scholarly journals Morphological and microsatellite analysis of the ancient Montenegrin olive variety ‘Žutica’ revealed different clones

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Mirjana ADAKALIĆ ◽  
Biljana LAZOVIĆ ◽  
Alenka BARUCA ARBEITER ◽  
Matjaž HLADNIK ◽  
Jernej JAKŠE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Olive Variety ◽  
Olive Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

<p>The ‘Žutica’ represents the most common Montenegrin olive varieties mainly used for the production of olive oil and green and black fruit canning. Traditionally, the olive plants have been propagated vegetatively, and a small level of genetic polymorphism is expected among clones of the same variety. This topic was only partially studied in the Montenegrin olive ‘Žutica’. Therefore, this study aimed to determine intra-varietal genetic variability in twenty-three ‘Žutica’ trees selected in situ, analyzing the variability of morphological traits and microsatellites. The Principal Component Analyses (PCA) with six axes explains the total cumulative variance of 91.3 %, with fruit and endocarp traits in the first three PC. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean of twenty morphological traits grouped ‘Žutica’ trees into two clusters and five independent trees. Nine microsatellite primers amplified 31 fragments of which 22 were polymorphic and enabled the detection of nine different microsatellite profiles (potential different clones). A comparison of dendrogram groups based on morphological and microsatellite markers showed low cophenetic values in the determination of intra-varietal variability. The results showed that the old variety ‘Žutica’, from a relatively small geographic region, has a variable genetic base, which could be used in the selection of superior clones.</p>

Molecular and Cytological Comparisons of Chromosomes 7el1, 7el2, 7Ee, and 7Ei Derived from Thinopyrum

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Guo ◽  
Fang He ◽  
Jin-Jin Cai ◽  
Hong-Wei Wang ◽  
An-Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Signal Distribution ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Agronomical Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Thinopyrum chromosomes 7el1, 7el2, 7Ee, and 7Ei, homoeologous to group 7 chromosomes of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), were determined to have many useful agronomical traits for wheat improvement. To analyze the genetic relationships among the 4 Thinopyrum 7E chromosomes, the conserved orthologous set markers, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and meiotic chromosome pairing were used in this study. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages (UPGMA) analysis indicated that 7el1, derived from T. ponticum, and 7Ei, derived from T. intermedium, were the most closely related. 7el2, derived from T. ponticum, was relatively distant from the 7el1-7Ei complex. While 7Ee, derived from T. elongatum, was more distantly related to 7el1, 7el2, and 7Ei. This is the first report showing that 7el1 and 7Ei may be similar, which could be explained by the similar chromosome signal distribution revealed by GISH as well as UPGMA analysis revealed by both molecular markers and the highest frequency of meiotic pairing. The newly developed genome-specific molecular markers may be useful for marker-assisted selection of Lr19, Bdv3, and Fhblop.

scholarly journals Song Structure and Microgeographic Song Variation in Wedge-Tailed Sabrewings (Campylopterus Curvipennis) in Veracruz, Mexico

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementina González ◽  
Juan Francisco Ornelas
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Region ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Complex Signals ◽  
Document Structure ◽  
Song Variation ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Acoustic Variation

AbstractWe studied the songs of Wedge-tailed Sabrewings (Campylopterus curvipennis) in six localities from central Veracruz, Mexico, to document structure and variation within and between singing groups in the same geographic region. Wedgetailed Sabrewing songs were acoustically, structurally, and behaviorally complex, rivaling those of other taxa with complex signals. Songs of individual birds were composed of >45 well-differentiated and structurally complex syllables. We found 239 different syllable types across eight recorded singing groups of Wedge-tailed Sabrewings (∼20 syllable types per singing group), with the greatest versatility recorded in hummingbirds to date. The acoustic variation (15 variables) was summarized in three principal components (58% of acoustic variation), in which intragroup variability accounted for most of the observed variation. We found significant differences between and within groups in terms of syllable sharing (Jaccard’s similarity coefficient). Individuals generally shared >50% of syllable types within groups, whereas syllable sharing was <10% between individuals from different groups. The same microgeographic pattern was supported in a UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean) analysis where individual songs from each singing group clustered separately. However, songs recorded at the same location differed between seasons, which suggests that this species does not exhibit geographically distinct dialects that are consistent across time. The interplay among this species’ social system, distribution of its floral resources, and microgeographic and temporal variation of its song requires further research.

scholarly journals Patterns of prey selection of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse Saussure (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in southern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
MLT. Buschini ◽  
NA. Borba ◽  
AD. Brescovit
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Araucaria Forest ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Trap Nests ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Selection Of

This study was carried out in the Parque Municipal das Araucárias, in the municipality of Guarapuava, southern Brazil. A total of 449 T. lactitarse nests were collected using trap-nests of different diameters. Fifty three species of spiders belonging to 7 families were captured by T. lactitarse. Araneidae was the most captured family and has been strongly represented by the genus Eustala. Through Bray-Curtis's coefficient and the unweighted pair group method average (UPGMA), the spiders species can be divided into 3 groups: the smaller group includes the most abundant species (Eustala sp1, Eustala sp2, Acacesia villalobosi, Alpaida sp1 and Araneus corporosus), the second group includes species with intermediate abundance (Wagneriana iguape, Araneus omnicolor, Eustala sp4, Alpaida grayi, Eustala sp3, Larinia t-notata, Mangora sp1 and Wagneriana iguape), and the third and largest group includes the least abundant species (Aysha gr. brevimana 1, Eustala sp5, Wagneriana eupalaestra, Alpaida scriba, Alpaida veniliae, Araneus aff. omnicolor, Araneus sicki, Eustala sp8, Mangora sp2, Mangora sp3, Wagneriana juquia, Alpaida sp2, Araneus blumenau, Eustala sp6, Eustala sp7 and Ocrepeira galianoae). Of 2,029 identified spiders, 1,171 were captured in the Araucaria forest, 612 in grassland areas and 246 in the swamp. Grassland and swamp areas evidenced greater similarity between them than to the Araucaria Forest, regarding presence-absence of spider species in T. lactitarse's diet, as well as regarding species abundance in these habitats. The juvenile number (56%) was significantly higher than the female (38%) and male (6%) percentages.

The use of RAPD markers to distinguish among juniper and cedar cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hsiang ◽  
Junbin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Juniperus Scopulorum ◽  
Close Relatives

Two species of Chamaecyparis and six cultivars each of Juniperus chinensis L. and Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. (Cupressaceae) were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using seven primers. Unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) and principal component analyses of genetic distances between cultivars showed that 42 polymorphic RAPD bands could distinguish among all cultivars and properly group them by species and genera. Where the origin of a specific juniper cultivar is uncertain, analysis of genetic distance can pinpoint close relatives. For example, we were unable to trace the origin of J. chinensis 'Alps', and we initially thought it was a mislabeled J. chinensis 'Blue Alps'. However, we found 'Alps' to be closer to J. chinensis 'Fairview' and 'Mountbatten' than to 'Blue Alps'. Similarly, 'Wichita Blue' has an unknown origin, but it had the highest genetic similarity with 'Medora'.Key words: juniper, cedar, RAPD, cultivars, phylogenetics.

scholarly journals Discrimination among Cultivars of Cabbage Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1155-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério L. Cansian ◽  
Sergio Echeverrigaray
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Group A

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to discriminate among 16 commercial cultivars of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata Group). A set of 18 decamer primers was selected from 100 random sequences and used to characterize cultivars and to evaluate distances. The selected primers produced 105 (54%) polymorphic bands ranging in size from 100 and 2500 base pairs, out of a total of 195 bands, which allowed for discrimination of all cultivars. Similarity indices between cultivars were computed from RAPD data, and ranged from 0.72 to 0.87 with an average of 0.82. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis revealed two groups, one formed by two cultivars recommended for summer cropping, and the other by 14 cultivars. This large group was additionally divided into two subgroups. RAPD analysis provides a quick and reliable alternative for the identification of cabbage cultivars and for determination of the relationships among them.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Aus Rice Genotypes using ILP Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
MA Siddique ◽  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
MZ Islam ◽  
ESMH Rashid ◽  
MHK Baktiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Intron Length Polymorphism ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Conservation Genetic ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Assessment of genetic diversity is essential for germplasm characterization, utilization and conservation. Genetic diversity of 31 Aus rice genotypes of Bangladesh was assessed using 11 ILP (intron length polymorphism) markers. A total of 28 alleles were detected and the number of alleles per locus varied from 2 (RI01779, RI05751, RI05304, RI03205, RI00299, RI05407) to 4 (RI05559). The PIC values ranged from 0.06 (RI05407) to 0.57 (RI05559) with an average of 0.33. PIC value revealed that RI05559 was the best ILP markers for the studied 31 Aus rice genotypes. The dendrogram from unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average clustering classified the genotypes into five groups at a coefficient of 0.57. Two dimensional graphical views of Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed that the genotypes Kuchmuch, Kalo dhan, Aus dhan, Sadey aus, Chaina and Dighi bawalia were found far away from the centroid of the cluster and can be seslected as parents for further breeding programmes. Parangi and V3, Adubali and H1-2, Begunbichi and Hashikalmi had closest distance (0.000) in the distance matrix might have same genetic background. This information will be useful for the selection of genetically diversed parents and assist in trait development using genotypes in rice breeding programmes in future. The results provided some useful implications for establishment of sovereignty of Bangladeshi rice gene pool. It was also suggested that ILP markers could be very useful for the genetic study and breeding in rice.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(2): 13-19

Morphometric analysis in different geographical populations of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) associated with Apis mellifera colonies in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1915
Author(s):  
Mahsa Farjamfar ◽  
Alireza Saboori ◽  
Jamasb Nozari ◽  
Vahid Hosseininaveh
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Dorsal Shield ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Varroa destructor is a major ectoparasitic mite which feeds on the western honey bee, Apis mellifera hemolymph. Morphometric analysis of V. destructor in Iran was performed in order to detect differences within some populations of the species. Totally, 145 female mites were collected from A. mellifera colonies in different geographical regions in Iran and Europe (Spain and France). Eight morphological variables were measured: 1) length of dorsal shield (LDS), 2) width of dorsal shield (WDS), 3) length of genital shield (LGS), 4) width of genital shield (WGS), 5) length of metapodal shield (LMS), 6) width of metapodal shield (WMS), 7) length of anal shield (LAS) and 8) width of the anal shield (WAS). The ratios of LDS/WDS, WDS/LDS, LGS/WGS and LAS/WAS were also calculated. Multivariate analyses demonstrated significant differences in means of body length (LDS) and body width (WDS) between populations. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis with pair group method, five morphological groups were established. PCA analyses were also shown one morphotype, A3, between samples. Collectively, our findings suggest a wide phenotypic plasticity within the populations of Varroa mite in Iran.

scholarly journals Genomic Variability of Haemophilus influenzae Isolated from Mexican Children Determined by Using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequences and PCR

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2504-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Gomez-De-Leon ◽  
Jose I. Santos ◽  
Javier Caballero ◽  
Demostenes Gomez ◽  
Luz E. Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
Consensus Sequences ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Healthy Carriers

Genomic fingerprints from 92 capsulated and noncapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae from Mexican children with different diseases and healthy carriers were generated by PCR using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences. A cluster analysis by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on the overall similarity as estimated from the characteristics of the genomic fingerprints, was conducted to group the strains. A total of 69 fingerprint patterns were detected in theH. influenzae strains. Isolates from patients with different diseases were represented by a variety of patterns, which clustered into two major groups. Of the 37 strains isolated from cases of meningitis, 24 shared patterns and were clustered into five groups within a similarity level of 1.0. One fragment of 1.25 kb was common to all meningitis strains. H. influenzae strains from healthy carriers presented fingerprint patterns different from those found in strains from sick children. Isolates from healthy individuals were more variable and were distributed differently from those from patients. The results show that ERIC-PCR provides a powerful tool for the determination of the distinctive pathogenicity potentials of H. influenzae strains and encourage its use for molecular epidemiology investigations.

scholarly journals Identification of Copper in Stems and Roots of Jatropha curcas L. by Hyperspectral Imaging

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco García-Martín ◽  
Amanda Teixeira Badaró ◽  
Douglas Fernandes Barbin ◽  
Paloma Álvarez-Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Potential Applications

The in situ determination of metals in plants used for phytoremediation is still a challenge that must be overcome to control the plant stress over time due to metals uptake as well as to quantify the concentration of these metals in the biomass for further potential applications. In this exploratory study, we acquired hyperspectral images in the visible/near infrared regions of dried and ground stems and roots of Jatropha curcas L. to which different amounts of copper (Cu) were added. The spectral information was extracted from the images to build classification models based on the concentration of Cu. Optimum wavelengths were selected from the peaks and valleys showed in the loadings plots resulting from principal component analysis, thus reducing the number of spectral variables. Linear discriminant analysis was subsequently performed using these optimum wavelengths. It was possible to differentiate samples without addition of copper from samples with low (0.5–1% wt.) and high (5% wt.) amounts of copper (83.93% accuracy, >0.70 sensitivity and specificity). This technique could be used after enhancing prediction models with a higher amount of samples and after determining the potential interference of other compounds present in plants.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence among white-type acai palm accessions based on morpho-agronomic characters

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria de Sousa ◽  
Maria do Socorro Padilha de Oliveira ◽  
João Tomé de Farias Neto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
White Type ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to quantify the genetic divergence among accessions of white-type acai palm, through morpho-agronomic characters. The accessions belong to the active acai palm germplasm bank of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Thirteen characters were evaluated in 26 accessions, originated from six municipalities in the state of Pará, Brazil. The data were subjected to deviance and multivariate analyses, based on the average Euclidean distance, and were grouped by Tocher’s method and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The accessions differed for eight characters. The distances among accessions ranged from 0.64 to 2.62, with an average of 1.36, and four groups were formed by Tocher’s method and two by the UPGMA. Seven major components explained 88.03% of the variation, whose graphic dispersion showed the tendency of forming four groups. The characters weight of 100 fruits, number of rachillae per bunch, and fruit yield per bunch contributed the most to the divergence, and the accessions from the municipalities of Breves, Curralinho, and Limoeiro do Ajuru were the most divergent. Therefore, the accessions of white acai palm show strong divergence and variability, which favor the selection of desirable individuals.

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