scholarly journals Invasive bacterial diseases in northern Canada, 1999 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
Grace Huang ◽  
Irene Martin ◽  
Raymond S Tsang ◽  
Walter H Demczuk ◽  
Gregory J Tyrrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Group A ◽  
Serotype B ◽  
Group B

Background: The International Circumpolar Surveillance (ICS) program conducts surveillance on five invasive bacterial diseases: pneumococcal disease (IPD), group A streptococcus (iGAS), Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), meningococcal disease (IMD) and group B streptococcus (GBS). Invasive bacterial diseases have a higher burden of disease in northern populations than the rest of Canada. Methods: To describe the epidemiology of invasive bacterial diseases in northern Canada from 1999 to 2018, data for IPD, iGAS, Hi, IMD and GBS were extracted from the ICS program and the Canadian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (CNDSS) and analyzed. Results: The annualized incidence rates for IPD, iGAS, Hi, GBS and IMD were 23.3, 10.5, 8.9, 1.9 and 1.1 per 100,000 population, respectively. The incidence of IPD, iGAS and Hi serotype b were 2.8, 3.2 and 8.8 times higher, respectively, in northern Canada than in the rest of Canada. Rates of disease decreased statistically significantly for IPD (β=−0.02) and increased statistically for iGAS (β=0.08) and Hi serotype a (β=0.04) during the study period. In Northern Canada, the annualized incidence rates for IPD, iGAS and Hi were statistically higher for Indigenous residents than for non-Indigenous residents. The highest incidence rates were among the very young and older age groups. Conclusion: Invasive bacterial diseases represent a high burden of disease in Canada’s northern populations. Indigenous peoples, children and seniors are particularly at risk.

Group B Streptococcal Infections: An Obstetrical Viewpoint

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
JOHN W. LARSEN ◽  
SHARON L. DOOLEY
Keyword(s):  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Group A ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Group B

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) was first identified as a cause of puerperal sepsis during the late 1930s. However, concern regarding GBS was diminished in part by the greater pathogenicity of the group A Streptococcus, which was described in the same studies. Clinical research regarding GBS infections resumed during the 1960s. Data regarding the perinatal transmission of GBS have now accumulated to an extent that education of all obstetric and pediatric care providers is imperative. During the past 2 years, committees of both the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) have considered the issues of perinatal transmission of GBS. Each group had input from the other by a series of meetings and document exchanges.

scholarly journals The Relevance of IL-1-Signaling in the Protection against Gram-Positive Bacteria

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Angelina Midiri ◽  
Giuseppe Mancuso ◽  
Concetta Beninati ◽  
Elisabetta Gerace ◽  
Carmelo Biondo
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Deficient Mice

Previous studies performed using a model of group B streptococcus (GBS)-induced peritoneal inflammation indicate that the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family plays an important role in the innate host defense against this encapsulated Gram-positive bacteria. Since the role of IL-1-dependent signaling in peritoneal infections induced by other Gram-positive bacteria is unknown, in the present study we sought to investigate the contribution of IL-1R signaling in host defenses against Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus or GAS) or Staphylococcus aureus, two frequent and global human Gram-positive extracellular pathogens. We analyzed here the outcome of GAS or S. aureus infection in IL-1R-deficient mice. After inoculated intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation with group A Streptococcus or S. aureus, all the wild-type (WT) control mice survived the challenge, while, respectively, 63% or 50% of IL-1-defective mice died. Lethality was due to the ability of both bacterial species to replicate and disseminate to the target organs of IL-1R-deficient mice. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that IL-1 signaling promotes the production of leukocyte attractant chemokines CXCL-1 and CXCL-2 and recruitment of neutrophils to bacterial infection sites. Accordingly, the reduced neutrophil recruitment in IL-1R-deficient mice was linked with decreased production of neutrophil chemokines. Collectively, our findings indicate that IL-1 signaling, as previously showed in host defense against GBS, plays a fundamental role also in controlling the progression and outcome of GAS or S. aureus disease.

Two cases of group A streptococcal vulvovaginitis in premenopausal adults in a sexual health setting

Sexual Health ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Bray ◽  
Jane Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Two cases of group A streptococcus (GAS) causing vulvovaginitis in premenopausal adults are described. A review of the literature of genital GAS is made, as this is an uncommon cause of vulvovaginitis in premenopausal adults. Contrasts are made between anogenital carriage of GAS and group B streptococcus (GBS) to highlight the differences in anogenital carriage between these two organisms.

scholarly journals 1625. Risk of Invasive Group A Streptococcus, Group B Streptococcus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness—Anchorage, Alaska, 2002–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S593-S593
Author(s):  
Emily Mosites ◽  
Tammy Zulz ◽  
Dana Bruden ◽  
Leisha Nolen ◽  
Anna Frick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
General Population ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Homeless Population ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background People experiencing homelessness (PEH) have an increased risk of infectious disease. However, for many infections, this increased risk has not been clearly quantified. For example, the risk of invasive streptococcal infection has not been established among PEH in the United States. Methods We compared the incidence of detected cases of invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection, group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) infection among adult PEH to that in the general adult population in Anchorage, Alaska from 2005 through 2015 using data from the CDC Arctic Investigations Program surveillance system, the US census, and the Anchorage Point in Time count (PIT [a yearly census of PEH]). Results During 2005–2015, the PIT counted a mean number of 970 adults (minimum 795, maximum 1486) in Anchorage who were homeless, which accounted for 0.4% of the total population. Compared with the general population, PEH were 53 times as likely to have invasive GAS infection (95% CI 47–61), 7 times as likely to have invasive GBS infection (95% CI 6, 8), and 36 times as likely to have invasive pneumococcal infection (95% CI 33, 40). Of all invasive GAS cases in Anchorage over the time period, 19% occurred within the homeless population, while 3% of invasive GBS cases and 14% of invasive pneumococcal cases were within the homeless population. Additionally, the predominant subtypes of GAS and pneumococcus differed among PEH compared with the general population. Conclusion A disproportionate burden of invasive streptococcal disease in Anchorage was detected among PEH, indicating a need for further focus on this high-risk group. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Hypercoagulable State in the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit, an Animal Model for the Progression of Atherosclerosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Mori ◽  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Yutaka Nagano ◽  
Katsumi Deguch ◽  
Toru Kita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hyperlipidemic Rabbit ◽  
Group B ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

SummaryBlood coagulation in a strain of rabbits designated as Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits was examined. The activities of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, contact factors and clotting factor VIII (F VIII) and the fibrinogen level were significantly higher in WHHL rabbits than in normolipidemic rabbits (all age groups). Values for vitamin Independent clotting factor were already higher at 2 months of age. Contact factors and fibrinogen levels increased age after 5 to 8 months. F VIII increased between 5 and 8 months and then decreased. At 2 months of age, WHHL rabbits were divided into two groups. Group A was fed standard rabbit chow and group B standard rabbit chow containing 1% probucol. Probucol prevented the progression of atherosclerosis in group B in the absence of a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol level. F VIII and fibrinogen levels were statistically decreased in all rabbits at all ages in group B (P<0.05). These differences in clotting factors between the two groups were most obvious at 8 months (P<0.02).We conclude that vitamin K-dependent clotting factors may increase with hyperlipemia and that increases in F VIII and fibrinogen may be closely related to the progression of throm- boatherosclerosis.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Histological Study of Human Thyroid Gland Relative Proportion of Parenchyma and Stroma in Thyroid Glands of Bangladeshi People

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Md Enayet Ullah ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Rubina Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath

Deep cervical fascia forms a connective tissue sheath around the thyroid gland. Delicate trabeculae and septa penetrate the gland indistinctly dividing the gland into lobes and lobules which in turn composed of follicles.1,2,3 These follicles are structural units of thyroid gland which varies greatly in size and shape.4 The number of follicles varies in different age groups. The study was carried out to see the percentage of area occupied by follicles in the stained section of thyroid glands in different age groups. The collected samples were grouped as A (3.5 – 20yrs), B (21- 40yrs) & C (41 – 78yrs). Percentage of area occupied by follicles was (58.55±10.72) in group A, (63.79±12.35) in group B + (63.39±8.29) in group C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13981 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 17-20

An Emerging Infection: Streptococcal Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome Caused By Group B Streptococcus (GBS), Streptococcus Agalactiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S140-S140
Author(s):  
F Rajack ◽  
A Afsari ◽  
A M Ramadan ◽  
T J Naab
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction/Objective Streptococcus agalactiae, Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and infections in pregnant women. However, incidence of invasive GBS infections has more than doubled in the last two decades with highest risk in adults 65 years or older. Other risk factors are diabetes, malignancy, and immunocompromised state. Bacteremia and skin soft tissue infections are the most common invasive infections in nonpregnant adults. Rarely GBS infection has a fulminating pyrogenic exotoxin-mediated course characterized by acute onset, multiorgan failure, shock, and sometimes death, referred to as toxic shock-like syndrome. Methods A 77-year-old hypertensive female with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of bilateral foot ulcers presented to the hospital in probable septic shock. Clinical diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was made and she underwent bilateral lower limb amputations. Results Grossly soft tissue appeared gray. Microscopically fascia was necrotic without neutrophils present and Gram stain revealed sheets of Gram positive cocci. These findings reflected histopathologic Stage III necrotizing fasciitis, which is associated with 47% mortality. Autopsy showed a similar histology of Stage III necrotizing fasciitis involving the surgical stump. Erythema and desquamation of the upper limbs bilaterally and multi-organ failure met the clinical picture of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) and fulfilled the criteria for TSS due to Group A Streptococcus (GAS), defined by The Working Group on Severe Streptococcal Infections. Conclusion Group B Streptococcal Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome may have a similar outcome to STSS caused by GAS and other pathogens and, in limited studies, mortality has been 30% or greater.

scholarly journals A study of crystalluria: effectiveness of including hygienic-dietary recommendations in laboratory reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Sienes Bailo ◽  
María Santamaría González ◽  
Silvia Izquierdo Álvarez ◽  
Raquel Lahoz Alonso ◽  
Patricia Serrano Frago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Renal Colic ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objectives To assess the effectiveness of incorporating hygienic-dietary recommendations in laboratory reports in reducing the incidence of renal colic (RC). A study was performed to compare the incidence of RC in two groups of patients who had suffered at least a crystalluria event associated with the risk of urolithiasis. Recommendations were only incorporated in the laboratory reports of one group. Methods A retrospective observational study. The study sample was composed of patients who had at least an episode of crystalluria associated with a higher risk of urolithiasis. The laboratory reports of patients in Group A (n=1,115), treated in 2017, did not include any hygienic-dietary recommendations, whereas patients in Group B (n=1,692), treated in 2018, received hygienic-dietary recommendations through their laboratory reports. χ2 and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess differences based on sex, age, and type of urinary crystals. Results The incidence of RC was 2.02 times higher in group A (2.24%) than in group B (1.12%). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of RC based on the type of urinary crystal. The incidence of RC was substantially higher in patients who suffered at least an event of crystalluria associated with a higher risk for urolithiasis as compared to the general population during the same period (0.46%, consistently with the incidence rates reported in the literature). Conclusions The incorporation of messages alerting on the risk of urolithiasis and the inclusion of hygienic-dietary recommendations in laboratory reports may be useful for reducing the incidence of RC.

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