scholarly journals Morphology of immature stages of Paraegidium costalimai (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae) and remarks on egg-busters in Scarabaeidae first‑instar larvae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Clayton De Jesus e Sousa ◽  
Juares Fuhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
New World ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Studies about the immature stages of Orphninae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) species are scarce. The subfamily includes 214 species, but only 5 have the immature stages described: Chaetonyx robustus liguricus Mariani, 1946, Hybalus benoiti Tournier, 1864, H. rotroui Petrovitz, 1964 and Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin, 1844) from Old World; and Aegidium cribratum Bates, 1887 from the New World. The Neotropical genus Paraegidium Vulcano, Pereira & Martinez, 1966 encompass five species, mainly recorded from Brazil. Herein, the immature stages of P. costalimai Vulcano, Pereira & Martinez, 1966 are described and illustrated, along with remarks on the presence of egg-buster in Scarabaeidae first-instar larvae. A key to the third-instar larvae of known Orphninae and a comparative study of chaetotaxy are also provided.

Description of the pupa and redescription of the third instar of Phileurus valgus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (3) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
MARIO G. IBARRA-POLESEL ◽  
NESTOR G. VALLE ◽  
JHON C. NEITA-MORENO ◽  
MIRYAM P. DAMBORSKY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New World ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage

Phileurus valgus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) is a common species widely distributed from the southern United States to Argentina and the West Indies. In this work the immature stages are described and illustrated based on specimens from Argentina. A key to the known third-stage larvae of New World Phileurini species is provided and updated. Notes on the life cycle and natural history are also included. 

Phenology and field biology of the dung beetle onitis caffer Boheman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in southern Africa

1986 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope B. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
The Third ◽  
Field Biology ◽  
June July ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractThe biology and development of immature stages of summer (SR) and winter rainfall (WR) strains of Onitis caffer Boheman were studied in South Africa in a summer rainfall area (Pretoria). A pair of adult beetles buried up to 650 ml of dung from one dung pad, and females laid an average of 1 egg for every 62 ml of dung buried. Broods were buried at an average depth of 50 cm in watered soil and 24 cm in unwatered soil. Eggs laid in June (winter) hatched 10 weeks later. The third instar was reached by late October. WR larvae suffered higher mortality (82%) with the onset of summer rains than did SR larvae (53%). By the following June, 6% of surviving WR individuals had emerged as adults, 12% were adults in faecal shells and 82% were diapausing third-instar larvae. Of the SR individuals, 67% emerged by June and 33% were diapausing third-instar larvae. In a second experiment, two groups of broods of the SR strain of O. caffer of different ages were set out in the field in June. One group, equivalent to broods produced early in the season (March), entered diapause as third-instar larvae, and adults emerged the following autumn. The second group represented broods produced later in the season (May); the majority did not diapause, but adults also emerged the following autumn. A field population of SR adults of O. caffer was sampled for two years. Adults were first recorded at the end of February (late summer), and newly-emerged specimens were caught up until the end of April. Maximum numbers were recorded in late March to early April (autumn), and activity ceased in June-July (winter).

Notes upon the biology and morphology of the immature stages of Neottiophilum praeustum (Meigen, 1926)(Diptera: Neottiophilidae) parasitic on birds

Parasitology ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Primitive Character ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

1. The feeding habits of second- and third-instar larvae of Neottiophilum praeustum have been observed and show that this species is a true parasite of birds and feeds by sucking the blood of nestlings.2. If they are too numerous the larvae may kill the nestlings. Although they will continue to feed upon dead birds, and even penetrate into the viscera, such food is unsuitable for the development of the larvae and they become greatly distended and die within a few days.3. The morphology of the hitherto unknown second-instar larva is described and is compared with that of the third instar.4. Within the puparium of Neottiophilum praeustum there is a fourth moult resulting in the formation of a cast prepupal cuticle which resembles that described by Snodgrass in Rhagoletis pomonella and is much better developed than the prepupal cuticle in Calliphora erythrocephala.5. The better development of the prepupal cuticle in the acalypterates than in calypterates indicates that the presence of a prepupal stage in the cyclorrhaphous Diptera is a primitive character and is progressively reduced until in the higher families it is almost vestigial.

Ultrastructure of the Immature Stages of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae: Muscinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712-1721
Author(s):  
Lucas Barbosa Cortinhas ◽  
Paloma Martins Mendonça ◽  
Marina Vianna Braga ◽  
Margareth Maria de Carvalho Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Anterior Spiracle ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Abstract Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) is a muscoid species that is widespread throughout the world and acts as a mechanical vector of different enteropathogens primarily in underdeveloped countries. The adult and its immature forms are associated with decaying organic matter and can be seen visiting human corpses and animal carcass, and the larvae can also cause an infestation on human and animal wounds, feeding on the tissues. These characteristics make them have a forensic significance and, mainly, a great sanitary importance. This study aimed to analyze and describe morphological aspects of their immature stages of M. domestica, including the eggs, the first-, second-, and third-instar larvae, and the puparium using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The eggs have standard format that all muscoid flies shared. The exochorion has some modified cells that were used for embryonic respiration. The first-instar larvae present two openings on the posterior spiracle as in the second-instar larvae, but with the last one, we can observe the anterior spiracle structure. The third-instar larvae, as in some other Muscidae species, have a posterior spiracular opening with a sinuous form that is located near the edge of the spiracular plate. The puparium morphology is equal to the third instar with a respiratory structure that helps the breathing during the metamorphosis process. This article supports the need for knowledge over the morphological characteristics of the immature forms of the muscoid Diptera (Linnaeus, 1758) at the same time helping with the correct identification of this insect phase.

The immature stages of the Old-World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana villeneuve, with comparative notes on other australasian species of Chrysomya (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Kitching
Keyword(s):  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Old World ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Chrysomya Bezziana ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractThe eggs, three larval instars and puparia of Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve are described and illustrated in detail by scanning electron micrographs. Particular attention is paid to the extent and nature of the median strip in the eggs and the spine bands and spiracular structures in the larvae and puparia.Eggs and third-instar larvae of five other species of Chrysomya, C. nigripes Aubertin, C. varipes (Macquart), C. rufifacies (Macquart), C. saffranea (Bigot) and C. megacephala (F.), are illustrated, described and compared with C. bezziana and each other by means of keys, which also permit their identification. In addition, notes on the puparia of these species are provided.

Larval and pupal descriptions for the genera Podischnus and Heterogomphus (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2168 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
JHON CÉSAR NEITA MORENO ◽  
JESÚS OROZCO
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Time ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The larva and pupa of Heterogomphus dilaticollis Burmeister and Podischnus agenor (Olivier) (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini) are described for the first time based on specimens from Colombia. Podischnus agenor is the first species in the genus to have its immature stages described. Keys to the third-instar larvae of genera in the tribe Oryctini and species of Heterogomphus are included. Data on larval natural history for both species are provided.

scholarly journals Morfología de estados inmaduros de tres especies de Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) con una clave para larvas de tercer estado en Colombia

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra María Bran ◽  
Martha Eugenia Londoño ◽  
Luis Carlos Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Immature Stages ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Made In ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

<p>Las larvas de algunas especies de escarabajos rizófagos constituyen un serio problema fitosanitario en varias regiones agrícolas de Colombia; conforman comunidades en las que ocurren especies dañinas e inocuas cuya similitud  morfológica aparente dificulta su diferenciación y limita el diagnóstico en campo. A fin de aportar soluciones a esta situación se realizaron muestreos de larvas del género <em>Cyclocephala</em>, uno de los más frecuentes en los cultivos de seis municipios de Antioquia y uno de Caldas (Colombia). Las larvas obtenidas se criaron y codificaron individualmente para facilitar la observación de su desarrollo hasta el estado de adulto y hacer una identificación positiva. Se colectaron en total 82 larvas representativas de <em>Cyclocephala fulgurata, C. lunulata </em>y <em>C. gregaria</em>, de las cuales se describen caracteres e ilustran estructuras diagnósticas. A partir de una matriz de 70 caracteres se seleccionaron seis (relativos a la quetotaxia craneal, la maxila y el tarsúngulo) que hicieron posible elaborar una clave para identificar las larvas de tercer estadio del género.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Morphology of immature stages of three species of Cyclocephala and taxonomic key to third-instar larvae (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in Colombia</strong></p><p>Some larvae species of rhizophagous beetles constitute themselves in a serious phytosanitary problem in several agricultural regions of Colombia as they conform communities, both harmful and innocuous, but apparent morphologic similarities makes it difficult to differentiate them, limiting the field diagnosis. To contribute to the study of this problem, samplings of one of the most abundant collected species, Cyclocephala larvae, were made, in crops of six towns of Antioquia and one of Caldas. To facilitate positive adult observation, larvae were individually numbered. In all, eighty two larvae of Cyclocephala fulgurate, C. lunulata and C. gregarious were collected and their characteristic and diagnostic features described and illustrated. From a matrix of seventy characters, six cranial quetotaxic, maxilar and tarsungular characters were used to make a taxonomic key to identify the third-instar larvae.</p>

scholarly journals Detection of heroin metabolites at different developmental stages of Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) reared in heroin-treated meat: a preliminary analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooratiny Ishak ◽  
Abu Hassan Ahmad ◽  
Siti Azizah Mohamad Noor ◽  
Azwandi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Toxicological Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Abstract Background Blowfly larvae and pupae collected during post-mortem forensic investigation can be analysed to detect drugs or toxins in a dead body. Drug or toxin-contaminated tissues of human remains consumed by blowfly larvae are stored in the crop even after a body has decomposed to the point where no fluid or tissues are retrievable. Therefore, blowfly larva and pupa are favourable specimens under conditions in which host tissues or blood samples are not available. Methodology We carried out a study to detect heroin metabolites in Lucilia cuprina (Weidemann, 1830) immatures fed on different concentrations of heroin-treated meat: 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, and 10,000 ng/μl. Heroin metabolites detection was performed by a gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GCMS) analysis. Results This study indicates that L. cuprina can be utilized in a toxicological analysis to detect heroin in a host. However, the expected complete metabolites of heroin were not detected in the first instar larvae and pupa, while the second and third instar larvae contributed to a complete heroin metabolite which was morphine. This was subject to the heroin concentration given. Morphine was detected in the third instar larvae treated with 5000 and 10,000 ng/μl heroin, while in the second instar, it was detected only at 10,000 ng/μl. Heroin metabolites detected in the second and third instar larvae proves that biochemical conversions occur in the fly larvae. Conclusion The absence of heroin metabolites in the first instar larvae and pupa does not necessarily mean that the drug was not present in the host. Therefore, the limitations of heroin detection capability during these stages should be always kept in mind, as this could contribute to a false-negative result in a forensic analysis. If all stages are available during sample collection, it is crucial to prioritize the third instar larvae in a toxicological analysis.

scholarly journals Aster and Brachyactis in Illinois

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 139-194
Author(s):  
Almut G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
The State ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The need for a comprehensive study and taxonomic revision of asters in Illinois becomes apparent when one looks at the varied treatments of this genus in the principal floristic literature of the state (G.N. Jones 1945, 1950, 1963; Jones and Fuller 1935: Mohlenbrock 1975. 1986; Mohlenbrock and Ladd 1978. Three factors contribute to the differences found in these works: the number of taxa recorded for Illinois, nomenclatural considerations such as those dictated by the principle of priority, and differences in taxonomic concepts and interpretations. In the first edition of Flora of Illinois (G.N. Jones 1945). 33 species are treated under Aster, not counting hybrids. Three additional species appear in the third edition (G.N. Jones 1963): A. chasei G.N. Jones in Jones & Fuller, a species newly described from Illinois: A. tartaricus L.f.. an occasionally escaped cultivated species; and A.parviveps (Burgess in Britton & Brown) Mack. & Bush, probably inadvertently omitted from the first two editions but included in Jones and Fuller (1955). In the most recent (Guide to the Vascular Flora of Illinois. Mohlenbrock (1986) treats 35 species. A notable change involves the transfer of A. ptarmicoides (Nees) Torrey & Gray to Solidago. In this revision, I recognize 31 species of Aster in the state of Illinois. My research has concentrated on New World and some Old World species of Aster (sensu lato) forever 15 years (A.G. Jones 1974, 1977, 1978a, b, c. I980a, b, 1982, 1983,1984, 1987; Jones and Hiepko 1981; Jones and Young 1983; Jones and Lowry 1986; and others), and much additional infomation has been introduced in this current study. My taxonomic concepts are summarized in the conspectus of classification of Illinois Aster species.

Description of larvae of four Haliplus species from Australia (Coleoptera: Haliplidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 155 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Bernhard J. van Vondel
Keyword(s):  
Instar Larva ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The third instar larvae of Haliplus fortescueensis Watts & McRae, 2010, H. halsei Watts & McRae, 2010, H. pilbaraensis Watts & McRae, 2010 and H. pinderi Watts & McRae, 2010 are described, together with the first instar larva of H. halsei Watts & McRae, 2010. A key to the six known third stage larvae of Australian Haliplidae is given and notes are given on subgeneric placement of the species.

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