scholarly journals Marx the Fichtean

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
Tom Rockmore
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Contribution

We ignore the history of philosophy at our peril. Engels, who typically conflates Marx and Marxism, points to the relation of Marxism to the tradition while also denying it. In his little book on Feuerbach, Engels depicts Feuerbach as leading Marx away from Hegel, away from classical German philosophy, away from philosophy and towards materialism and science. This view suggests that Marx is at best negatively related to Classical German philosophy, including Hegel. Yet Engels elsewhere suggests that Marx belongs to the classical German philosophical tradition. In the preface to Socialism, Utopian and Scientific, Engels wrote: “We German socialists are proud that we trace our descent not only from Saint Simon, Fourier and Owen, but also from Kant, Fichte and Hegel” (Marx & Engels, Collected Works). In this paper I will focus on Marx’s relation to Fichte. This relation is rarely mentioned in the Marxist debate, but I will argue, it is crucial for the formulation of Marx’s position, and hence for assessing his contribution accurately. One of the results of this study will be to indicate that Marx, in reacting against Hegel, did not, as is often suggested, ‘leave’ philosophy, but in fact made a crucial philosophical contribution.

Spiritual Crisis of the Beginning of the 20th Century: From Philosophical to Religious Interpretations

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Koltsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Spiritual Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The One

The paper is an attempt to narrow down the notion of spiritual crisis which is now widely applied in research on history of culture of the 19th–20th centuries, with respect to history of German philosophy and observation of modern reli­giosity. The shift from the history of philosophy to the religious context is ful­filled through analysis of texts of two religious thinkers, A. Reinach and S. Frank, whose thought clearly demonstrates strong interconnection between the both fields. Analysis of contemporary studies on history of phenomenological philos­ophy (C. Möckel and W. Gleixner) lets firstly observe ways of application of Koselleck’s notion of crisis to investigations in the history of philosophy. Sec­ondly it discovers two possibilities of philosophical contextualization of the con­cept of spiritual crisis – on the one hand, as a constituent rhetorical element of the philosophical statement (Möckel), on the other hand, as a term which de­scribes the uniqueness of an intellectual situation of the beginning of the 20thcentury (Gleixner). Then these aspects of the rhetoric of crisis are applied to reli­gious philosophy of Reinach and Frank, what leads to interpretation of their works as a particular statement discovering the divine (or the holy) as a new cat­egory of religious consciousness.

“Imperfect Discretion”: Interventions into the History of Philosophy by Twentieth-Century French Women Philosophers

Hypatia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-180
Author(s):  
Penelope Deutscher
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Feminist Issue ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women Philosophers

How might we locate originality as emerging from within the “discrete” work of commentary? Because many women have engaged with philosophy informs (including commentary) that preclude their work from being seen as properly “original,” this question is a feminist issue. Via the work of selected contemporary French women philosophers, the author shows how commentary can reconfigure the philosophical tradition in innovative ways, as well as in ways that change what counts as philosophical innovation.

scholarly journals Hegel, Feminist Philosophy, and Disability: Rereading our History

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canonical Texts

<p class="NoSpacing"><span lang="EN-CA">Although feminist philosophers have been critical of the gendered norms contained within the history of philosophy, they have not extended this critical analysis to norms concerning disability. In the history of Western philosophy, disability has often functioned as a metaphor for something that has gone awry. This trope, according to which disability is something that has gone wrong, is amply criticized within Disability Studies, though not within the tradition of philosophy itself or even within feminist philosophy. In this paper, I use one instance of this disability metaphor, contained within a passage from Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel&rsquo;s <em>Philosophy of Right</em>, in order to show that paying attention to disability and disability theory can enable identification of ableist assumptions within the tradition of philosophy and can also open up new interpretations of canonical texts. On my reading, whereas Hegel&rsquo;s expressed views of disability are dismissive, his logic and its treatment of contingency offer up useful ways to situate and re-evaluate disability as part of the concept of humanity. Disability can in fact be useful to Hegel, especially in the context of his valorization of experiences of disruption and disorientation. Broadening our understanding of the possible ways that the philosophical tradition has conceived human beings allows us to better draw on its theoretical resources.&nbsp;</span></p><p class="NoSpacing">&nbsp;</p><p class="NoSpacing"><span lang="EN-CA">Keywords: Hegel; contingency; history of philosophy; feminist Hegel scholarship</span></p><p class="NoSpacing"><span lang="EN-CA"><br /></span></p>

scholarly journals Institutionalisation of Research Achievements of the Institute of Philosophy in Educational Practices: experience of the «Kyiv School of Philosophy»

2021 ◽  
Vol - (4) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bugrov
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Educational Potential

The article raises the topic of the specifics of the process of institutionalization of scientific achievements of the H. S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the NAS of Ukraine, especially the ones of the «Kyiv School of Philosophy» of the second half of the XX century and early XXI century, in the contemporary educational practices of Ukrainian universities on the example of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The celebration in 2021 of the 75th anniversary of the institute, which, together with the university, became the main centre of the Kyiv School of Philosophy, once again highlights the latter's role as a leading subject of institutionalization of the Ukrainian national philosophical tradition of late modern times. One of the most famous innovative academic, humanitarian projects and the first prototypes of an open society in the Ukrainian SSR, this institute was a major domestic participant in world philosophical life during the Cold War and became a centre of growth of the philosophical community in the independent Ukraine. An illustrative example of the introduction of new educational practices in classical universities of Ukraine in the context of digitalization of domestic higher education during the emergence of a global network society is an activity of philosophical societies and startups of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and the H. S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the NAS of Ukraine. It unites their common high scientific and educational potential. The Student Society of Oral History of Philosophy of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv is one of the most famous. At the centre of its studies is initiated in T. Chaika’s “The Philosopher’s Oral Histories” project reconstruction of scientific biographies of the Kyiv School of Philosophy creators in the context of developing an oral history of philosophy as an alternative historical and philosophical approach/source/genre.

Being Inclined

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature ◽  
French Philosophy ◽  
History Of

This is the first book-length study in English of the work of Félix Ravaisson, France’s most influential philosopher in the second half of the nineteenth century. The book shows how in his 1838 Of Habit, Ravaisson understands habit as tendency and inclination in a way that provides the basis for a philosophy of nature and a general metaphysics. In examining Ravaisson’s ideas against the background of the history of philosophy, and in the light of later developments in French thought, the book shows how Ravaisson accounts for the nature of habit as inclination in an original manner, and within a metaphysical framework quite different from those of his predecessors in the philosophical tradition. The book sheds new light on the history of modern French philosophy, and argues for the importance of the neglected nineteenth-century French spiritualist tradition. It also shows that Ravaisson’s philosophy of inclination, of being inclined, is of great import for contemporary philosophy, and particularly for the contemporary metaphysics of powers, given that ideas about tendency have recently come to prominence in discussions concerning dispositions, laws, and the nature of causation. The book offers a detailed and faithful contextualist study of Ravaisson’s short masterpiece, but it does so in demonstrating its importance for contemporary thought.

Dominants, Subdominants, and Recedents: A Formal Analysis of Transformations in the Canonical Representation of 19th Century German Philosophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 173-206
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Canonical Representation ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Distant Reading ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Original Works ◽  
History Of ◽  
Visualization Techniques

The history of philosophy was a persistent interest in 19th century Germany. Ulrich Schneider lists 148 original works in the history of philosophy by 114 authors published from 1810 through 1899. The scale of this historiographic tradition makes it suitable for analysis through digital humanities techniques (“distant reading,” formal analysis, and innovative visualizations). This paper uses that body of publications to show how the canon of the history of German philosophy in the 19th century was formed and how it evolved. In order to uncover patterns in the attention devoted to particular 19th century philosophers, the authors undertook a formal analysis of 77 tables of contents from German textbooks in the history of philosophy. They used the results of their analysis to classify philosophers into three groups with metaphorical labels drawn from ecology: dominant, subdominant, and recedent. In addition to confirming the dominance of the “Big Four” (Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel), the analysis provides a more nuanced picture of the period under consideration. For example, during the 1830s and 1840s, opinions about the significance of certain philosophers became highly polarized. In some textbooks Johann Friedrich Herbart was completely ignored, while in others his ideas were explored in more pages than those of Hegel. Kant’s writings attracted increasing attention after 1860. His share of pages increased as the number devoted to most other philosophers was dwindling. Fichte, Schelling and Hegel lose nearly half of their pages and fall closer to the subdominant category that included Herbart, Schleiermacher, and Schopenhauer. Original visualization techniques provide a graphical representation of the changes in the canon of 19th century German philosophy.

Feminist Criticisms and Reinterpretations of Hegel

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Alison Stone
Keyword(s):  
Social Situation ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts

In 1970, the Italian feminist Carla Lonzi published her now-classic polemic urging women to “spit on Hegel”. Disregarding her advice, many subsequent feminist theorists and philosophers have engaged substantially with Hegel's thought, and a wide variety of feminist readings of Hegel have sprung up. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of these different feminist criticisms and interpretations of Hegel. In introducing these various interpretations, I will show how they reflect a range of divergent feminist approaches to the history of philosophy as a whole. My aim is not only to describe but also to evaluate these approaches, with respect to their capacity to generate insightful and productive readings of Hegel's philosophy. I shall argue that what I will call the “essentialist” feminist approach to Hegel is the most fruitful, doing most to illuminate the contours of his thought and to open up new and creative ways of reading his works.To anticipate, in surveying the various feminist interpretations of Hegel, I will classify them as reflecting four different types of feminist approach to the history of philosophy. The first, “extensionist” approach draws upon the history of philosophy for conceptual resources to understand and explain women's social situation. The second approach is more critical, tracing the pervasiveness of “masculinist” assumptions and biases in the history of philosophy. To call views “masculinist” is to say that they uphold systematic and hierarchical contrasts between masculinity and femininity, contrasts which need not be explicit but may be sustained through contrasts between other ostensibly neutral concepts which actually have tacit gender connotations. This critical approach generates an overwhelmingly negative picture of the philosophical tradition. The third, “essentialist” approach complicates this picture, recovering and highlighting the strands within historical texts which revalorise concepts or items that are given feminine connotations. These often overlooked strands oppose the dominant masculinist tendencies in texts by assigning equal importance and value to “symbolically feminine” concepts. However, proponents of the fourth, “deconstructive” approach object that essentialist readings of philosophical texts accept and reinforce patterns of gender symbolism which feminists ought to challenge. Deconstructive feminists seek to expose and exacerbate the instability within these patterns of gender symbolism by tracing how philosophical texts continuously undermine the gender contrasts present within them.

A Short History of German Philosophy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Hösle
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
World War ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Short History ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
Meister Eckhart ◽  
History Of

This book provides an original history of German-language philosophy from the Middle Ages to today. In an accessible narrative that explains complex ideas in clear language, the book traces the evolution of German philosophy and describes its central influence on other aspects of German culture, including literature, politics, and science. Starting with the medieval mystic Meister Eckhart, the book addresses the philosophical changes brought about by Luther's Reformation, and then presents a detailed account of the classical age of German philosophy, including the work of Leibniz and Kant; the rise of a new form of humanities in Lessing, Hamann, Herder, and Schiller; the early Romantics; and the Idealists Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. The following chapters investigate the collapse of the German synthesis in Schopenhauer, Feuerbach, Marx, and Nietzsche. Turning to the twentieth century, the book explores the rise of analytical philosophy in Frege and the Vienna and Berlin circles; the foundation of the historical sciences in Neo-Kantianism and Dilthey; Husserl's phenomenology and its radical alteration by Heidegger; the Nazi philosophers Gehlen and Schmitt; and the main West German philosophers, including Gadamer, Jonas, and those of the two Frankfurt schools. Arguing that there was a distinctive German philosophical tradition from the mid-eighteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, the book closes by examining why that tradition largely ended in the decades after World War II.

scholarly journals Toward the life work - between theoretical opus and acting: Observations on the writings of Milan Brdar

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-270
Author(s):  
Caslav Koprivica
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Important Place ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Work

In this article we want to highlight some of the most important moments in the work of Serbian philosopher Milan Brdar so far, as well as to highlight, at least partially, of what is important for his biography of an intellectual and publicly engaged person. In addition to dealing with sociological topics, in many monographs, he faces a number of important themes in the history of philosophy, so that his topic-related engagement with the philosophical tradition, from a later perspective, can also be viewed as an involuntary engagement with the history of philosophy. The results of his theoretical encounters made peculiar and important place in the Serbian philosophy of last decades.

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