Spekulatywny zwrot czy powrót do źródeł? O „kwartetach” Martina Heideggera i Grahama Harmana

The article contains reflections on the “speculative realism”, a direction in 21st century philosophy initiated by Graham Harman, whose books (The Quadruple Object, Object-Oriented Ontology. A New Theory of Everything) continue and process Martin Heidegger’s concept of “the quadruple” (das Geviert), and they also use the ideas of such thinkers as Edmund Husserl and Bruno Latour. The basic problem formulated in this text arises from the following questions: is speculative realism another turn in scientific research, or rather a return to those sources of thinking that take into account the complexity and the irreducibility of reality to any metaphysical instance? What is the role of the “speculative turn” in cultural studies, in various interpretative practices?

Close: Nearing the Future by Means of Symbiogenesis and Hyperobjectivity

Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia ◽

10.24193/subbphil.2020.spiss.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (Special Issue) ◽

pp. 133-144

Author(s):

Ioan-Cristian Boboescu

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Deep Ecology ◽

Fresh Start ◽

Speculative Realism ◽

The Future ◽

Dark Ecology ◽

Near Future

"Close: Nearing the Future by Means of Symbiogenesis and Hyperobjectivity. At the beginning of the 21st century we find a call for philosophers to join a new alliance: with artists and architects rather than linguists or physicists. In order to see the ecosystem, we need to switch concepts, look away from “nature” and move towards ambiance and hyperobjects. Along with this rehabilitation of Aristotle (by speculative realism and, more specifically, object-oriented ontology) comes a call for a fresh start as post-humanistic symbionts. These are proposals for alternatives to the catastrophic end of the short-lived drama of the Anthropocene. All this aids the here introduction of near-future hyperobjectivity. Keywords: ambiance, Anthropocene, symbiogenesis, OOO / object-oriented ontology / flat ontology, nature, ecosophy, deep ecology, dark ecology, time and near future "

Neither Substance Nor Process I: Anti-Reductionism

Garcian Meditations ◽

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474415910.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jon Cogburn

Keyword(s):

Continental Philosophy ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Analytic Philosophy ◽

Speculative Realism ◽

Contemporary Work ◽

Recent Trends ◽

The first chapter focuses on Garcia’s arguments against reductionism, with (i) an explanation of Garcia’s affirmation of ontological liberality, and (ii) a discussion of Garcia’s important supplementary arguments against the view that some putative entities are not things. The first few sections of the chapter contain an analysis of Garcia’s argument against what Graham Harman calls overmining and undermining. Both philosophers’ efforts are tied to contemporary work concerning reductionism in analytic philosophy. This discussion motivates (i) a brief presentation of Harman’s account of Heidegger’s “readiness-to-hand”, (ii) a discussion of capacity metaphysics, and (iii) Garcia’s differential ontology of objects. In this manner, Garcia’s central motivation and broad picture are situated with respect to recent trends in continental philosophy, particularly speculative realism and object-oriented ontology.

“Take (Meta)physic, pomp”: King Lear and (Dis)oriented Ontology

ROMARD ◽

10.32773/dxmf1709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 19-38

Author(s):

M. Burdick Smith

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Early Modern ◽

Object Oriented ◽

King Lear ◽

Early Modern Drama ◽

Modern Drama ◽

Insight Into

This essay uses Object-Oriented Ontology, a posthumanist theoretical model, to explore how King Lear’s use of and relation to objects can provide insight into his characterization. This essay provides a model for scrutinizing the role of objects—whether animate or inanimate—in performances of early modern drama; furthermore, it argues that King Lear’s use of objects reveals a consistent refusal to understand others, which upsets a redemptive arc in the play. To that end, the article proposes an ethical model—demonstrated by Kent—that responds to the play’s otherwise desolate worldview.

After Possession

Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy ◽

10.5195/jffp.2019.849 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 81-99

Author(s):

Iain MacKenzie

Keyword(s):

Object Oriented ◽

Speculative Realism ◽

Critical Tradition ◽

Ontological Position

Tristan Garcia’s Form and Object has been framed primarily as a contribution to object oriented metaphysics. In this article, I shall explicate and defend four claims that bring it closer to the modern critical tradition: 1) that Garcia’s Form and Object can be read, profitably, within the tradition of reflection upon the nature of possessions, self-possession and possessiveness; 2) that to read the book in this way is to see Garcia as the French heir to C. B. McPherson although it will be argued that what this amounts to is that while McPherson was the anti-Locke, so to speak, Garcia is the anti-Rousseau; 3) that this framing has significant consequences for our reception of Form and Object in that it can be understood as a book that not only marks a moment in debates surrounding speculative realism and object oriented ontology but that it also, and primarily, marks an important moment in debates about the encroachment of things and the culture of possession that, in part, defines modernity; 4) that there is a novel ontological position within Form and Object, one that is neither relational nor individualist, that presents a challenging account of ‘the chance and the price’ of living after possession and how to overcome the deleterious effects of contemporary consumer societies.

The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Philosophy. Philosophical Peripeteias" ◽

SPECULATIVE POSTHUMANISM: NATURALIZATION AND VITALIZATION

10.26565/2226-0994-2018-59-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Biological Network ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Life Forms ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Death Drive ◽

Philosophical Naturalism ◽

Speculative Realism ◽

The Creation ◽

Digital Or

The article considers speculative posthumanism as an actual approach in researching posthuman being condition. The article examines the influences of critical posthumanism and speculative realism on speculative posthumanism and at the same time, it argues the originality of speculative posthumanism, which consists in becoming divergential life-forms and their events. Trends, which significantly impacted on critical posthumanism and became its component parts of such as deconstruction, deleuzian conception and so on are considered in the article as a background for speculative posthumanism and are naturalizing and vitalizing. For example, rhizome is understood as a biological network of wide human descendants that are appropriate to human and nonhuman traits something like a human centipede. Thus principal excess of living in its immanence is stressed and the living is been considering as a specter or plenum, which resists to any metaphysical bounds. Instead of a metaphysical vitalism is used a strategic vitalism in the context of which multiplicity is been structuring fractally or aleatory, mixing human and non-human, digital or animal and so on, traits. Therefore, the article compares philosophical naturalism and vital realism, which in object-oriented ontology context deals with even non-living entities. Acceleration and singularity in such a case imply the dissipation of intensities in the death drive movement which is understanded as a (w)holeness and plexivity from templexity to teleoplexity. Thus, a living appears as a being-nothing, the form of form, the creation of creation. The article draws a contemporary conception of posthuman in the speculative posthumanism context as an ontogically uncertain one in principal. This article will be useful for developing a theoretical framework the realizing of posthuman being.

Speculative Before the Turn: Reintroducing Feminist Materialist Performativity

Cultural Studies Review ◽

10.5130/csr.v21i2.4324 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Cecilia Åsberg ◽

Kathrin Thiele ◽

Iris Van der Tuin

Keyword(s):

Object Oriented ◽

Speculative Realism ◽

Feminist Scholar ◽

New Materialisms ◽

Feminist New Materialisms ◽

Art And Activism ◽

The Many ◽

Speculative Thought

This is a moment for new conversations and new synergies. While a wealth of contemporary speculative materialisms is currently circulating in academia, art and activism, in this article we focus upon a few ethico-political stakes in the different, loosely affiliated conceptions of ontologies of immanence. More specifically, we are concerned here with the very meaning of speculation itself after the many new headings of immanent ontologies, such as object-oriented ontology (OOO), speculative realism or the (feminist) new materialisms. Our concern is a feminist concern, as some of the immanent ontologies seem to actively connect with the varied feminist archive of speculative thought while others seem to actively disconnect from the very same archive. What does this imply for the feminist scholar who is in want of tools for navigating the contemporary landscape of ontologies of immanence? Here, we highlight some important overlapping as well as poignant clashes between various feminist materialist genealogies and OOO/speculative realism. In our discussion we underline the importance of situatedness and context, relationality and affinity—and the possibility for rewiring relations—amid a plethora of lively historiographies and emergent post-disciplinary movements and world-makings.

A Questionnaire on Materialisms

October ◽

10.1162/octo_a_00243 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 155 ◽

pp. 3-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Emily Apter ◽

Ed Atkins ◽

Armen Avanessian ◽

Bill Brown ◽

Giuliana Bruno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Network Theory ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Actor Network Theory ◽

The United States ◽

Actor Network ◽

Speculative Realism ◽

New Materialisms ◽

The Uk ◽

Recent philosophical tendencies of “Actor-Network Theory,” “Object-Oriented Ontology,” and “Speculative Realism” have profoundly challenged the centrality of subjectivity in the humanities, and many artists and curators, particularly in the UK, Germany, and the United States, appear deeply influenced by this shift from epistemology to ontology. October editors asked artists, historians, and philosophers invested in these projects—from Graham Harman and Alexander R. Galloway to Armen Avanessian and Patricia Falguières to Ed Atkins and Amie Siegel—to explore what the rewards and risks of assigning agency to objects may be, and how, or if, such new materialisms can be productive for making and thinking about art today.

Everything and Nothing: How do Matters Stand with Nothingness in Object-Oriented Ontology?

Open Philosophy ◽

10.1515/opphil-2020-0118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 242-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Niels Wilde

Keyword(s):

Object Oriented ◽

Interior Space ◽

Theory Of Everything ◽

AbstractThis article poses a question for Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) in general and Harman’s position in particular. It is Heidegger’s question: “How do matters stand with nothingness?” First, I present the basic outline of Harman’s OOO which is presented as a theory of everything. In order to pin down the question of nothing, I begin by asking about “something”: what is an object? And what does it mean that objects exist? Then I pursue by identifying two notions of nothing in OOO: the withdrawal of objects and the in-between of two objects. The first, I call infrastructural nothing. The second, I call interrelational nothing. The latter is derived from the former. I argue that OOO is very close to Kierkegaard’s account of nothing as the space of possibility of possibilities, since an object is defined as its own interior space which must hold something in reserve in order to allow for change and emergence. Nothing is not merely nothing but something – a bounded openness.

Ontología Orientada a Objetos: una nueva teoría de todo

Análisis Revista de investigación filosófica ◽

10.26754/ojs_arif/a.rif.202014044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 151-155

Author(s):

Luis Alberto Jiménez Morales

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Object Oriented ◽

Theory Of Everything ◽

Reseña: Graham Harman (2018). Object-Oriented Ontology: A New Theory of Everything. Great Britain: Penguin Books. 295 páginas. La Ontología Orientada a Objetos es relativamente una nueva corriente dentro de los problemas contemporáneos de la filosofía. Uno de sus principales exponentes es el filósofo norteamericano Graham Harman. Para comprender la filosofía de Harman, es necesario determinar cuál es el problema fundamental que le preocupa. Su propuesta se articula como un diálogo crítico con las ciencias naturales y con las implicaciones de la filosofía moderna y contemporánea. El objetivo de esta reseña es uno de sus más recientes trabajos: Object-Oriented Ontology: A New Theory of Everything, que apareció en Penguin Books en 2018

Atopias

10.5422/fordham/9780823277551.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frédéric Neyrat

Keyword(s):

Object Oriented ◽

Global Studies ◽

Speculative Realism ◽

The Third ◽

The World ◽

Classical Philosophy ◽

Self Differentiation ◽

Excluded Middle ◽

Living Being

Atopias argues for a transcendence that is a relation between thought and the world, rather than an object or a substance that escapes the world. In doing so, Atopies intervenes within the fields of object-oriented ontology and speculative realism, as well as classical philosophy, psychoanalysis, structuralism, poststructuralism, ecology, and global studies. The book posits that existence must be thought prior to being. Neyrat’s radical existentialism becomes the basis for a new theory of being, understood as the self-differentiation of the existent. Such self-differentiation, or spacing, is fundamentally different than the “Grand Divides” that postructuralist theories have critiqued. The first part of the book develops a critique of saturated immanence, or a world that attempts to immunize itself by rejecting forms of transcendence. From here the book turns to an internal divergence at the heart of philosophy, offering a new reading of Socrates. The second part of the book is a theory of the “trans-ject,” or an existing living being that is formed from the outside. The third section of the book examines the creation of metaphysical propositions through the transgression of the law of the excluded middle. Elaborating a politics of existence, Atopias calls us to defend the eccentricity of the living against that which prevents the living from existing.