scholarly journals Międzygatunkowe strefy kontaktu. Relacje psów i ludzi (z „diabelską śliną w sercu”) w literackiej dystopii Josipa Mlakicia O zlatu, ljudima i psima

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-207
Author(s):  
Ewa Szperlik

Przedmiotem analizy literaturoznawczej zaproponowanej w powyższym tytule jest tryptyk Josipa Mlakicia, utrzymany w konwencji futurystycznej antyutopii. Dzieło stanowi materiał badawczy podatny na zastosowanie różnorodnych, interdyscyplinarnych narzędzi metodologicznych (od ekokrytyki po animal studies). Poza symbolicznym ujęciem problematyki psów w historii kultury, punktem wyjścia dla rozważań nad postapokaliptyczną wizją świata totalitarnego, przez który przetoczyły się kolejne wojny, naruszające ekosystem, jest posthumanistyczna i postanatropocentryczna optyka obecnej i przyszłej kondycji ludzkiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem szowinizmu gatunkowego. W antywojennej prozie bośniacko-hercegowińskiego pisarza gatunkowizm (speciesism), postrzegany przez pryzmat złożonych relacji ludzi i psów, przejawia się również w postaci zacierania granicy między pojęciem zwierzęcości i człowieczeństwa, w wizji świata, w której największym zagrożeniem okazuje się homo crudelis. W świecie przedstawionym Mlakicia relacje między człowiekiem a psem można zdefiniować jako przykład symbiotycznej kooperacji (companion species), „naturokultury”, realizowanej w rozmaitych „strefach kontaktu”. Pojawia się także kwestia zhierarchizowanych stosunków między ludźmi, bytów o słabej podmiotowości: ludzi wykluczonych, zmarginalizowanych i eksterminowanych wszelkich Innych, w tym niepełnosprawnych, stających się podporządkowanymi „psami”, o statusie ofiar. Oczekiwany efekt przeprowadzanego wywodu dotyczyć będzie ukazania funkcji literatury jako źródła refleksji i medium ekspresji (wynalazku, przypisanego człowiekowi), w odniesieniu do koncepcji zmierzchu antropocentryzmu.

Author(s):  
Ken Stone

This chapter discusses the potential relevance of interdisciplinary animal studies for biblical interpretation. The story of Jacob and his family in Genesis 25–32 is examined from the perspective of a “critical animal hermeneutics.” Three features of such a hermeneutics, characteristic of contemporary animal studies, are emphasized: (1) the constitutive importance of “companion species,” emphasized by Donna Haraway, including in Israel’s case goats and sheep; (2) the instability of the human/animal binary, emphasized by Jacques Derrida and other thinkers; and (3) ubiquitous associations between species difference and differences among humans, particularly, in the case of biblical literature, gender and ethnic differences. Each of these features is used to read the story of Jacob and several related biblical texts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Charis Olszok

This article brings together theories of both real and literary animals’ readability within Animal Studies and of untranslatability within comparative literature more broadly. Through a focus on Ibrāhīm al-Kūnī’s al-Tibr, in comparison with Mahasweta Devi's ‘Pterodactyl, Puran Sahay and Pirtha’, I read the central human-animal encounters through both their cultural specificity and the wider ‘animal tropes’ to which they point, situating them within local tradition and the flows of world literature. I then shift to an examination of how both texts, through interspecies encounter, theorize the very processes of readability and comparability which they invite. Animals, I suggest, emerge as sites of ‘secrets’, hinting at the dictates of censorship as they shield symbolic import, or at the local which must be preserved from appropriation, and, above all, at a dimension of ‘otherness’ which can never be fully grasped. In al-Tibr, I examine this through a reading of the camel as ‘ āya’ (sign), a central term within Arabic cosmology, and, in ‘Pterodactyl’, through Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's influential reading of ‘ethical singularity’ in the story.


2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Potts ◽  
Donna Haraway

An influential feminist scholar in the field of human-animal studies, Donna Haraway (Professor in the History of Consciousness Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz) has over the past couple of decades provided ground-breaking critiques of such subjects as twentieth century primatology (and its links to race, gender and first-world/third-world politics), the place of nonhuman animals in laboratory science, and the phenomenon of pedigree dog breeding. Her most recent work focuses on our relationships with ‘companion species’, a term Haraway employs in her analysis of the diverse forms of human-animal interactions and exchanges that are part of everyday life. Drawing from ecological developmental biology, she suggests that companion species are the fruit of ‘multispecies reciprocal inductions’. In the following interview with Annie Potts (Co-Director, the New Zealand Centre for Human-Animal Studies), Donna Haraway discusses her views on, amongst other things, feminism and multispecies issues, human exceptionalism and posthumanism, and the pleasures of ‘becoming with’ our companion species.


2020 ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Amy Mulvenna

This article explores caring relations between child characters and sentient animals in two tales by Australian author-illustrator Shaun Tan. Each of Tan’s 15 Tales from Outer Suburbia are set in an “outer” suburban world replete with curious critters. These include a silent and stoic water buffalo, an unmoving dugong (manatee), and other surprising companion species. In this article, the author unpacks the caring relationships between child protagonists and the sentient creatures they encounter in two selected tales by focusing specifically on those processes that bring these characters together in curious encounters: that is, processes of embodied mapping. Emphasis is placed on enchantment and movement, and, in particular, moments given to pausing, lingering, and reflection. The author argues that both the fields of human-animal studies and the social studies of childhood can gain from exploration of the subtleties of these moments.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan

Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace large bone segments, but both entail several limitations that reduce wider use and consistent success. The use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM), often derived from xenogeneic sources, has been shown to favorably influence the immune response to injury and promote site-appropriate tissue regeneration. Decellularized bone ECM (dbECM), utilized in several forms — whole organ, particles, hydrogels — has shown promise in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and enhance bone regeneration. However, dbECM has yet to be investigated in clinical studies, which are needed to determine the relative efficacy of this emerging biomaterial as compared with established treatments. This mini-review highlights the recent exploration of dbECM as a biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering and considers modifications on its future use to more consistently promote bone regeneration.


1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1679-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn V. Thomas ◽  
Derek Blackman
Keyword(s):  

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schønau Jorgensen ◽  
H. Kehlet

ABSTRACT Human and animal studies have uniformly demonstrated increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity during acute hypercalcaemia. The HPA-activity during chronic hypercalcaemia was investigated by means of free urinary cortisol excretion. No difference in HPA activity could be demonstrated between a hyperparathyroid hypercalcaemic and a normocalcaemic group of patients. Based on these results it is suggested that during chronic hypercalcaemia, the HPA feed back mechanism overcomes the influence of hypercalcaemia on the HPA-axis.


2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary Wolfe

Der Text von Cary Wolfe ist eine gekürzte Übersetzung des Kapitels »Animal Studies«, Disciplinarity, and the (Post)Humanities aus der Monographie What is Posthumanism? (Minnesota 2009). Wolfe diskutiert die Beziehung zwischen (Trans-)Disziplinarität und Posthumanismus im Rückgriff auf Konzepte von Derrida, Foucault und Luhmann, die eine Form von gesellschaftlicher Kommunikation zu denken erlauben, an der menschliche Subjekte zwar noch teilhaben, aber deren souveräne Urheber sie nicht mehr sind </br></br>The paper by Cary Wolfe is an abridged translation of the chapter »Animal Studies«, Disciplinarity, and the (Post)Humanities from the monograph (Minnesota 2009). Wolfe discusses the relation between (trans-)disciplinarity and posthumanism with reference to concepts by Derrida, Foucault and Luhmann, allowing to consider a form of social communication in which human subjects still may participate, but no longer are their sovereign initiators.


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