Allelopathic effect of two medicinal plants on seed germination, seedling growth and grain production of purslane (Portulaca oleraceae L.) weed

A laboratory factorial (2 × 5) experiment was carried out based on completely randomized block in four replications to evaluate the effect of plant species and concentration of their allelopathic extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of purslane weed (Portulaca oleraceae L.). The first factor studied was plant species (Artemisia sieberi and Salvia syriaca) and the second one the concentration percentage of plant ethanol extract (0.0, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %). The effect of Artemisia on germination reduction of purslane was stronger compared to Salvia. The results indicated that higher extract concentration led to decreased germination percentage, germination speed and seedling growth indices of purslane including leaf length, leaf number, leaf width, leaf dry mass, stem mass and stem length. The effect of Artemisia was higher than that of Salvia. In a complementary experiment, the effect plant residues of Artemisia and Salvia (0.0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g kg-1 soil) were evaluated in a factorial experiment base on completely randomized block design with three replications. The results of field experiment showed that plant residues significantly (P ≤ 0.01) reduced capsule number per plant, seed number per capsule, seed production and shoot dry mass, while its effect on 1000-seed mass was not substantial. The effect of plant species and the interaction of plant species and their allelopathic extracts concentration had no major impact on the above-mentioned properties. The increase in plant residues in soil, led to the reduction of growth and seed production of purslane induced by plant number per unit area and capsule per plant. Artemisia sieberi Bess. and Salvia syriaca L. residues can be successfully used for non-chemical control of purslane weed.

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Propagation and Possible Allelopathic Effects of Vernoniazeylanica on Selected Bioassay Species

CORD ◽

10.37833/cord.v36i.428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

S.H.S. Senarathne ◽

S. S. Udumann

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Species ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Test Plant ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Allelopathic Effects

Vernonia zeylanica (L.) belongs to the family Asteraceae, is one of the major endemic weed species present in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) plantations of the tropics, which propagates very easily. There is a possibility that this plant could also possess allelopathic effects, but this has not been scientifically tested. Thus, a study was carried out to determine the seed germination of V. zeylanica under soil moisture stress conditions, shoot propagation methods and possible allopathic effects of this species, on selected species in bioassay tests. Germination of V. zeylanica seeds was not observed at higher osmotic potential (-0.9 MPa). The highest sprouting percentage of this species were obtained with soft wood cuttings. The aqueous leaf extract was highly phytotoxic, and it significantly reduced germination and seedling growth of all bioassay species tested. Full strength (33.3 g L-1) aqueous extracts of leaves significantly reduced the germination percentage, root and hypocotyl growth rates of all species tested. The inhibitory effects were often dependent on concentration. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the test plant species. The seedling emergences of all four tested plants were severally inhibited when planted in V. zeylanica contaminated soil. The results indicated that incorporated aqueous leaf extract of V. zeylanica and its rhizosphere contaminated soil can suppress seed germination, seedling growth and seedling emergence of certain plant species indicating a possible allelopathic effect.

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Preliminary Investigations of Allelopathic Effects and Herbicide-based Eradication of Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora)

Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] ◽

10.24200/squjs.vol24iss1pp11-17 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Salim Al-Abdali ◽

Azan Al-Dhuhli ◽

Hassan Al-Reasi

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Species ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Prosopis Juliflora ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Crop Species ◽

Alien Plant ◽

Invasive Alien Plant ◽

Time Required

Velvet mesquite, locally known as al-ghaf bahri (Prosopis juliflora), is a well-known invasive alien plant species in several regions around the world, including Oman, with various environmental effects. The allelopathic effect of P. juliflora leaves and seed pods on native ghaf (P. cineraria) and a crop species, mung bean (Vigna radiata) was demonstrated. Results indicated that P. juliflora extracts have inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of both species, particularly on P. cineraria when exposed to pod extracts. For eradication experiments, three herbicides (tribenuron methyl, clethodim and 2,4-D & MCPA) were investigated to determine their inhibitory properties on seed germination, and on the growth and development of young seedlings of P. juliflora. Generally, germination time (GT50, time required for 50% of seeds to germinate) and germination percentage (%) indicated that only 2,4-D & MCPA treatment showed a significant effect on inhibiting seed germination and stopping seedling growth relative to the other two herbicides. The effect of 2,4-D & MCPA was supported by significant reduction in above-ground fresh biomass. The data clearly illustrate the potential negative effects of P. juliflora on other plant species and its tolerance of herbicide treatment. On a farm scale, limited application of 2,4-D & MCPA on young P. juliflora seedlings would be recommended as an effective way to limit further spread and distribution and consequently to successfully eliminate this invasive alien plant.

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Allelopathic effect of Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn. on rice (Oryza sativa L.) germination and seedling growth

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.09.p2494 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1450-1455

Author(s):

Ramida Krumsri ◽

Hisashi Kato Noguchi ◽

Thanatsan Poonpaiboonpipat

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Residue ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Equal Concentration

The allelopathic effect of Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn., a broadleaf paddy weed that hinders rice production in Thailand, was investigated. Different parts of S. zeylanica were used to determine their inhibitory effect on seed germination, and shoot and root length of rice in a laboratory. Aqueous extracts of leaves and stems had an inhibitory effect on rice germination and seedling growth more than 50% that of control at concentrations higher than 50 g L-1, whereas all concentrations of root extracts had no effect on rice seeds. At the concentration of 100 g L-1, leaf and stem extracts completely (100%) inhibited rice seed germination. The inhibitory effect was increased with increasing concentrations. Additionally, leaf extracts contained higher total phenolics (7.36 mg GE g-1 DW) and total flavonoids (254.19 µg QE g-1 DW) than extracts of other parts. In glasshouse conditions, soil incorporation with dried whole plant residue had a significant inhibitory effect on rice emergence, seedling height, and dry weight when compared with extracted residue at an equal concentration. The decomposition of S. zeylanica in the soil was also evaluated regarding rice seedling growth. The maximum inhibition was achieved 1-3 days after the application of plant residues. At the 30th day, the inhibition disappeared, suggesting that residue decomposition in the soil has been finished. These results support that S. zeylanica has an allelopathic effect on paddy fields, which may cause a reduction in rice growth and yield.

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Allelopathic Effects of Twelve Hedgerow Plant Species on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum astivum L.)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2767 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 356-360 ◽

pp. 2767-2773 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Hong Wu ◽

Xu Cheng ◽

Qing Nian Cai ◽

Chao Wen Lin

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Species ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Eriobotrya Japonica ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽

Toona Sinensis ◽

Citrus Reticulate

In laboratory bioassay, conducted to study the allelopathic influence of aqueous extracts (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0% concentration) of twelve hedgerow plant species (Amorpha fruticosa L., Citrus reticulate Banco., Coronilla varia L., Eriobotrya japonica Thunb., Eulaliopsis binata Retz., Gynura bicolor DC., Hemerocallis citrine Baroni., Medicago sativa L., Morus alba L., Toona sinensis Roem., Vetiveria zizanioides L., Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb.) which planted in the purple hilly area of Sichuan basin in China was on the germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum astivum L.). At 10.0% concentration, The aqueous extracts of twelve hedgerow plant species significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat except that A. fruticosa, E. binata and V. zizanioides extracts had no effect or slight inhibition on germination of wheat, but the degree of inhibition was species dependent. The allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts from hedgerow plants on wheat was maximum with G. bicolor, H. citrine, C. varia and M. sativa in terms of germination, and G. bicolor , M. sativa, M. alba and H. citrine in terms of shoot length, root length and dry weight, respecitively. The degree of inhibition increased with increase in concentration. Duplication of this work under field conditions is needed, for which the results of this study will form a valuable base.

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Does N deposition mitigate the adverse impacts of drought stress on plant seed germination and seedling growth?

Acta Oecologica ◽

10.1016/j.actao.2020.103650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 103650

Author(s):

Shu Wang ◽

Mei Wei ◽

Bingde Wu ◽

Huiyuan Cheng ◽

Kun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

N Deposition ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Adverse Impacts

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Allelopathic Potency and an Active Substance from Hairy Vetch

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-548 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Weihong Sun ◽

Guofeng Yang ◽

Lili Cong ◽

Juan Sun ◽

Lichao Ma

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Root Length ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Allelopathic Effects

Background: Plant allelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from plants or microorganisms into the environment, may have direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effects on other plants or microorganisms. When plants grow in an unfavorable environment,more allelochemicals will be secreted and the expression of allelopathic effects will increase, giving plants a certain competitive advantage. Hairy vetch is one of the most promising allelopathic crops and the aqueous extract of hairy vetch has an inhibitory effect on the root length and seedling height of grass crops. The current study aimed to study the allelopathic effect of hairy vetch on alfalfa, and exploring an ecological method to remove the root system of alfalfa.Methods: In this experiment, the allelopathic effects of the seeds, stems and leaves, roots extracts and root exudates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg·mL-1) on the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were evaluated. And the main allelopathic substances from the stem and leaf extract were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Result: The results showed that all of the extracts can inhibit alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth and stem and leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effect, especially for inhibiting the root growth. A main allelochemical substance, o-coumaric acid, was screened out and the root length of alfalfa was completely inhibited at 1.6 mg·mL-1 of o-coumaric acid. The findings of these experiments show hairy vetch has strong allelopathic effect on alfalfa and o-coumaric acid is a chemical growth inhibitor.

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Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Parthenium (Parthenium Hysterophorus L.) Parts on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Journal of Agriculture and Crops ◽

10.32861/jac.412.157.163 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Aqueous Extracts

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Effects of hydrogel amendment on water storage of sandy loam and loam soils and seedling growth of barley, wheat and chickpea

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4059-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 463-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

J. Akhter ◽

K. Mahmood ◽

K.A. Malik ◽

A. Mardan ◽

M. Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Species ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Available Water

The hydrogel amendments may improve seedling growth and establishment by increasing water retention capacity of soils and regulating the plants available water supplies, particularly under arid environments. The effects of different levels of a locally prepared hydrogel were studied on the moisture properties of sandy loam and loam soils (fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Haplargids, USDA, Luvic Yermosol, FAO) and on growth response of three plant species, viz. barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Water absorption by gel was rapid and highest in distilled water and was inhibited by an increase in water salinity. The addition of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% hydrogel increased the moisture retention (θr) at field capacity linearly (r = 0.988) and thus the amount of plant available water significantly in both sandy loam and loam soils compared to the untreated soils. Seed germination of wheat and barley was not affected but seedling growth of both species was improved by the gel amendment. In loam soil, seed germination of chickpea was higher with 0.2% gel and seedling growth increased with increase in gel level compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment caused a delay by 4–5 days in wilting of seedlings grown in both soils compared with control conditions. The hydrogel amendment was effective in improving soil moisture availability and thus increased plant establishment. However, the varied responses of plant species in sandy loam and loam soils warrant further studies on the behaviour of different soil types with gel amendments.

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