scholarly journals Hegel, Feminist Philosophy, and Disability: Rereading our History

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canonical Texts

<p class="NoSpacing"><span lang="EN-CA">Although feminist philosophers have been critical of the gendered norms contained within the history of philosophy, they have not extended this critical analysis to norms concerning disability. In the history of Western philosophy, disability has often functioned as a metaphor for something that has gone awry. This trope, according to which disability is something that has gone wrong, is amply criticized within Disability Studies, though not within the tradition of philosophy itself or even within feminist philosophy. In this paper, I use one instance of this disability metaphor, contained within a passage from Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel&rsquo;s <em>Philosophy of Right</em>, in order to show that paying attention to disability and disability theory can enable identification of ableist assumptions within the tradition of philosophy and can also open up new interpretations of canonical texts. On my reading, whereas Hegel&rsquo;s expressed views of disability are dismissive, his logic and its treatment of contingency offer up useful ways to situate and re-evaluate disability as part of the concept of humanity. Disability can in fact be useful to Hegel, especially in the context of his valorization of experiences of disruption and disorientation. Broadening our understanding of the possible ways that the philosophical tradition has conceived human beings allows us to better draw on its theoretical resources.&nbsp;</span></p><p class="NoSpacing">&nbsp;</p><p class="NoSpacing"><span lang="EN-CA">Keywords: Hegel; contingency; history of philosophy; feminist Hegel scholarship</span></p><p class="NoSpacing"><span lang="EN-CA"><br /></span></p>

Is Being Human Being Rational? Otto Duintjer’s Critique of A Philosophical Tradition

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-253
Author(s):  
René van Woudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Alternative Conception ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Intellectual

Throughout the history of Western philosophy there has been a remarkable consensus that the unique and distinctive feature of human nature lies in the human capacity to think — that is, to think rationally. Being rational is conceived of as being an essential property of human beings. The Amsterdam philosopher Otto Dirk Duintjer2 has made an impressive attempt to analyze this dominant intellectual tradition for the purpose of furnishing hints for an alternative conception of what goes into the essence of being human. This alternative is presented not as another, more promising route within, but as a way out of our Western intellectual cul-de-sac, as Duintjer sees it. In this essay I first want to give a brief exposition of Duintjer’s analysis of our philosophical tradition because, I think, it is worth our serious consideration. Secondly, I will review his alternative for the traditional conception of what it means to be a human being. And thirdly I will discuss the viability of his alternative by comparing it with Dooyeweerd’s transcendental philosophy.

Anthropocentrism without a centre?

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Being And Time ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Relationship ◽  
Made In ◽  
Number Of Authors ◽  
The Way

I am grateful to Håkan Karlsson for his thoughtful commentary on some of the issues concerning Heidegger and archaeology which were raised in a previous issue of this journal, and find myself fascinated by his project of a ‘contemplative archaeology’. However, one or two points of clarification could be made in relation to Karlsson's contribution. Firstly, as a number of authors have pointed out (e.g. Anderson 1966, 20; Olafson 1993), the gulf between Heidegger's early work and that which followed the Kehre may have been more apparent than real. While his focus may have shifted from the Being of one particular kind of being (Dasein) to a history of Being (Dreyfus 1992), the continuities in his thought are more striking. Throughout his career, Heidegger was concerned with the category of Being, and the way in which it had been passed over by the western philosophical tradition. It is important to note that in Being and time the analysis of Dasein essentially serves as an heuristic: the intention is to move from an understanding of the Being of one kind of being to that of Being in general. What complicates the issue is the very unusual structure of this specific kind of being, for Heidegger did not choose to begin his analysis with the Being of shoes or stones, but with a kind of creature which has a unique relationship with all other worldly entities. ‘Dasein’ serves as a kind of code for ‘human being’ which enables Heidegger to talk about the way in which human beings exist on earth, rather than becoming entangled in biological or psychological definitions of humanity. In this formulations, what is distinctive about human beings is that their own existence is an issue for them; Dasein cares, and this caring is fundamentally temporal.

Habermas over genealogie, metafysica en godsdienst

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-277
Author(s):  
Henning Tegtmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Problem ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secular Society

Abstract Habermas on genealogy, metaphysics and religion Habermas’s impressive history of philosophy presents itself both as a comprehensive account of the history of Western philosophy from its beginning to the 19th century and as a genealogy of post-metaphysical thinking. In this paper I argue that this twofold goal creates a serious methodological problem. I also find Habermas’s understanding of metaphysics unclear and partly misguided. If that is correct it has consequences not only for the very notion of post-metaphysical thinking but also for the understanding of the dialogue between philosophy, religion, and modern secular society that Habermas advocates.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Philosophy of Politics

Philosophy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thom Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophy Of Right

G. W. F. Hegel is widely considered to be one of the most important philosophers in the history of philosophy. This entry focuses on his contributions to political philosophy, with particular attention paid to his seminal work: the Philosophy of Right. A particular focus will be placed on Hegel’s theories of freedom, contract and property, punishment, morality, family, civil society, law, and the state.

“Imperfect Discretion”: Interventions into the History of Philosophy by Twentieth-Century French Women Philosophers

Hypatia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-180
Author(s):  
Penelope Deutscher
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Feminist Issue ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women Philosophers

How might we locate originality as emerging from within the “discrete” work of commentary? Because many women have engaged with philosophy informs (including commentary) that preclude their work from being seen as properly “original,” this question is a feminist issue. Via the work of selected contemporary French women philosophers, the author shows how commentary can reconfigure the philosophical tradition in innovative ways, as well as in ways that change what counts as philosophical innovation.

scholarly journals Critical thinking; the father of all disciplines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
M. Adeyinka Akapo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
History Of

Looking at the history of philosophy, one will see that philosophy is often credited with the attributes of critical thinking, hence, critical thinking is always discussed as a tool of or the same as philosophy. Whereas it seems almost impossible to find philosophy or philosophizing without critical thinking, it may not be true to say that they are the same. This work therefore, demonstrates that philosophy and critical thinking are very complementary, but are not same, and critical thinking is not a tool of philosophy. It agrees that philosophy is the mother, but show that critical thinking is the father, of rational enquiries. For long, critical thinking and philosophy have served to produce results of rational enquiry hence the identification of the critical thinking DNA as is found in all the results of rational and creative thought. Adopting the method of critical analysis, this work concludes that critical thinking should be seen and appreciated for what it is and that it is better for all disciplines to emphasize the need and role of their paternal (critical thinking) DNA as it is what brings them to their pragmatic utilitarian value.

Socrates: A Very Short Introduction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

Socrates has a unique position in the history of philosophy; had it not been for his influence on Plato, the whole development of Western philosophy might have been unimaginably different. Socrates wrote nothing himself so our knowledge of him is derived primarily from the engaging and infuriating figure who appears in Plato’s dialogues. Socrates: A Very Short Introduction explores Socrates’ life and his philosophical activity, before considering the responses his philosophical doctrines have evoked in the centuries since his death. It examines the relationship between the historical Socrates and the Platonic character, and explores the enduring image of Socrates as the ideal exemplar of the philosophic life.

Fenomenologi Sebagai Filsafat dan Usaha Kembali Ke Permulaan

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Thomas Hidya Tjaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Life ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
World Science ◽  
Phenomenological Movement ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Abstrak: Dalam pengantar pada karyanya Phenomenology of Perception, Merleau-Ponty praktis mengidentikkan filsafat dengan fenomenologi sebagai usaha untuk mempelajari kembali bagaimana cara melihat dunia. Dalam upaya tersebut ia mengajak pembaca, mengikuti slogan khas fenomenologi Husserl, untuk kembali ke permulaan atau bendabenda itu sendiri. Yang menarik adalah bahwa permulaan yang dianalisis oleh Merleau-Ponty justru tubuh manusia, sebuah dimensi yang cenderung dipandang rendah dalam sejarah filsafat Barat. Ia tidak sendirian dalam hal ini, mengingat dalam fenomenologinya Levinas juga menekankan sensibilitas sebagai locus etika. Menurut penulis, gerakan fenomenologi menuju hal yang sensibel (the sensible) ini tidaklah mengubah hakikat filsafat sebagai usaha untuk mencari asal mula realitas. Realitas yang tersingkap dalam orientasi demikian justru menjadi lebih integral dan komprehensif daripada apa yang selama ini dikenal dalam sejarah filsafat dan sains. Meskipun demikian, orientasi pada pengalaman konkret manusia untuk menggali dasar realitas secara potensial menimbulkan masalah bagi fenomenologi itu sendiri yang selalu ingin kembali ke permulaan. Kata-kata Kunci: Fenomenologi, asal mula, permulaan, ada-dalam-dunia, sains. Abstract: In the Preface to his work Phenomenology of Perception Merleau-Ponty virtually identifies philosophy with phenomenology as a way of relearning to see the world. For this purpose he invites the reader, following the catchphrase in Husserl’s phenomenology, to return to the beginning or the things themselves. What is interesting is that the beginning that Merleau-Ponty analyzes is the human body, which belongs to a dimension that tends to be despised in the history of Western philosophy. He is not alone in this type of investigation, as Levinas also emphasizes sensibility as the locus of ethics. The author argues that the phenomenological movement towards the sensible does not alter the nature of philosophy as an attempt to seek for the nature of reality. The reality as disclosed in this analysis can be more integral and comprehensive than what is usually presented in the history of philosophy and science. The orientation towards the concrete dimension of human life in search for the foundation of reality, however, may cause a problem for phenomenology itself insofar as it always tries to return to the beginning. Keywords: Phenomenology, origin, beginning, being-in-the-world, science.

Charles Taylor, Sources of the Self

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zuckert
Keyword(s):  
Charles Taylor ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
History Of

This chapter reviews Charles Taylor’s Sources of the Self. The book displays Taylor’s mastery not only of the history of philosophy, but of theology, poetry, and art. He also shares Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s commitment to synthesizing competing and conflicting elements of the culture. Unlike Hegel, however, Taylor does not see philosophy as the highest and truest expression of the human mind or spirit; rather he sees the artists—the poets most especially—as the ones who “can put us in contact with” what we as living and thinking humans need to be in contact with. This chapter examines Taylor’s arguments as articulated in Sources of the Self, especially his view that human beings are self-interpreting and self-misinterpreting animals and that self-interpretation has ontological significance. It also considers what Taylor identifies as a “phenomenology” of human action, his theory of morality and identity, and his concept of the “punctual self.”

scholarly journals NON SIBI, SED OMNIBUS: MOKSLINGASIS PROFESORIAUS R. PLEČKAIČIO PAVELDAS

Problemos ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Marius P. Šaulauskas ◽  
Mindaugas Kubilius
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Research Standards

Straipsnyje aptariamas profesoriaus Romano Plečkaičio, iškiliausio Lietuvos filosofijos raidos tyrėjo, mokslinis palikimas. Lietuvoje ir pirmiausia Vilniaus universitete dėstytas bei plėtotas filosofines doktrinas ir pažiūras jis tyrė visuotiniame šimtmečiais besiplėtojančios filosofijos ir iš jos kylančios mokslo žinijos kontekste. Esminė prof. Plečkaičio metodologinė nuostata, teigianti Apšvietos mokslo idealų primatą, išliko nepakitusi per visą jo akademinės veiklos laikotarpį. Mokslo ir jo progresyvios raidos principų bei mokslingumo standartų esminė nepriklausomybė nuo ideologinių, religinių bei kitokių paramokslinių istorinių aplinkybių – šis motyvas buvo visų svarbiausių Plečkaičio veikalų – nuo visuotinės filosofijos istorijos tyrinėjimų iki tolerancijos teorijos – šerdis. Todėl ir Lietuvos filosofijos mokslo raidą nuo pat jos atsiradimo XVI a. pradžioje iki XXI a. pradžios jis nuosekliai suvokė kaip sudedamąją pasaulinės mokslo žinijos sklaidos dalį.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Plečkaitis, Lietuvos filosofijos istorija, Vilniaus universitetas.Non sibi, sed omnibus: The Sciential Legacy of Professor R. PlečkaitisMarius P. Šaulauskas, Mindaugas Kubilius SummaryProfessor Romanas Plečkaitis (1933–2009) is the most prominent figure in the scholarship of the history of philosophy in Lithuania. In the universal context of centuries long history of philosophy and whereof unfolding scientific knowledge he scrutinized the large variety of philosophical doctrines and views, which were taught and developed in Lithuania and, first and foremost, at Vilnius university. The fundamental methodological posture of prof. R. Plečkaitis, which persisted unshakably throughout his whole academic carrier, affirmed the unsurpassable supremacy of Enlightenment scientific ideals. At the heart of all his most important works embracing studies in history of western philosophy as well as theory of tolerance lies his conviction that the progressive advance of scientific edifice and its research standards must not depend on any ideological, religious or other parascientific circumstances. Therefore he consistently treated the development of the academic philosophy in Lithuania since its very the beginning in the XVI century up to the dawn of XXI century as a part and parcel of the growing universal knowledge of science.Keywords: Plečkaitis, Lithuanian history of philosophy, Vilnius University.

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