Value-added in high technology and industrial basic research: a weighted network observing the trade of high-tech goods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Mario De Marchi ◽  
Antonio Zinilli
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
High Technology ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Weighted Network

A Romance of the Three Kingdoms

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Hanel ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Jingyan Fu ◽  
Susan Reid ◽  
Jorge E. Niosi
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The West ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biotechnology Clusters

The cornerstone of China's strategy for developing high-technology activities is construction of scientific parks to create conditions emulating the successful High-technology clusters in the West. This is a comparative case study of biotechnology clusters in Guangdong province and the better documented ones in Beijing and Shanghai and Shenzhen. The experience of the government-controlled and supported ‘construction' and evolution of biotechnology clusters in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong province is compared with high-tech clustering in the West. The paper documents the existence and performance of the hitherto largely ignored Guangzhou biopharmaceutical cluster. Despite the rapid development of biopharmaceutical activities in Guangdong province, biotechnology is not yet a significant high-tech/high value-added alternative to Guangdong's specialization the labor-intensive export industries.

A Romance of the Three Kingdoms

2020 ◽  
pp. 1241-1289
Author(s):  
Petr Hanel ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Jingyan Fu ◽  
Susan Reid ◽  
Jorge E. Niosi
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The West ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biotechnology Clusters

The cornerstone of China's strategy for developing high-technology activities is construction of scientific parks to create conditions emulating the successful High-technology clusters in the West. This is a comparative case study of biotechnology clusters in Guangdong province and the better documented ones in Beijing and Shanghai and Shenzhen. The experience of the government-controlled and supported ‘construction' and evolution of biotechnology clusters in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong province is compared with high-tech clustering in the West. The paper documents the existence and performance of the hitherto largely ignored Guangzhou biopharmaceutical cluster. Despite the rapid development of biopharmaceutical activities in Guangdong province, biotechnology is not yet a significant high-tech/high value-added alternative to Guangdong's specialization the labor-intensive export industries.

A Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Biotechnology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1191-1239
Author(s):  
Petr Hanel ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Jingyan Fu ◽  
Susan Reid ◽  
Jorge E. Niosi
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The West ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Biotechnology Clusters

The cornerstone of China's strategy for developing high-technology activities is construction of scientific parks to create conditions emulating the successful High-technology clusters in the West. This is a comparative case study of biotechnology clusters in Guangdong province and the better documented ones in Beijing and Shanghai and Shenzhen. The experience of the government-controlled and supported ‘construction' and evolution of biotechnology clusters in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong province is compared with high-tech clustering in the West. The paper documents the existence and performance of the hitherto largely ignored Guangzhou biopharmaceutical cluster. Despite the rapid development of biopharmaceutical activities in Guangdong province, biotechnology is not yet a significant high-tech/high value-added alternative to Guangdong's specialization the labor-intensive export industries.

Analysis of Current Practices of Organizing the Export of Medical Services in the United Kingdom, Italy, South Korea and China

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
Arkady Nikolaevich Daykhes ◽  
Vladimir Anatolievich Reshetnikov ◽  
Olga Aleksandrovna Manerova ◽  
Ilya Aleksandrovich Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Value Added ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Medical Organization ◽  
The United Kingdom

Aim of the study. Analysis of medical tourism’s organizational features based on the example of the large medical organizations in the United Kingdom, South Korea, Italy and China. Materials and methods. The data were collected by the authors by interviewing the heads of medical organizations and their deputies in the United Kingdom, South Korea, Italy and China (3–4 respondents per medical organization) using the developed questionnaire to identify the main mechanisms and tools for organizing the export of medical services. SWOT-analysis (Strengths; Weaknesses; Opportunities; Threats) was performed in order to comprehensively evaluate the received information. Results. Along with weaknesses and threats that slow down the development of medical services exports, strengths (internal factors) and opportunities ( external factors) that contribute to the development of medical tourism were also identified: the widespread popularity of the brand of medical organizations abroad which is associated with the provision of premium medical services; versatility and ability to conduct high-tech surgical operations; the presence of a separate premium class building and an international department for working with foreign patients and promoting a medical organization in the world market; well-established business relationships with assistance companies; foreign medical personnel who speak foreign languages and possess necessary skills to treat foreign patients; developed electronic medical care system; developed system of quality control of medical care; the presence of branches in other countries; the presence of a medical visa in the system of legislation; established cooperation with many countries at the embassy level; state licensing and accreditation for the provision of medical services to foreign citzens; the availability of a state website on the provision of medical assistance to foreign citizens; the possibility of the age of value added tax. Conclusion. We identified main patterns in the organization of export of medical services that can be applied to develop this direction in medical organizations of the Russian Federation during the analysis the strengths and weaknesses of four large medical organizations abroad, as well as external factors that affect the work of these medical organizations.

Estimation of economic specialization of Ukrainian regions in the context of global trends

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Economic Specialization

The scale and deep heterogeneity of the national economy of Ukraine in the regional context make the relevance of scientific research in this thematic area. The purpose of the article is to determine the economic specialization of the regions of Ukraine by key economic activities contributing to the formation of gross value added, as well as outlining the potential risks to the national economy, taking into account the situation on world commodity markets. The results of the research showed that one of the consequences of the unstable dynamics of industrial production in Ukraine under the influence of geopolitical and macroeconomic factors is the reduction of industrial specialization of the economy of a number of Ukrainian regions. Thus, in 2017 the manufacturing was the leading economic activity (with the highest share in the gross value added created) in 11 regions, compared to 15 in 2012. So Poltava, Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhya regions are considered to be “highly industrial”. At the same time, the agrarian specialization of the economy of Ukraine and its regions deepened – in 2017 agriculture became the leading type of economic activity in 11 regions (compared to 7 in 2012). The most “agrarian” in Ukraine (with a share of agriculture in gross value added over 30%) in 2017 became the Kherson, Kirovohrad and Khmelnytsky regions. Increasing the level of “agrarianization” of the national economy in the context of volatility of agricultural commodity prices on the world markets poses significant risks for the socio-economic development of Ukraine and its regions. These risks are exacerbated by the high amplitude of fluctuations in the volume and structure of domestic agricultural products and the low degree of processing of raw materials. To improve the structure of domestic commodity exports (in the direction of increasing its share of products with a higher degree of processing) and to deepen its diversification, a number of measures should be carried out aimed at stimulating export activity of enterprises (industrial and agro-industrial), carrying out technical and technological re-equipment of industrial and export production bases, creation of new high-tech industries on the basis of the implementation of powerful innovation and investment projects.

scholarly journals The Influence of R&D Intensity on Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Human Capital in the Semiconductor Industry in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5128
Author(s):  
Tsung-Chun Chen ◽  
Yenchun Jim Wu
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Relationship

Knowledge transfer is a strategy used by high-tech companies to acquire new knowledge and skills. Knowledge can be internally generated or externally sourced. The access to external knowledge is a quick fix, but the risks associated with reliance on external sources are often overlooked. However, not acquiring such knowledge is even riskier. There have been a slew of litigations in the semiconductor industry in recent years. The acquisition and assurance of intangible assets is an important issue. This paper posits that internal R&D should take into consideration the knowledge intensity and capital investment in the industry. This study focuses on the relationship between intangible assets and financial performance. It sourced the 2004 to 2016 financial data of semiconductor companies in Taiwan for panel data modeling and examined case studies for empirical validation. This study found that the higher the R&D intensity (RDI) in the value-added component of human capital, the better the financial performance of the company. RDI has a positive influence on the accumulation of human capital and financial performance metrics, and such influence is deferred. Meanwhile, human capital is a mediating factor in the relationship between RDI and financial performance. RDI is integral to the semiconductor industry’s pursuit of business sustainability.

Current Trends in the International Economic Activity of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Ljudmila Romaniuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Economic Relations

International economic activity occupies a special place in a complex system of the global economic relations. It reflects the mutual economic dependence of trade and economic activities of different countries of the world. The significance of the development of international economic performance of each country is growing. The purpose of the article is to determine the current state and trends of international economic performance of Ukraine, taking into account changes in the external environment. SWOT-analysis was introduced to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and ways to overcome weaknesses, solve problems in international economic activity, use strengths and opportunities. International economic activity is a powerful factor in the development of the country's economy and has a significant potential in regard of natural, economic and human resources, but the study has also revealed problems and negative trends. To identify trends in the effectiveness of the country's international economic activity, export-import performance indicators for 2019, 2020 and similar indicators for 2013 were analyzed. In 2020 a decline in exports in the machine-building industry is observed. Furthermore, the exports are dominated by the raw material component. The growth rate of exported goods refers to industries with a small share of value added. At the same time, imports are dominated by high-tech products, indicating a lack of strategy of technical and technological development, which leads to the deindustrialization of the country, which is a significant threat to the economy of Ukraine as a whole and its international economic activity. In the context of economic globalization, the importance of international economic relations is growing. To increase the efficiency of international economic performance it is crucial to address a number of domestic issues: stabilization of political situation, termination of military actions in the east of the country, overcoming corruption, ensuring technical and technological development, implementation of innovations at enterprises, development and implementation of multi-vector strategy, implementation of the strategy of public diplomacy in order to build a positive image of Ukraine. Further research will focus on assessing the effectiveness of international economic activity, identifying threats to national competitiveness and elaborating recommendations for overcoming them.

EAST ASIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEMS AND THE TRANSITION FROM INVESTMENT-DRIVEN TO INNOVATION-DRIVEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL CARNEY ◽  
ERIC GEDAJLOVIC
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Financial Infrastructure ◽  
Technology Initiatives ◽  
Start Ups

Many of today's high growth and high value-added businesses are concentrated in the knowledge- and innovation-based industries of information technology, telecommunications, biotechnology, media, software and entertainment. Though the governments of Hong Kong, Singapore & Taiwan (Asian NIEs) have invested heavily in promoting these sectors, they have largely failed to produce internationally competitive firms. We argue that government-led initiatives that were appropriate for economies in the investment-driven stage of industrialisation need to be reformed. As some economic sectors approach the technology frontier, diverse financing arrangements are needed to direct capital to high technology start-ups. To complement existing government-related technology initiatives, a more varied financial infrastructure must be developed.

scholarly journals Comparative Advantages of National Pharmaceutical Industries through the Prism of New Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
O. B. Salikhova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Production Facilities

Specific ways of the emergence of new actors in the global market of pharmaceutical goods is investigated, with substantiating the role of transnational corporations (TNC), their investment and technologies in establishing pharmaceutical industries in developing countries. The cases of Puerto Rico and Ireland are taken in order to demonstrate the background for expansion of manufacturing of medicines and medical products and analyze the tendencies in their export capacity building. The factors making pharmaceutical TNC transfer production facilities to India and China are substantiated and implications of this process are highlighted. It is revealed that due to the production internationalization, countries that had been net importers of pharmaceuticals just several decades ago have joined the group of key suppliers to external markets. Because American and European TNC are leading in the pharmaceutical industry by R&D expenditure, they are the principal holders of advanced technologies in the industry. It follows that manufacturing of medicines and medical products in most part of countries either directly or indirectly depend on innovative products of TNC and their technology transfer via various channels (both licensing and imports of components, active pharmaceutical ingredients in particular). It is shown that with the emergence of new market actors coming from developing countries, traditional approaches to determining comparative advantages of counties in the global trade need to be improved. The cases of countries that are recipients of foreign technologies, on which territories powerful high tech pharmaceutical production facilities with high shares of intermediate consumption and heavy export supplies are located due to TNC investment or local public-private capital, give evidence that the classical RCA indicator allows to measure visible comparative advantages in the trade in goods rather than revealed ones. It is proposed that analyses of advantages at country level should include the indicator of high tech goods supplies, to provide for a more accurate description of the innovation component in advanced industries. A new approach to the assessment of comparative advantages of high tech pharmaceutical manufacturing is proposed and tested, which is based on the principle of specialization and use of the ratio of Comparative Advantage in Value Added Activity (CAVA) in particular. It is revealed that the pharmaceutical industry of Ireland, Jordan, Singapore, India or Columbia, with reliance on foreign investment and technologies, could gain advantages in value added creation and dominate the national economies. It is shown that Ukraine is enhancing the advantages in value added creation in the pharmaceutical industry; is it substantiated that due to low R&D and innovation performance and heavy dependence on imported components, capacity building of this industry and its current advantages result from global tendencies and global market conjunctures rather than from the implementation of the national science & technology priorities. According to the author’s recommendation, the proposed approach to determining comparative advantages in value added creation should be used for the assessment of other high tech industries, apart from the pharmaceutical industry, and that is should be supplemented by statistical tools for analysis of foreign trade in finished and intermediate high tech goods.

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