scholarly journals Cryoprotectants and X-ray analysis on Passiflora seeds cryopreserved

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane De Faria ◽  
Severino De Paiva Sobrinho ◽  
Andrea dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Armando Reis Tavares ◽  
Petterson Baptista Da Luz
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Internal Morphology

The study aimed to evaluate the internal morphology of Passiflora eichleriana Mast., Passiflora nitida Kunth. and Passiflora mucronata Lam. seeds cryopreserved with different cryoprotectants. The treatment were control (without cryoprotectant or cryopreservation), seeds cryopreserved without cryoprotectant, 1.73, 2.28, 2.60 or 2.71 M glycerol, 0.37, 0.46, 0.54 or 0.61 M sucrose and 0.37, 0.72, 1.04 or 1.35 M dimethylsulfoxide. The seeds were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) for seven days. The cryopreserved seeds were dipped in water bath (37 °C) for 5 minutes to defrost. The percentage of filled, empty, malformed and damaged seeds was determined. The seeds were analyzed by X-ray to verify damages caused by the cryopreservation or defrost. Our results demonstrate that X-ray is an efficient method to analyses cryopreserved seeds and the cryopreservation technique did not cause mechanical damage of P. eichleriana, P. nitida and P. mucronata seeds.

scholarly journals Image analysis to evaluate the physiological potential and morphology of pearl millet seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maicon Javorski ◽  
Danielle Otte Carrara Castan ◽  
Sibelle Santanna da Silva ◽  
Francisco Guilhien Gomes-Junior ◽  
Silvio Moure Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Pearl Millet Seeds

Abstract: The use of fast and precise procedures for seed analysis is an important factor for making decisions at different stages of seed production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of internal damage and associate morphological traits of pearl millet seeds with their physiological potential, and evaluate seed vigor using the Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS®) compared to other traditional vigor tests. Eight seed lots of the pearl millet cultivar ADR 300 were analyzed for germination, vigor (first count, accelerated aging, cold test, and SVIS®), internal morphology (X-ray), and morphological parameters (perimeter, area, and roundness). The X-ray test is effective in evaluating the internal morphology of pearl millet seeds, allowing identification of mechanical damage and of deteriorated and malformed tissues, making it possible to establish a relationship between the damage observed and the negative effect on germination. SVIS® analyses on two-day-old seedlings are a reliable method for assessing seed vigor of pearl millet. Parameters of perimeter and area of the seeds are related to their physiological potential.

Use of the electro-separation method for improvement of the utility value of winter rapeseeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Kovalyshyn ◽  
O.P. Shvets ◽  
S. Grundas ◽  
J. Tys
Keyword(s):  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Discharge Field ◽  
Prototype Apparatus

Abstract The paper presents the results of a study of the use of electro-separation methods for improvement of the utility value of 5 winter rapeseed cultivars. The process of electro-separation of rapeseed was conducted on a prototype apparatus built at the Laboratory of Application of Electro-technologies in Agriculture, Lviv National Agriculture University. The process facilitated separation of damaged, low quality seeds from the sowing material. The initial mean level of mechanically damaged seeds in the winter rapeseed cultivars studied varied within the range of 15.8-20.1%. Verification of the amount of seeds with mechanical damage was performed on X-ray images of seeds acquired by means of a digital X-ray apparatus. In the course of analysis of the X-ray images, it was noted that the mean level of mechanical damage to the seeds after the electro-separation was in the range of 2.1-3.8%. The application of the method of separation of rapeseeds in the corona discharge field yielded a significant reduction of the level of seeds with mechanical damage. The application of the method in practice may effectively contribute to improvement of the utility value of sowing material or seed material for production of edible oil.

One-pot Synthesis of Pyrazolone Sulfones by Iodine-catalyzed Sulfenylation of Pyrazolones with Aryl Sulfonyl Hydrazides Followed by Oxidation in Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyu Lu ◽  
Lipeng Zhang ◽  
Tianjiao Li ◽  
Kui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sulfonyl Chloride ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amide Form

Aim and Objective: Pyrazolone sulfones have been reported to exhibit herbicidal and antibacterial activities. In spite of their good bioactivities, only a few methods have been developed to prepare pyrazolone sulfones. However, the substrate scope of these methods is limited. Moreover, the direct sulfonylation of pyrazolone by aryl sulfonyl chloride failed to give pyrazolone sulfones. Thus, developing a more efficient method to synthesize pyrazolone sulfones is very important. Materials and Method: Pyrazolone, aryl sulphonyl hydrazide, iodine, p-toluenesulphonic acid and water were mixed in a sealed tube, which was heated to 100°C for 12 hours. The mixture was cooled to 0°C and m-CPBA was added in batches. The mixture was allowed to stir for 30 min at room temperature. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography to afford sulfuryl pyrazolone. Results: In all cases, the sulfenylation products were formed smoothly under the optimized reaction conditions, and were then oxidized to the corresponding sulfones in good yields by 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) in water. Single crystal X-ray analysis of pyrazolone sulfone 4aa showed that the major tautomer of pyrazolone sulfones was the amide form instead of the enol form observed for pyrazolone thioethers. Moreover, the C=N double bond isomerized to form an α,β-unsaturated C=C double bond. Conclusion: An efficient method to synthesize pyrazolone thioethers by iodine-catalyzed sulfenylation of pyrazolones with aryl sulfonyl hydrazides in water was developed. Moreover, this method was employed to synthesize pyrazolone sulfones in one-pot by subsequent sulfenylation and oxidation reactions.

STUDY OF THE DEPENDENCE OF HIGH Tc ON VARIOUS SINTERING TEMPERATURES FOR Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O SUPERCONDUCTORS

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (24n25) ◽  
pp. 1635-1638
Author(s):  
S.M. M.R. NAQVI ◽  
A.A. QIDWAI ◽  
S.M. ZIA-UL-HAQUE ◽  
FIROZ AHMAD ◽  
S.D.H. RIZVI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Tc ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Zero Resistance

Bi1.7-Pb0.3-Sr2-Ca2-Cu3-Ox superconducting samples were prepared at 855°C, 862 C, 870 C, and 882 C sintering temperatures respectively. All samples were sintered for 120 hours. The samples were then quenched in liquid nitrogen. The electrical resistivity measurements showed that the samples sintered at 870° C had the best Tc. For these samples the Tc onset was around 120 K and the zero resistance was obtained at 108 K. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the samples were multiphased.

Radiographie de foraminiferes

1964 ◽  
Vol S7-VI (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Georgette Glacon
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Great Intensity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tunisian Coast ◽  
Internal Morphology ◽  
Large Numbers

Abstract Radiography of the internal morphology of shells of foraminifera living on the Tunisian coast solved a number of problems by making possible examination of large numbers of individuals with an economy of time and specimens. Disadvantages encountered were structural damage resulting from X-ray flux of too great intensity, and poor visibility of internal structure in foraminifera from clay or pyritic sediments.

Aqueous Dissolution of Perovskite (CaTiO3): Effects of Surface Damage and [Ca2+] in the Leachant

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2462-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoming Zhang ◽  
Mark G. Blackford ◽  
Gregory R. Lumpkin ◽  
Katherine L. Smith ◽  
Eric R. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Dissolution Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrinsic Dissolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After

We have characterized thermally annealed perovskite (CaTiO3) surfaces, both before and after aqueous dissolution testing, using scanning electron microscopy, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. It was shown that mechanical damage caused by polishing was essentially removed at the CaTiO3 surface by subsequent annealing; such annealed samples were used to study the intrinsic dissolution behavior of perovskite in deionized water at RT, 90 °C, and 150 °C. Our results indicate that, although mechanical damage caused higher Ca release initially, it did not affect the long-term Ca dissolution rate. However, the removal of surface damage by annealing did lead to the subsequent spatial ordering of the alteration product, which was identified as anatase (TiO2) by both x-ray and electron diffraction, on CaTiO3 surfaces after dissolution testing at150 °C. The effect of Ca2+ in the leachant on the dissolution reaction of perovskite at 150 °C was also investigated, and the results suggest that under repository conditions, the release of Ca from perovskite is likely to be significantly slower if Ca2+ is present in ground water.

INTENSITY OF X-RAY (222) LINE IN InSb AT 77 K UNDER PRESSURE

1989 ◽  
Vol 03 (14) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104
Author(s):  
BIN OKAI ◽  
KAORU J. TAKANO ◽  
JIICHIRO YOSHIMOTO ◽  
HIROKI TAKAHASHI ◽  
ATSUSHI IZAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Structural Transition ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Pressure

The intensity of X-ray (222) line in InSb was measured at liquid nitrogen temperature up to the transition pressure. No abrupt decrease at ca. 3 GPa as reported by Yoder-Short, Colella and Weinstein was observed at 77 K, indicating that a smearing of the bonding charge is not responsible for the structural transition of InSb.

217 QUALITY CHANGES IN POST-THAW SPRINGBOK (ANTIDORCAS MARSUPIALIS) EPIDIDYMAL SPERM MAINTAINED IN FERTILIZATION MEDIUM

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
F. P. Chatiza ◽  
G. M. Pieterse ◽  
P. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Plasma Membrane Integrity ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Over Time

The availability of gametes from the cropping of excess wildlife species provides the opportunity for the advancement of knowledge into assisted reproductive technology for possible future conservation measures. Little is known about the longevity of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) spermatozoa maintained in fertilization medium. The aim of this project was to determine the quality changes of post-thawed springbok spermatozoa incubated in fertilization medium by measuring plasma membrane integrity over time. Testes (n = 12) were obtained from two geographically distinct free-ranging springbok populations in South Africa. Spermatozoa were flushed from the cauda epididymides within three hours of the animals' death. Samples from an individual male were pooled, diluted to 400 × 106 sperm/mL with Biladyl (Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany) fraction A (no glycerol) and equilibrated in a water bath for 6 h at 4°C. An equal volume of Biladyl fraction B (containing 12% glycerol) was added to the sample to make a final concentration of 200 × 106 sperm/mL. Samples were loaded into 0.25-mL straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor (5 cm above the liquid nitrogen level) for 20 min after which they were plunged into liquid nitrogen. Straws from each sample were thawed for 20 s at 36°C in a water bath. Thawed spermatozoa (100 μL) was added to 1 mL IVF-TALP medium containing heparin and PHE (Vajta et al. 1996 Theriogenology 45, 683–689) in 2-mL Nunc tubes (AEC, Amersham, South Africa) and incubated at 38.7°C, in humidified 5% CO2 balance air for 30 h. Aliquots were extracted from the incubating spermatozoa to determine plasma membrane integrity at 6-h intervals. Propidium iodide (Sigma, South Africa) at 50 ng/mL (10 min at RT) was used to evaluate membrane integrity under fluorescence microscopy at ×400, with a 450-nm excitation filter, a 510-nm dicroic beam splitter, and a 520-nm barrier filter. Cells with damaged plasma membrane have nuclei that fluorescence red. Eosin/nigrosin was also used to evaluate membrane integrity under ×400 bright-field microscopy. Cells with damaged plasma membrane stain purple-red, whereas the balance of cells remain translucent. The average post-thaw motility of spermatozoa in populations A and B was 69% (n = 6) and 68% (n = 6), respectively. Plasma membrane integrity of post-thawed springbok spermatozoa deceased steadily in IVF-TALP medium over the 30-h period (Table 1). Cryopreserved epididymal sperm derived from free-ranging springbok populations survive in IVF-TALP media and may be useful in future conservation activities where an isolated gene pool requires genetic supplementation through one or more assisted reproduction techniques such as IVF or AI. Further research is required to confirm and extend these findings. Table 1. Percentage plasma membrane integrity of post-thawed springbok sperm over time

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