 and that of Margalef’s diversity index was 7.34±0.77 and 10.43±0.52 collectively in all exotic and indigenous plots, respectively. This scenario depicts that the extent of species diversity was higher in indigenous tree species plots than in exotic tree plots and the flora of the study area was highly diversified. The Shorea plots were richer in species diversity out of the four species categories of sampling plots. The index values of three diversity indices were significantly different for the exotic and indigenous tree plots, excluding Eucalyptus and Mangifera species plots, which mean the undergrowth species diversity of Eucalyptus and Mangifera species plots, were not significantly different. Adequate awareness building programs need to conduct among the local community and Bangladesh Forest Department to understand environmental degradation, the importance of conservation management of indigenous ‘Sal’ forest and significance of plant diversity in the village forest for future generations.

scholarly journals Diversity, Distribution and Density of Estuarine Phytoplankton in The Sundarban Mangrove Forests, Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz ◽  
Mashrura Rahman ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Sundarban Mangrove ◽  
Estuarine Phytoplankton

Diversity, distribution and density of estuarine phytoplankton from nine sites under four Ranges of the Sundarban Mangrove Forests (SMF), Bangladesh have been studied. The phytoplankton communities represented by 36 species which belonged to Chlorophyceae (3), Euglenophyceae (2), Bacillariophyceae (30) and Xanthophyceae (1). Occurrence of taxa and their densities were highest near the confluence of Hangsha River (R) with the river Murdat at Patcosta. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was also highest (H = 3.494) in this area. Lowest density of phytoplankton and diversity indices (H = 1.661) were found in Bal R., Bisandri Khal and Kalabogi R. Oocystis pusilla, Coscinodiscus excentricus, C. lineatus and Navicula brekkeansis occurred abundantly, while Cyclotella comta, Thalassionema nitzschioides and Lioloma delicatula were common. Coscinodiscus lineatus was distributed in all the nine sites including high and low tides indicating its high capacity to tolerate habitat fluctuations. Chaetoceros socialis was found only in Passur R. with low salinity, conductivity and total dissolved solids. The total numbers of phytoplankton individuals per liter were generally higher during low tide than those of high one. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed the relationship between pH and some species of phytoplankton DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11086 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 87-95, 2012 (June)

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