scholarly journals Air Terminal Design using Photovoltaic Panels with Energy Conservation Optimization Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Bayat ◽  
Seyed Abbas Yazdanfar ◽  
Seyed Bagher Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels

Today, excessive consumption of fossil fuels in architecture, especially air terminals and with the increase in the number of terminals along with population growth, the energy shortage crisis in the not-so-distant future in this high-use structure predicted. Therefore, the present study aims was designing an air terminal using photovoltaic panels with an energy efficiency optimization approach. The most important energy efficiency of the sun is its direct conversion to electricity. One of the systems for direct conversion of energy from radiation to electrical energy is the photovoltaic system. Advantages of using photovoltaic panels have led to the growing use of these plates at various scales. In addition, the use of photovoltaic panels as structural elements in architecture has created innovations in the building industry and has given a new meaning to the architecture. The use of photovoltaics in terminals is a smart method to bring contemporary architecture to a new concept in green architecture. Finally, we can say that photovoltaic module has a double function in the terminal; that is, photovoltaic module also replaces conventional building materials and they produce electricity. By replacing photovoltaics, cost of materials is deducted from the total cost of the building and the cost of the photovoltaic acquisition is partially offset. Such as the integration of photovoltaics with the roof which is the best way to get the maximum efficiency of the system in which the sun is perpendicular to it.

Riqualificazione energetica e bioedilizia in Italia: lo stato dell'arte

2012 ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Livio de Santoli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Water Heaters

Building sustainability, in term of energy efficiency, low-impact building materials, renewable energy, has experienced significant growth during the past years. In response to the growing dependence on fossil fuels and importations, due in part to the increase of energy consumption in the residential sector (in 2009 46,9 Mtep, 3% more than 2008) and the recent European directives (i.e. EU 2009/28/CE) requiring CO2 emissions cut of up to 13% in 2020, there is interest in promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies, which are suitable for residential applications. In this paper we present an overview on actions related to minimization of buildings energy consumption in Italy. Prevalent line of action is to improve the energy performances of building envelope (Dlgs 192/05) using insulated frames, walls and roofs and replacing heat generators with condensing boilers. In addition to national directives, ONRE Report 2011 (National Observatory on building regulations) shows that 831 Municipalities (10% more than 2010) establish mandatory targets for insulation, photovoltaic solar panels, solar water heaters, heat pumps use, correct buildings orientation, saving of water resource and local materials use. In addiction an efficient energy rating of the buildings could promote the spread of energy efficiency measurement and consequently facilitate their implementation. The new energy rating system should meet international standards, regarding environment and energy aspects, and respect territorial needs.

scholarly journals An Efficient Microcontroller Based Sun Tracker Control for Solar Cell Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2743
Author(s):  
E.M.H. Arif ◽  
J. Hossen ◽  
G. Ramana Murthy ◽  
Jesmeen M. Z. H. ◽  
J. Emerson Raja
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Control System ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Cell Systems

<p>The solar energy is fast becoming a different means of electricity resource. Now in world Fossil fuels are seriously depleting thus the need for another energy source is a necessity. To create effective utilization of its solar, energy efficiency must be maximized. An attainable way to deal with amplifying the power output of sun-powered exhibit is by sun tracking. This paper presents the control system for a solar cell orientation device which follows the sun in real time during daytime.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of an aluminium concentrator corrosion on the output characteristic of a photovoltaic system

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Mota ◽  
João Paulo Neto Torres ◽  
Carlos A. Ferreira Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Laboratory Experiences ◽  
Solar Rays

AbstractThe climate changes observed over the last decades have been promoting a massive transformation on the energy sector, that is still, in truth highly dependent on fossil fuels. Renewable energies are a plausible alternative, because they have lower emissions of toxic gases in comparison with non-renewable ones. In the group of renewable energies, solar technology has the biggest overall potential, mainly because it is cheap and easy to set. Several solar technologies allow to equip their photovoltaic panels with concentrators, mostly to increase the output power and possibly their efficiency. However, some problems related to the use of concentrators have to be dealt in order to improve the entire photovoltaic system performance. One of these issues is the corrosion of the concentrators, leading to a premature ageing and, consequently an increase in maintenance costs. This problem is going to be analysed in this paper, presenting some simulation from a ray traicing software and also some experimental results, from our own laboratory experiences. The used software allows to trace the solar rays of the concentrator, in order to assess the effect of the defects caused by corrosion due to the ambient circumstances. After it, experimental results will help to analyse this effect and to prove simulation ones.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Atomic Nuclei

Our standard of living depends on transforming energy locked up in fossil fuels, atomic nuclei or provided free of charge by the sun and wind into a form that we can use. That transformation of energy is governed by fundamental physics and chemistry. This book is for those who want to understand more about where the energy we use comes from, and how it gets used. It lays out the simple physics behind our use of energy....

scholarly journals Edible Energy Production and Energy Return on Investment—Long-Term Analysis of Global Changes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Joanna Łukasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Energy Return On Investment

The projected increase in the world’s population requires an increase in the production of edible energy that would meet the associated increased demand for food. However, food production is strongly dependent on the use of energy, mainly from fossil fuels, the extraction of which requires increasing input due to the depletion of the most easily accessible deposits. According to numerous estimations, the world’s energy production will be dependent on fossil fuels at least to 2050. Therefore, it is vital to increase the energy efficiency of production, including food production. One method to measure energy efficiency is the energy return on investment (EROI), which is the ratio of the amount of energy produced to the amount of energy consumed in the production process. The literature lacks comparable EROI calculations concerning global food production and the existing studies only include crop production. The aim of this study was to calculate the EROI of edible crop and animal production in the long term worldwide and to indicate the relationships resulting from its changes. The research takes into account edible crop and animal production in agriculture and the direct consumption of fossil fuels and electricity. The analysis showed that although the most underdeveloped regions have the highest EROI, the production of edible energy there is usually insufficient to meet the food needs of the population. On the other hand, the lowest EROI was observed in highly developed regions, where production ensures food self-sufficiency. However, the changes that have taken place in Europe since the 1990s indicate an opportunity to simultaneously reduce the direct use of energy in agriculture and increase the production of edible energy, thus improving the EROI.

scholarly journals Improving Energy Efficiency Fairness of Wireless Networks: A Deep Learning Approach

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoon Lee ◽  
Han Seung Jang ◽  
Bang Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Maximization Problem ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Conventional Optimization

Achieving energy efficiency (EE) fairness among heterogeneous mobile devices will become a crucial issue in future wireless networks. This paper investigates a deep learning (DL) approach for improving EE fairness performance in interference channels (IFCs) where multiple transmitters simultaneously convey data to their corresponding receivers. To improve the EE fairness, we aim to maximize the minimum EE among multiple transmitter–receiver pairs by optimizing the transmit power levels. Due to fractional and max-min formulation, the problem is shown to be non-convex, and, thus, it is difficult to identify the optimal power control policy. Although the EE fairness maximization problem has been recently addressed by the successive convex approximation framework, it requires intensive computations for iterative optimizations and suffers from the sub-optimality incurred by the non-convexity. To tackle these issues, we propose a deep neural network (DNN) where the procedure of optimal solution calculation, which is unknown in general, is accurately approximated by well-designed DNNs. The target of the DNN is to yield an efficient power control solution for the EE fairness maximization problem by accepting the channel state information as an input feature. An unsupervised training algorithm is presented where the DNN learns an effective mapping from the channel to the EE maximizing power control strategy by itself. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed DNN-based power control method performs better than a conventional optimization approach with much-reduced execution time. This work opens a new possibility of using DL as an alternative optimization tool for the EE maximizing design of the next-generation wireless networks.

Microcontroller Based Single Axis Intelligent Control Sun Tracker for Parabolic Trough Collectors

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 1772-1775
Author(s):  
Shakeel Akram ◽  
Farhan Hameed Malik ◽  
Rui Jin Liao ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Tariq Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Parabolic Trough

Due to the complex design and high costs of production, solar thermal systems have fallen behind in the world of alternative energy systems. Different mechanisms are applied to increase the efficiency of the solar collectors and to reduce the cost. Solar tracking system is the most appropriate technology to increase the efficiency of solar collectors as well as solar power plants by tracking the sun timely. In order to maximize the efficiency of collectors, one needs to keep the reflecting surface of parabolic trough collectors perpendicular to the sun rays. For this purpose microcontroller based real time sun tracker is designed which is controlled by an intelligent algorithm using shadow technique. The aim of the research project is to test the solar-to-thermal energy efficiency by tracking parabolic trough collector (PTC). The energy efficiency is determined by measuring the temperature rise of working fluid as it flows through the receiver of the collector when it is properly focused. The design tracker is also simulated to check its accuracy. The main purpose to design this embedded system is to increase the efficiency and reliability of solar plants by reducing size, complexity and cost of product.

scholarly journals A Study of the Electrical Output and Reliability Characteristics of the Crystalline Photovoltaic Module According to the Front Materials

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Jong Rok Lim ◽  
Woo Gyun Shin ◽  
Chung Geun Lee ◽  
Yong Gyu Lee ◽  
Young Chul Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Film ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Reliability Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Output

In recent years, various types of installations such as floating photovoltaic (PV) and agri-voltaic systems, and BIPV (building integrated photovoltaic system) have been implemented in PV systems and, accordingly, there is a growing demand for new PV designs and materials. In particular, in order to install a PV module in a building, it is important to reduce the weight of the module. The PV module in which low-iron, tempered glass is applied to the front surface, which is generally used, has excellent electrical output and reliability characteristics; however, it is heavy. In order to reduce the weight of the PV module, it is necessary to use a film or plastic-based material, as opposed to low-iron, tempered glass, on the front surface. However, if a material other than glass is used on the front of the PV module, various problems such as reduced electrical output and reduced reliability may occur. Therefore, in this paper, a PV module using a film instead of glass as the front surface was fabricated, and a characteristic analysis and reliability test were conducted. First, the transmittance and UV characteristics of each material were tested, and one-cell and 24-cell PV modules were fabricated and tested for electrical output and reliability. From the results, it was found that the transmittance and UV characteristics of the front material were excellent. In addition, the electrical output and reliability test results confirmed that the front-surface film was appropriate for use in a PV module.

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