Aberration Caused by Aspirin in the Polytene Chromosomes of the Third Instar Larvae of D. melanogaster: Ectopic Pairing.

AbstractExtreme high-temperature events are the key factor to determine population dynamics of the rice leaf folder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée), in summer. Although we know that adult of this insect can migrate to avoid heat stress, the behavioral response of larva to high temperature is still unclear. Therefore, impacts of high temperature on behavioral traits ofC. medinalisincluding host choice, settling and folding leaf were observed. The results revealed that these behavioral traits were clearly influenced by high temperature. The larvae preferred maize leaves rather than rice and wheat at normal temperature of 27°C, but larvae experienced a higher temperature of 37 or 40°C for 4 h preferred rice leaves rather than maize and wheat. Capacity of young larvae to find host leaves or settle on the upper surface of leaves significantly reduced when they were treated by high temperature. High temperature of 40°C reduced the leaf-folding capacity of the third instar larvae, but no effects were observed on the fourth and fifth instar larvae. Short-term heat acclimation could not improve the capacity of the third instar larvae to make leaf fold under 40°C.

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Polytene and mitotic chromosome analysis in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera; Tephritidae)

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g86-025 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 180-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

D. G. Bedo

Keyword(s):

X Chromosome ◽

Silver Staining ◽

Mitotic Chromosome ◽

Ceratitis Capitata ◽

Fat Body ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome Analysis ◽

Mitotic Chromosomes ◽

Chromosome Separation ◽

Ectopic Pairing

Polytene chromosomes were found in several larval and pupal tissues of the Medfly, Ceratitis capitata, during a search for chromosomes suitable for detailed cytological analysis. Well-banded highly polytene chromosomes, which could be adequately separated and spread, were found in trichogen cells of the spatulate superior orbital bristles of male pupae. These chromosomes proved suitable for full polytene analysis. Thoracic trichogen cells of both male and female pupae also contain useful polytene chromosomes, although they are considerably thinner and thus more difficult to analyze. Contrasting with those in pupal trichogen cells, the chromosomes in the salivary glands, Malphighian tubules, midgut, hindgut, and fat body of larvae and pupae were difficult to prepare because of high levels of ectopic pairing and chromosome fragmentation. In hindgut preparations partial separation of up to three chromosomes was achieved, but in all other tissues no useful chromosome separation was possible. In trichogen polytene cells, five banded chromosomes and a prominent heterochromatic network associated with a nucleolus are found. The mitotic chromosomes respond to C- and Q-banding and silver staining with considerable variation. This is especially so in the X chromosome, which displays an extensive array of bands following both Q-banding and silver staining. Comparison of Q-banded metaphase and polytene chromosomes demonstrates that the five autosomes are represented by conventional polytene chromosomes, while the sex chromosomes are contained in the heterochromatic net, most of which fluoresces strongly. This suggests that the Q-bands of the mitotic X chromosome are replicated to a greater extent than the nonfluorescent material in polytene cells. This investigation shows C. capitata to have excellent cytological material for both polytene and mitotic analysis.Key words: Ceratitis capitata, Medfly, chromosomes (polytene), banding (chromosome).

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Inversion polymorphism in some natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura from central Mexico

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr0703343s ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 343-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Víctor Salceda ◽

Judith Guzmán ◽

Olga Olvera

Keyword(s):

Relative Frequency ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽

Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽

Central Mexico ◽

The Third ◽

Grand Total ◽

Different Populations ◽

Single Larva

Samples of D. pseudoobscura were taken in seventeen localities in Central Mexico inside the parallels 18o - 20o N, with the purpose of determine the chromosomal polymorphism in the third of the different populations of this species. From each captured female a single larva of its offspring was taken, its salivary glands extracted and stained with a solution of aceto orcein to observe the polytene chromosomes. From these smears the corresponding karyotype of each larva was determined, keeping a record of them. With the information gathered the relative frequency of each one of the fourteen different inversions found was calculated. A grand total of 1894 third chromosomes were analyzed. The fourteen different inversions found are equivalent to a 34.1 % of the total chromosomal variation of the species. The most abundant inversions found were: TL 50.6 %, CU 27.2 5, SC 9.1 % and EP 5.5 %; the remaining ten inversions detected are in general grounds rare ones with variable relative frequencies depending on the locality. Analysis of the predominant inversions for each population was done. The presence of West-East gradients is reported, even if in cases not so well defined, since as one moves in a particular direction the ups and downs in relative frequency for the alternating pairs TL-CU; TL-SC in the western populations and TL-CU in the eastern ones were observed. The assignment of each population to a particular race was also done, and such a way we were able to recognize three different races coexisting in the area of study.

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Impacts of dietary exposure to sodium or potassium salts of nitrate and nitrite on the development of Drosophila melanogaster

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.1515/intox-2017-0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 70-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashim Kumar Basak ◽

Tridip Chatterjee ◽

Swapan Kumar Ghosh ◽

Amit Chakravarty

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Food Additives ◽

Polytene Chromosomes ◽

Model Organism ◽

Developmental Outcomes ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Nitrate And Nitrite ◽

Third Instar Larvae

AbstractThe effects of four food additives, namely sodium nitrite (NaNO2), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), potassium nitrite (KNO2), and potassium nitrate (KNO3), on animal development were evaluated by using Drosophila melanogster, a model organism. Adult male and female flies were allowed to breed in culture medium, each containing one of 4 concentrations,i.e.10, 20, 30 or 40 mM of the above mentioned salts. The concentration of 40 mM, NaNO2and KNO2 completely arrested the development of the flies. Of the different concentrations of the four salts tested, exposure of flies to 30 mM NaNO2exhibited only significant delays in the initial appearances of third instar larvae, pupae and young adults, along with huge reduction in the number of pupae and young adults compared to controls. Rearrangements like inversions, deletion looping, regional shrinking, as well as highly enlarged puffing,etc.were also observed in the polytene chromosomes of the third instar larvae exposed to 30 mM NaNO2. Developmental outcomes of the flies exposed to varying concentrations of NaNO3and KNO3 did not differ significantly from the controls. Owing to the extensive genetic homology between Drosophila and human and the successful uses of this fly as models in developmental and toxicological studies, we speculate that the experimental results exhibited by this organism in our study strongly advocate for abstaining from the dietary use of NaNO2and KNO2 during human pregnancies to avoid possible negative developmental outcomes.

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Identification of larvae of two Aphodius Helwig, 1798 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) species using morphology and DNA barcode

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5047.2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5047 (2) ◽

pp. 153-164

Author(s):

ANDREY V. FROLOV ◽

MARIA S. VISHNEVSKAYA ◽

LILIA A. AKHMETOVA

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

The Third ◽

Coi Sequences ◽

First Time ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Third Instar Larvae

The third instar larvae of Aphodius (Alocoderus) hydrochaeris (Fabricius, 1798) and A. (Bodilus) ictericus (Laicharting, 1781) are described based on scanning electron microscopy and COI sequences. COI barcode sequence for A. (A.) hydrohaeris is provided for the first time. Two haplotypes are discovered in A. (B.) ictericus.

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Morphology of immature stages of Paraegidium costalimai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae) and remarks on egg-busters in Scarabaeidae first‑instar larvae

Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia ◽

10.11606/1807-0205/2020.60.special-issue.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Clayton De Jesus e Sousa ◽

Juares Fuhrmann

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

New World ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Old World ◽

The Third ◽

First Instar ◽

Third Instar Larvae

Studies about the immature stages of Orphninae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) species are scarce. The subfamily includes 214 species, but only 5 have the immature stages described: Chaetonyx robustus liguricus Mariani, 1946, Hybalus benoiti Tournier, 1864, H. rotroui Petrovitz, 1964 and Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844) from Old World; and Aegidium cribratum Bates, 1887 from the New World. The Neotropical genus Paraegidium Vulcano, Pereira & Martinez, 1966 encompass five species, mainly recorded from Brazil. Herein, the immature stages of P. costalimai Vulcano, Pereira & Martinez, 1966 are described and illustrated, along with remarks on the presence of egg-buster in Scarabaeidae first-instar larvae. A key to the third-instar larvae of known Orphninae and a comparative study of chaetotaxy are also provided.

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Description of the third instar larvae of five species of Cyclocephala (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae, Dynastinae) from Mexico

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia ◽

10.1590/s0085-56262014000300001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 219-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Miguel A. Morón ◽

Gabriel A. Lugo-García ◽

Agustín Aragón-García

Keyword(s):

The Third ◽

Third Instar Larvae

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NATURAL MORTALITY OF THE PINE SHOOT MOTH, RHYACIONIA BUOLIANA (SCHIFF.) (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE), IN ENGLAND

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z60-079 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 755-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Harris

Keyword(s):

Differential Survival ◽

Trichogramma Evanescens ◽

Annual Fluctuation ◽

The Third ◽

Internal Parasites ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

Total Proportion ◽

Cool Summer ◽

One Year ◽

Third Instar Larvae

A population of R. buoliana infesting a young Scots pine plantation was followed through three generations. The most important causes of mortality in the population were an egg parasite, probably Trichogramma evanescens; the failure of the third instar larvae to establish themselves in the buds; two external parasites, Scambus sagax attacking the larvae in the autumn and Exeristes ruficollis attacking the larvae in the spring; three internal parasites, Orgilus obscurator, Temelucha interrupter, and Eulimneria rufifemur, attacking the larvae in the autumn but killing it in the spring after the trees were damaged; and a fungus, Paecilomyces farinosus, that usually killed the larvae in the autumn. The total proportion of the population killed by parasites and fungus was usually constant from one year to the next, though the abundance of T. interruptor increased.Most of the annual fluctuation in abundance of the moth was caused by the differential survival of the third instar larvae. After a cool summer the third instar larvae were not developed until September and most of them failed to establish themselves in the buds and perished. On the other hand in a warm summer when the larvae developed earlier and attacked the buds in July, most of them were successful.

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