Nowa filozofia mediów w Niemczech

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. Hudzik

This article is about the philosophy of media developed in Germany as early as at the end of the 20th century. It was appeared as the Medienphilosophie – media philosophy – due to a coincidence of two different events that happened in social theory and practice – it’s when the end of certain period in German philosophy coincided then with the beginning of cyber civilization. The understanding of the latter situation demands the creation of a new language – a new analytical and critical apparatus capable of grasping reality becoming more and more medialized. The problem is not so much a question of particular media, but mediality itself. The reconstruction of the philosophy in question does not consist of the presentation of the views expressed by all its authors. It is less about substantive findings of this philosophy and more about its meta-theoretical aspects – the ontological and epistemological assumptions, conceptual apparatus, modes of justification. This text consists of five parts. The first two ones present origins and contexts of the development of the Medienphilosophie. The following two parts are concerned with the identity of media philosophy – its metatheoretical characteristics contained in the writings of two prominent figures – Frank Hartmann and Sybille Krämer. The last part is devoted to the specificity of the scientific and philosophical discipline after the so-called media turn.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
L. A. Checal ◽  

This study focuses on a conceptual representation of the metaphysical and non-classical context of reflection in its subjective dichotomous understanding. The author successively reviews the specifics of reflection, as well as the features of methodology of cognition and self-knowledge in the context of determining the values and priorities of human development and consciousness. The article also includes an overview of the main categories of reflection through a breakdown of theoretical relationships and the most important conceptual discourses. The theoretical significance of the problem of cognition and self-knowledge is determined by the central role of man in society and history. The analysis shows that the methodology of cognition and self-knowledge should be based on the principles of axiological disengagement, a combination of logical and historical aspect, as well as on the coherence of theory and practice.


Author(s):  
Christopher Cullen

We look first at the situation in the early years of the restored Han dynasty. Liu Xin’s system continued in use for more than half a century. Then, in 85 CE, Liu Xin’s system was replaced. We have records of the practical and theoretical grounds on which the old system was rejected, and of the creation and implementation of a new system. Next we follow the story of how c. 92 CE Jia Kui advocated a fundamental innovation in both theory and practice: he insisted on the ecliptic as being central to astronomical observation and calculation. The richness of records from this period makes it easy to tell a detailed story of technical innovation in its fullest context, leading up to the work of Zhang Heng (78–139 CE), for whom astronomical calculation was just one of several fields in which he gained a reputation for exceptional originality.


2021 ◽  
pp. 147059312110322
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yann Dolbec ◽  
Eileen Fischer ◽  
Robin Canniford

“Enabled theorizing” is a common practice in marketing scholarship. Nevertheless, this practice has recently been criticized for constraining the creation of novel theory. To advance this conversation, we conduct a grounded analysis of papers that feature enabled theorizing with the aim of describing and analyzing how enabled theorizing is practiced. Our analysis suggests that enabled theorizing marries data with analytical tools and ontological perspectives in ways that advance ongoing conversations in marketing theory and practice, as well as informing policy and methods. Based on interviews with marketing and consumer research scholars who practice enabled theorizing, we explain how researchers use enabling theories to shape research projects, how researchers select enabling lenses, and how they negotiate the review process. We discuss the implications of our analyses for theory-building in our field, and we question the notion of originality in relation to theory more generally.


Author(s):  
Alexander V. Koltsov ◽  

The paper is an attempt to narrow down the notion of spiritual crisis which is now widely applied in research on history of culture of the 19th–20th centuries, with respect to history of German philosophy and observation of modern reli­giosity. The shift from the history of philosophy to the religious context is ful­filled through analysis of texts of two religious thinkers, A. Reinach and S. Frank, whose thought clearly demonstrates strong interconnection between the both fields. Analysis of contemporary studies on history of phenomenological philos­ophy (C. Möckel and W. Gleixner) lets firstly observe ways of application of Koselleck’s notion of crisis to investigations in the history of philosophy. Sec­ondly it discovers two possibilities of philosophical contextualization of the con­cept of spiritual crisis – on the one hand, as a constituent rhetorical element of the philosophical statement (Möckel), on the other hand, as a term which de­scribes the uniqueness of an intellectual situation of the beginning of the 20thcentury (Gleixner). Then these aspects of the rhetoric of crisis are applied to reli­gious philosophy of Reinach and Frank, what leads to interpretation of their works as a particular statement discovering the divine (or the holy) as a new cat­egory of religious consciousness.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Ramírez-Guerrero ◽  
Javier García-Onetti ◽  
Juan Adolfo Chica-Ruiz ◽  
Manuel Arcíla-Garrido

Purpose This paper attempts to fill the gap that exists in research regarding 20th-century heritage and its social appreciation. The purpose of this paper is to explore different ways of evaluating the heritage value and tourism potential and to propose an innovative model validated in the Zarzuela Hippodrome as an example of cultural asset from 20th century with important economic, social, cultural, aesthetic and architectural aspects. Design/methodology/approach This study opted for an interpretation of heritage from an ecosystem, integrating and global paradigm, understanding the asset as a set of resources that interact with each other, generating a common and enriched tourist experience among all the elements that make it up. From this perspective, it is conceived that by modifying one of the elements, the whole (tourist) ecosystem will be equally influenced. On the other side, it was incorporated non-parametric techniques based on the implementation of surveys for the validation of the tool to the case study of the Zarzuela hippodrome. Findings The results suggest that the hippodrome's internal values have been evaluated very positively, while its external values are low. Through this study, the paper has identified several weaknesses that impede its functioning as a viable “tourist product.” The distance from the city center, the lack of available information and the scarce diffusion and tourism promotion are its main weaknesses. The proposed analysis tool reveals the importance of the active participation of visitors to evaluate cultural assets through the combination of aspects related to the conservation of cultural assets and, in turn, elements that encourage their commodification as tourist products, break down barriers between these two disciplines. Research limitations/implications The management tool proposed in this study can be used to underpin the creation of tourism experiences in cultural or heritage assets by diagnosing the current state of its tourist potential, quantifying its value in relation to the visitors’ perception and making visible those problematic aspects to develop actions to solve them. Although the present study is support for future research, as well as for improving the marketing of heritage in tourist settings, an in-depth analysis of the technical elements of heritage, as well as of its intervention (if applicable), will be necessary for the managers who want to use the tool. Social implications One of the most differentiating characteristics between the construction typology of 20th-century historical buildings is perhaps the scarcity of decorative ornamentation, with exposed concrete being the main surface coating. Many of these constructions have an important cultural and historical relevance, however, the social perception, as regards its consideration as architectural and artistic heritage seems to reflect discordant aspects. This study provides support as a decision-making tool to determine the existing valuation of a building and how to enhance it. Originality/value This study takes steps toward the creation of a model that supports decision-makers and owners of cultural assets through a measurement system that makes it possible to quantify and determine the current state of tourism use through the social evaluation of heritage criteria. It defines which are the elements that favor the resilience of the property or, on the contrary, which are those that undermine its enhancement.


2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rodrigo ◽  
René van der Veer ◽  
Harriet J. Vermeer ◽  
Marinus H. van IJzendoorn

This article discusses significant changes in childcare policy and practice in Chile. We distinguish four specific periods of childcare history: child abandonment and the creation of foundling homes in the 19th century; efforts to reduce infant mortality and the creation of the health care system in the first half of the 20th century; an increasing focus on inequality and poverty and the consequences for child development in the second half of the 20th century; and, finally, the current focus on children’s social and emotional development. It is concluded that, although Chile has achieved infant mortality and malnutrition rates comparable to those of developed countries, the country bears the mark of a history of inequality and is still unable to fully guarantee the health of children from the poorest sectors of society. Recent initiatives seek to improve this situation and put a strong emphasis on the psychosocial condition of children and their families.


2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7411-7422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Brewer

Abstract. This review covers the development of ocean acidification science, with an emphasis on the creation of ocean chemical knowledge, through the course of the 20th century. This begins with the creation of the pH scale by Sørensen in 1909 and ends with the widespread knowledge of the impact of the "High CO2 Ocean" by then well underway as the trajectory along the IPCC scenario pathways continues. By mid-century the massive role of the ocean in absorbing fossil fuel CO2 was known to specialists, but not appreciated by the greater scientific community. By the end of the century the trade-offs between the beneficial role of the ocean in absorbing some 90% of all heat created, and the accumulation of some 50% of all fossil fuel CO2 emitted, and the impacts on marine life were becoming more clear. This paper documents the evolution of knowledge throughout this period.


2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru V. Roman ◽  
Thomas McWeeney

AbstractIn recent years, public administration has been targeted by multiple reform efforts. In multiple instances, such initiatives have been ideologically couched in public-choice perspectives and entrenched beliefs that government is the problem. One unavoidable consequence of this continued bout of criticism is the fact that government currently has a noticeably decreased capacity of boosting creation of public value. Within this context, there certainly is an important need for approaches that would counterbalance the loss of public value induced by market fundamentalism. This article suggests that leadership, as a concept of theory and practice, due to its partial immunity to the private-public dichotomy, can provide a pragmatic avenue for nurturing public interest and public value within the devolution of governance, a declining trust in government and a diminished governmental capacity to propagate the creation of public value. While this article critically examines and assesses the capacity of different leadership perspectives in terms of creating and maximizing public value, its primary scope is not the provision of definite answers but rather the instigation of a much necessary discussion.


2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Marta Lucía Bustos

ResumenEl texto examina el surgimiento de la institucionalidad cultural en el municipio de Bogotá como parte del proyecto colonial y señala cómo los discursos y prácticas que legitiman la creación de la Oficina de Propaganda Cultural en la década de los años treinta del siglo XX están anclados en la colonialidad del poder de una autoridad estatal que buscó educar a sectores sociales clasificados en la negativa categoría de masas populares. Al revisar el conjunto de prescripciones, afirmaciones, hechos, deseos e intenciones de una élite intelectual que promovió la creación de oficinas culturales, se identifica una idea de la cultura que se relaciona con un saber oculto y con una serie de prácticas en que la acción cultural destaca como vehículo para transfigurar el alma de un pueblo racialmente concebido y, por lo tanto, desposeído de cultura. Este texto hace parte de una serie de indagaciones sobre la institucionalidad cultural pública en Bogotá que tienen como propósito contribuir a ampliar el mapa interpretativo de las políticas culturales en la capital, y comprender mejor cómo se configuraron y desarrollaron formas, reglas y entidades que ordenan nuestro presente.           Palabras claves Políticas culturales; institucionalidad cultural; Bogotá; colonialidad del poder  Towards a Reading of Cultural Institutions. The Office of Cultural Propaganda in the Municipality of Bogotá (1933)Marta Lucía Bustos GómezAbstractThis article examines the emergence of cultural institutions in the city of Bogota as part of the colonial project and points out how the discourses and practices that legitimize the creation of the Office of Cultural Propaganda in the early 30s of the 20th century are anchored in the coloniality of power of a state authority that sought to educate social sectors classified in the negative category of popular masses. In reviewing the set of prescriptions, statements, facts, desires and intentions of an intellectual elite that promoted the creation of cultural offices, an idea of culture that is associated with an occult lore and a number of practices in which cultural action stands out as a vehicle to transfigure the soul of a racially conceived people and, therefore, one which is deprived of culture. This text is part of a series of inquiries into public cultural institutions in Bogota that are intended to help expand the interpretive map of cultural policies in the capital, and better understand how norms, rules and institutions that command our present were configured and developed.KeywordsCultural policies; cultural institutions; Bogotá, coloniality of power Sug  lecturakuna chi institución  culturalkuna. Chi oficina  propaganda cultural sug Municipio Bogotape (1933)Marta Lucia Bustos GómezMaillallachiska:Kai kilkaska examiname llugsirii chi institucionalidad cultural sug Municipio Bogotape sug aparte proyecto colonial  y señalanme sug discurso  y practica legitimandakuna uiñachingapa sug oficina propagandapa sulturalchi uata kimsa chunga y atun uatasiglo XX kamkuna anclareska colonialidadpe chi autoridad estatalpe markaska aichachingapa sector social clasificado negaspa  categoría masa popularkuna. Maskaspa chi conjunto prescripción, afirmación, ruraska munaikuna y Iuiaikuna sug elite iuiaiug Nirka uiñachingapa oficina cultural y regserenme sug idea chi cultural relacioname sug iachai pakalla y sug practikakuna chi acción culturalka kauachinmi sug autosina trukangapa alma pueblota racial iachaskata  y chasak mana culturaua kangapa.Kai  kilkaska  kame parte indagaska sug institucionalidad  cultural pública Bogotape y kanme aidachingapa atuniachingapa chi mapa interpretativo chi política cultural capitalpe, y entengapa imasa configuraska y desarrollaska forma, regla y entidadkuna Nukanchipa nukaurra.Rimangapa Ministidukuna:Políticas culturales; institucionalidad cultural; Bogota; colonialidad poderpe Vers une lecture des institutions culturelles. Le Bureau de propaganda culturelle à la municipalité de Bogotá (1933)Marta Lucía Bustos GómezRésuméLe texte examine l'émergence d'institutions culturelles dans la ville de Bogota dans le cadre du projet colonial et souligne la façon dont les discours et les pratiques qui légitiment la création du Bureau de propagande culturelle au début des années 30 du XXe siècle sont ancrées dans la colonialité du pouvoir d'une autorité étatique qui cherchait à éduquer les secteurs sociaux classés dans la catégorie négative des masses populaires. En examinant l'ensemble des ordonnances, des déclarations, des faits, des désirs et des intentions d'une élite intellectuelle qui a favorisé la création de bureaux culturels, une idée de la culture qui est associée à une tradition occulte et un certain nombre de pratiques don l'action culturelle se distingue comme un véhicule pour transfigurer l'âme d'un peuple racialement conçu et, par conséquent, privé de culture. Ce texte fait partie d'une série d'enquêtes sur les institutions culturelles publiques à Bogota qui sont destinés à aider à étendre la carte d'interprétation des politiques culturelles dans la capitale, et de mieux comprendre comment elles se sont configurées et ont développé des formes, des règles et des institutions qui commandent notre présent.Mots clésPolitiques culturelles; institutions culturelles; Bogotá; colonialité du pouvoirÀ LEITURA DAS INSTITUIÇÕES CULTURAIS. O ESCRITÓRIO DE PROPAGANDA CULTURAL NO MUNÍCIPIO DE BOGOTÁ (1933)Marta Lucía Bustos GómezO texto examina o surgimento da institucionalidade cultural no munícipio de Bogotá como parte do projeto colonial e assinala cómo os discursos e práticas que legitimam a criação do Escritório de Propaganda Cultural na década dos anos trinta do século XX estão ancorado na colonialidade do poder de uma autoridade no Estado que procurou educar a setores sociais classificados na negativa categoria de massas populares. Ao revisar o conjunto de prescrições, afirmações, fatos, desejos e intenções de uma élite intelectual que promoveu a criação de Escrtórios Culturais, se identifica uma ideia da cultura que se relaciona con um saber oculto e com uma série de práticas em que a ação cultural destaca como veículo para transfigurar a alma de um povo racialmente concebido e, pelo tanto, despossuídos de cultura. Este texto faz parte de uma série de inquéritos sobre a institucionalidade cultural pública em Bogotá que têm como propósito contribuir para expandir o mapa interpretativo das políticas culturais na capital, e compreender melhor como se configuraram e desenvolveram formas, regras e entidades que ordenam nosso presente. Palavras-chavePolíticas culturais; institucionalidade cultural, Bogotá; colonialidade do poder


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Antonella Colonna Vilasi

Abstract In order to properly study the foundation of a State, a paradigm of thought or any other organization, we should analyze the historical context which produced the conditions for this phenomenon to happen, in all its variables and components. The Jewish question cannot certainly be relegated only to the 20th century, but surely it was the century in which the cultural, political, economic, and social debate was the expression of a collective will to create a Nation and develop and transform it into a key country in the context of global geopolitics.


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