Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
Atomic Nuclei

Our standard of living depends on transforming energy locked up in fossil fuels, atomic nuclei or provided free of charge by the sun and wind into a form that we can use. That transformation of energy is governed by fundamental physics and chemistry. This book is for those who want to understand more about where the energy we use comes from, and how it gets used. It lays out the simple physics behind our use of energy....

Fusion in the Sun

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Dense Plasma ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Proton Fusion ◽  
Schrödinger's Equation ◽  
Simplified Formula

Protons in the Sun’s core are a dense plasma allowing fusion events where two protons initially join to produce a deuteron. Eventually this leads to alpha particles, the mass-four nucleus of helium, releasing kinetic energy. Schrodinger’s equation allows particles to penetrate classically forbidden Coulomb barriers with small but important probabilities. The approximation known as Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) is used by Gamow to predict the rate of proton–proton fusion in the Sun, shown to be in agreement with measurements. A simplified formula is given for the power density due to fusion in the plasma constituting the Sun’s core. The properties of atomic nuclei are briefly summarized.

scholarly journals Solar Tracker

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Irfan Danial Hashim ◽  
Ammar Asyraf Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Arief Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Rotation Of The Earth

Solar Tracker The generation of power from the reduction of fossil fuels is the biggest challenge for the next half century. The idea of converting solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels holds its place in the front row compared to other renewable sources. But the continuous change in the relative angle of the sun with reference to the earth reduces the watts delivered by solar panel. Conventional solar panel, fixed with a certain angle, limits their area of exposure from the sun due to rotation of the earth. Output of the solar cells depends on the intensity of the sun and the angle of incidence. To solve this problem, an automatic solar cell is needed, where the Solar Tracker will track the motion of the sun across the sky to ensure that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day. By using Light Dependent Resistors, it will navigate the solar panel to get the best angle of exposure of light from the sun.

Renewables

Energy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Goldemberg
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
The Sun

What are renewables? Renewables, by definition, are forms of energy that are not exhaustible, as are fossil fuels. All renewables originate in the Sun and will last as long as the Sun itself. Most of them, such as wind, waves, hydroelectric, solar thermal, and...

The Siren Song of Renewable Energy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy Needs

Renewable energy from the sun—which includes solar, wind, and water energy— can meet all of our energy needs and will allow us to eliminate our dependence on fossil fuels for electricity production. At least, that is the “Siren song” that seduces many people. Amory Lovins, the head of the Rocky Mountain Institute, has been one of the strongest proponents of getting all of our energy from renewable sources (what he calls “soft energy paths”) (1) and one of the most vociferous opponents of nuclear power. A recent article in Scientific American proposes that the entire world’s needs for power can be supplied by wind, solar, and water (2). Is this truly the nirvana of unlimited and pollution-free energy? Can we have our cake and eat it, too? Let’s take a critical look at the issues surrounding solar and wind power. Let me be clear that I am a proponent of solar energy. I built a mountain cabin a few years ago that is entirely off the grid. All of the electricity comes from solar photovoltaic (PV) panels with battery storage. The 24 volt DC is converted to AC with an inverter and is fed into a conventional electrical panel. It provides enough energy to power the lights, run a 240 volt, three-quarter horsepower water pump 320 feet deep in the well, and electrical appliances such as a coffee pot, toaster, and vacuum cleaner. But I am not implying that all of my energy needs come from solar. The big energy hogs—kitchen range, hot water heater, and a stove in the bedroom—are all powered with propane. Solar is not adequate to power these appliances. In 2010 I also had a 2.5 kW solar PV system installed on my house that ties into the utility grid. When the sun is shining, I use the electricity from the solar panels, and if I use less than I generate, it goes out on the grid to other users. If it does not produce enough for my needs, then I buy electricity from the grid.

scholarly journals The Systematic Study of the Feasible Photovoltaics in Eastern Kentucky

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Eastern Kentucky ◽  
Run Off

Photovoltaics (PV-also called solar photovoltaic devices) are used to harness the power of the sun via the electronic process that occurs within semiconductor cells. The solar energy is absorbed by the cells, which causes the electrons to break away from their atoms, allowing them to flow within the material to produce electricity. This electricity will become the renewable energy for Kentucky, as the generation of coal will but come to a stop within the near future. Like Denmark who is running on 100% renewable generation we must stride to become fully operational on solar. In the present work, we systematically studied about renewable energy resources, in particular, solar energy for the application of photovoltaic panels in Eastern Kentucky. By analyzing data from our PV cells at Morehead State University designed to follow the direction of the sun for optimized output and by incorporating MPPT charge controllers, we have constructed a maximum power algorithm that performs best for the location. Utilizing these, measurements of daily electricity production in comparison to the average power needed for household use has validated our research. With the advancements in solar cell technology what was once impossible is now reality, as solar power can easily power this region based on our data. Knowing this, being a prime location we can now push to enable the advancement of renewable energy production and become less dependent on fossil fuels, thus creating an infrastructure that will run off solar power.

scholarly journals Development of A Flat Plate Solar Store

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-85
Author(s):  
Oluwasegun M. Ayoola ◽  
Olawale J. Abidakun ◽  
Taofeeq O. Olajire ◽  
Oluwatimilehin E. Oluwajire ◽  
Adekoya Oluwaseun Abiodun
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Drying Chamber

<p>The most noteworthy advantage of solar power as compared to other forms of energy is that it is clean and might be supplied with no contamination to the environment. Over the past centuries, it is believed that energy from fossil fuels is less expensive and more helpful than energy from other sources. This research thus results to the successful fabrication of a solar dryer with tests distributed for various performance comparisons like No-load and load performance of the dryer. Direct sun-drying comparisons depicted discernable contrasts within the final moisture content specified. The utmost temperature recorded within the drying chamber and solar dish for No-load are 44.5  and 52  respectively. Whereas when the cupboard is loaded, the highest temperature of 34.5  and least temperature of 23   are recorded. An average temperature of 27  was obtained, thereby giving the solar dryer an exegetic efficiency between 70% and 80%. Performances of the tests were done from 9am to 5pm. The solar store that was designed to heat to the drying chamber within the night was found to possess its most elevated temperature at 43 . These performance results were achievable due to daily precipitation, and in some cases, cloudy days when the sun was not shining at its peak. The load outcome was done with red-sweet pepper and yam food items.</p>

scholarly journals Solar Flower for Power Generation with Ability to Generate at Night

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1579-1585
Author(s):  
Dr. Akhilendra Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Artificial Light Source ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Generation Capacity

Today energy is the principle idea for socio-economic development. But because of incremental charge of environmental difficulty renewable strength offer a tremendous interest. This opportunity strength supply is constantly achieving more recognition because of non-stop discount in fossil fuels. It is the strength comes from solar, wind, rain etc. Among the non-conventional, renewable sources, sun power presents notable capability for conversion into electric power. Maximizing strength output from a sun is appropriate to growth efficiency. In order to maximize strength output, wishes to hold the panels aligned with the solar. This paper focuses with the generation capacity of solar energy during day time and as well as during night time. The proposed model guarantees the optimization of the conversion of sun energy into electrical energy via means of properly setting up the panel according with the input of artificial light source in night time and at the same time to that of the sun position during day time. An experimental prototype was built and results have proven the good performance. In future higher efficiencies of solar panels will prove a golden way in generation of solar power 4 times the input in the night time.

scholarly journals Wave and tidal energy: the potential for extraction of sustainable energy from the ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Finnigan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Global Population

The ocean represents an enormous store of renewable energy – far more than could ever be used by the global population. The challenge is: how do we go about extracting this energy in a sustainable and economical way? It is the sun and the moon that give us this energy, in the form of waves, tides and thermal gradients. The amount of energy stored in the ocean, and continually replenished by the sun and moon, is well quantified, and certifiably massive. Despite decades of effort, attempts to extract meaningful quantities of energy from these ocean sources continue to be met with monumental challenges. Given the anticipated growth in energy demand, and continuing concern with the use of fossil fuels, it is now time to push through the barriers. The most widespread and easily tapped sources of ocean energy are surface waves and tidal currents. This presentation will focus on these two sources only.

scholarly journals A Review of Solar Still Assessment with Various PCM Materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Pradeep Sen ◽  
Prof. Pankaj Badgaiyan ◽  
Prof. Bharat Girdhani ◽  
Prof. Shamir Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shallow Basin

Solar distillation purifies water by transferring sun's heat to a simple device. A shallow basin with a glass shield makes up the majority of the system, which is usually referred to as a solar even now. Evaporation takes place when the pool water is heated by the sun. Humidity rises, condenses on the shield, and drips into a drip tray, leaving salts, minerals, as well as the majority of contaminants behind. The oceans, that have a high salinity, are now the only nearly inexhaustible source of water supply.Separating salts from seawater, on the other hand, necessitates a huge amount of energy, that also, when derived from fossil fuels, can be destructive to the environment. As a result, desalination of seawater must be done using environmentally friendly energy sources. PCM which are solar,  are widely used to store solar radiation during the day and release it in the evening, in a wide range of solar applications

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Earth System ◽  
System Quantum ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Earth Temperature

An introduction to long-term climate-neutral energy makes clear that most arises from the Sun or the motions of the Sun-Earth system. Quantum physics is an essential part of understanding the Sun’s energy source, nuclear fusion. The expected depletion times of oil and other fossil fuels are discussed. The most recent 500,000 years of Earth temperature and sea level are surveyed and shown to correlate closely with carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. Sea level and temperature are correlated and move together on time scales of five thousand years. The definition of sustainable energy, the topic of this textbook, is very straightforward. This is the energy that will be available on (after) a timescale set by the earliest benchmarks of our civilization, let us say the timescale of the earliest pyramids or the Chinese Wall, visible from space.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document