scholarly journals Early myogenic responses to acute exercise before and after resistance training in young men

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. e12511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa K. Caldow ◽  
Emily E. Thomas ◽  
Michael J. Dale ◽  
Grant R. Tomkinson ◽  
Jonathan D. Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Myogenic Responses

scholarly journals Microvascular adaptations to resistance training are independent of load in resistance-trained young men

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. R267-R273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya M. Holloway ◽  
Robert W. Morton ◽  
Sara Y. Oikawa ◽  
Sean McKellar ◽  
Steven K. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
High Load ◽  
Type I ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
High Repetition ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Before And After

Resistance training promotes microvasculature expansion; however, it remains unknown how different resistance training programs contribute to angiogenesis. Thus, we recruited experienced resistance-trained participants and determined the effect of 12 wk of either high-repetition/low-load or low-repetition/high-load resistance training performed to volitional fatigue on muscle microvasculature. Twenty men performed either a high-repetition [20–25 repetitions, 30–50% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM); n = 10] or a low-repetition (8–12 repetitions, 75–90% of 1RM; n = 10) resistance training program. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after resistance training, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess fiber type (I and II)-specific microvascular variables. High-repetition/low-load and low-repetition/high-load groups were not different in any variable before resistance training. Both protocols resulted in an increase in capillarization. Specifically, after resistance training, the capillary-to-fiber ratio, capillary contacts, and capillary-to-fiber perimeter exchange index were elevated, and sharing factor was reduced. These data demonstrate that resistance training performed to volitional failure, using either high repetition/low load or low repetition/high load, induced similar microvascular adaptations in recreationally resistance-trained young men.

Morphological and Functional Effects of the Resistance Training and High Physical Activity of Recreational Type in Young Men

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Pietraszewska ◽  
Anna Burdukiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Stachoń ◽  
Justyna Andrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
High Physical Activity

Comparison of CrossFit Barbara and classic resistance trainings for the protection of strength performance during off-season in kickboxers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cebrail Gençoğlu ◽  
İlhan Şen
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Push Up

BACKGROUND: The inability of athletes to train or the decrease in the intensity and frequency of training may cause athletes to lose performance. Particularly in view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining strength outside the normal framework provides an advantage to athletes for the next competitions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the CrossFit Barbara which can be applied easily at home during the off-season or some situations such as the epidemic limitation to classic resistance training methods used to maintain the strength performance of national kickboxers. METHODS: Forty-three national kickboxers, CrossFit (CF, n= 22), and resistance training (RT, n= 21), participated in this study. While CF performed 20 pull-ups, 30 push-ups, 40 sit-ups, and 50 squat exercises, RT performed bench press, lat pull down, leg press, biceps curl, and triceps extension exercises twice per week for six weeks. Before and after the six weeks, the following variables were measured; body mass (BM) and body fat percentage (FP), VO2max, bench press (BP), squat (SQ), leg strength (LS), hand grip strength (HGS), pull-up, push-up and counter movement jump (CMJ). RESULTS: BP (p< 0.001, F= 41.125, ηp2= 0.501), SQ (p< 0.001, F= 26.604, ηp2= 0.394), LS (p< 0.001, F= 15.234, ηp2= 0.271), push-up (p< 0.001, F= 31.978, ηp2= 0.438) and pull-up (p< 0.001, F= 24.410, ηp2= 0.373) values changed significantly in group-time interaction between CF and RT groups, while there was no significant difference for the BM (p= 0.198, F= 1.715, ηp2= 0.040), Fat (p= 0.265, F= 1.279, ηp2= 0.030), HGS (p= 0.665, F= 0.190, ηp2= 0.005, CMJ (p= 0.054, F= 3.946, ηp2= 0.088) and VO2max (p=0.747, F= 0.106, ηp2= 0.003). Furthermore, according to the before and after study values, BP, SQ, LS, and CMJ decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while BM, FP, HGS, VO2max, pull-up and push-up variables did not in the CF (p> 0.05). In the RT, the pull-up and push-up variables decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while there was no significant difference for BP, SQ, LS, HGS, VO2max, body mass, body fat percentage and CMJ (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: CF Barbara workout was more effective in maintaining strength endurance performances, and RT in maintaining maximum strength performances. According to the individual performance needs of athletes, reasonable training method can be used to prevent performance decrement in the strength domain.

scholarly journals Muscles adaptation to aging and training: architectural changes – a randomised trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien J. Létocart ◽  
Franck Mabesoone ◽  
Fabrice Charleux ◽  
Christian Couppé ◽  
René B. Svensson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Repetition Maximum

Abstract Background To investigate how anatomical cross-sectional area and volume of quadriceps and triceps surae muscles were affected by ageing, and by resistance training in older and younger men, in vivo. Methods The old participants were randomly assigned to moderate (O55, n = 13) or high-load (O80, n = 14) resistance training intervention (12 weeks; 3 times/week) corresponding to 55% or 80% of one repetition maximum, respectively. Young men (Y55, n = 11) were assigned to the moderate-intensity strengthening exercise program. Each group received the exact same training volume on triceps surae and quadriceps group (Reps x Sets x Intensity). The fitting polynomial regression equations for each of anatomical cross-sectional area-muscle length curves were used to calculate muscle volume (contractile content) before and after 12 weeks using magnetic resonance imaging scans. Results Only Rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius muscle showed a higher relative anatomical cross-sectional area in the young than the elderly on the proximal end. The old group displayed a higher absolute volume of non-contractile material than young men in triceps surae (+ 96%). After training, Y55, O55 and O80 showed an increase in total quadriceps (+ 4.3%; + 6.7%; 4.2% respectively) and triceps surae (+ 2.8%; + 7.5%; 4.3% respectively) volume. O55 demonstrated a greater increase on average gains compared to Y55, while no difference between O55 and O80 was observed. Conclusions Muscle loss with aging is region-specific for some muscles and uniform for others. Equivalent strength training volume at moderate or high intensities increased muscle volume with no differences in muscle volume gains for old men. These data suggest that physical exercise at moderate intensity (55 to 60% of one repetition maximum) can reverse the aging related loss of muscle mass. Trial registration NCT03079180 in ClinicalTrials.gov. Registration date: March 14, 2017.

scholarly journals Effect of oral DHEA on serum testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2274-2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Brown ◽  
Matthew D. Vukovich ◽  
Rick L. Sharp ◽  
Tracy A. Reifenrath ◽  
Kerry A. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Liver Transaminases ◽  
And Training

This study examined the effects of acute dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ingestion on serum steroid hormones and the effect of chronic DHEA intake on the adaptations to resistance training. In 10 young men (23 ± 4 yr old), ingestion of 50 mg of DHEA increased serum androstenedione concentrations 150% within 60 min ( P < 0.05) but did not affect serum testosterone and estrogen concentrations. An additional 19 men (23 ± 1 yr old) participated in an 8-wk whole body resistance-training program and ingested DHEA (150 mg/day, n = 9) or placebo ( n = 10) during weeks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8. Serum androstenedione concentrations were significantly ( P < 0.05) increased in the DHEA-treated group after 2 and 5 wk. Serum concentrations of free and total testosterone, estrone, estradiol, estriol, lipids, and liver transaminases were unaffected by supplementation and training, while strength and lean body mass increased significantly and similarly ( P < 0.05) in the men treated with placebo and DHEA. These results suggest that DHEA ingestion does not enhance serum testosterone concentrations or adaptations associated with resistance training in young men.

scholarly journals Acute Exercise Increases Adiponectin Levels in Abdominally Obese Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis J. Saunders ◽  
Andrew Palombella ◽  
K. Ashlee McGuire ◽  
Peter M. Janiszewski ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Before And After

Objective. To examine the effect of acute and short-term (~1 week) aerobic exercise training on plasma adiponectin levels in inactive, abdominally obese men.Materials and Methods. Inactive and abdominally obese men (n=38, waist circumference ≥102 cm) recruited from Kingston, Canada were randomly allocated to perform three bouts of aerobic treadmill exercise at either low (50% VO2peak) or high (75% VO2peak) intensity during a 1-week period. Blood samples were taken before and after the first exercise session and 24–72 hours following the completion of the final exercise session.Results. Adiponectin levels were elevated immediately following an acute bout of exercise at both high and low intensities (High:5.79±0.42versus5.05±0.41 ug/mL; Low:5.24±0.44versus4.37±0.44 ug/mL,P<0.05) and remained elevated following 30 minutes of rest. In comparison to baseline, adiponectin levels were also elevated 24–72 hours following the final exercise session (High:5.47±0.48versus4.88±0.48 ug/mL; Low:5.18±0.49versus4.47±0.49 ug/mL,P<0.05).Conclusion. Both acute and short-term aerobic exercise result in a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels in inactive, abdominally obese men independent of intensity.

Resistance but not endurance exercise training induces changes in cerebrovascular function in healthy young subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Thomas ◽  
Channa E. Marsh ◽  
Louise H. Naylor ◽  
Philip N. Ainslie ◽  
Kurt J. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Cerebrovascular Resistance ◽  
Cerebrovascular Function

Aim: It is generally considered that regular exercise maintains brain health and reduces the risk of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and dementia. Since the benefits of different 'types' of exercise are unclear, we sought to compare the impacts of endurance and resistance training on cerebrovascular function. Methods: In a randomized and cross-over design, 68 young healthy adults were recruited to participate in 3-months of resistance and endurance training. Cerebral hemodynamics through the internal carotid, vertebral, middle and posterior cerebral arteries were measured using Duplex ultrasound and transcranial Doppler at rest and during acute exercise, dynamic autoregulation and cerebrovascular reactivity (to hypercapnia). Results: Following resistance, but not endurance training, middle cerebral artery velocity and pulsatility index significantly decreased (P<0.01 and P=0.02, respectively), while mean arterial pressure and cerebrovascular resistance in the middle, posterior and internal carotid arteries all increased (P<0.05). Cerebrovascular resistance in response to acute exercise and hypercapnia also significantly increased following resistance (P=0.02), but not endurance training. Conclusions: Our findings, which were consistent across multiple domains of cerebrovascular function, suggest that episodic increases in arterial pressure associated with resistance training may increase cerebrovascular resistance. The implications of long-term resistance training on brain health require future study, especially in populations with pre-existing cerebral hypoperfusion and/or hypotension.

scholarly journals Resistance training reduces the acute exercise-induced increase in muscle protein turnover

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (1) ◽  
pp. E118-E124 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Phillips ◽  
K. D. Tipton ◽  
A. A. Ferrando ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Breakdown Rates ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Fractional Synthesis ◽  
Exercise Induced

We examined the effect of resistance training on the response of mixed muscle protein fractional synthesis (FSR) and breakdown rates (FBR) by use of primed constant infusions of [2H5]phenylalanine and [15N]phenylalanine, respectively, to an isolated bout of pleiometric resistance exercise. Trained subjects, who were performing regular resistance exercise (trained, T; n = 6), were compared with sedentary, untrained controls (untrained, UT; n = 6). The exercise test consisted of 10 sets (8 repetitions per set) of single-leg knee flexion (i.e., pleiometric muscle contraction during lowering) at 120% of the subjects’ predetermined single-leg 1 repetition maximum. Subjects exercised one leg while their contralateral leg acted as a nonexercised (resting) control. Exercise resulted in an increase, above resting, in mixed muscle FSR in both groups (UT: rest, 0.036 ± 0.002; exercise, 0.0802 ± 0.01; T: rest, 0.045 ± 0.004; exercise, 0.067 ± 0.01; all values in %/h; P< 0.01). In addition, exercise resulted in an increase in mixed muscle FBR of 37 ± 5% (rest, 0.076 ± 0.005; exercise, 0.105 ± 0.01; all values in %/h; P < 0.01) in the UT group but did not significantly affect FBR in the T group. The resulting muscle net balance (FSR − FBR) was negative throughout the protocol ( P < 0.05) but was increased in the exercised leg in both groups ( P < 0.05). We conclude that pleiometric muscle contractions induce an increase in mixed muscle protein synthetic rate within 4 h of completion of an exercise bout but that resistance training attenuates this increase. A single bout of pleiometric muscle contractions also increased the FBR of mixed muscle protein in UT but not in T subjects.

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