Doppelte Monster, infizierte Körper. William Bateson, D’Arcy Thompson und die computerbasierte Architektur

Morphologien ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Keyword(s):  
William Bateson

William Bateson, Richard Goldschmidt, and Non-Genic Modes of Speciation

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Forsdyke
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Parental Factors ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
William Bateson ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Richard Goldschmidt

Sometimes a cross between two individuals that appear to belong to the same species produces a sterile offspring (i.e., their hybrid is sterile). Thus, the two individuals appear reproductively isolated from each other. If each could find a compatible mate, then new species might emerge. At issue is whether the form of hybrid sterility that precedes sympatric differentiation into species is, in the general case, of genic or non-genic origin. Several recent papers lend the authority of William Bateson to the genic hypothesis, referring to the "Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller hypothesis". All these papers cite a 1996 paper that, in turn, cites a 1909 paper of Bateson. However, from 1902 until 1926 the latter espoused a non-genic hypothesis that today would be classified as "chromosomal". Analysis of Bateson's 1909 text reveals no recantation. Bateson's non-genic view was similar to that advanced by Richard Goldschmidt in the 1940s. However, Bateson proposed a contribution from parents of abstract factors that, together in their hybrids, complement to bring about a negative effect (hybrid sterility). In contrast, Goldschmidt proposed that normally parents contribute complementary factors making parental chromosomes compatible at meiosis in their hybrids, which hence are fertile (i.e., the parental factors work together to produce a positive effect). When the factors are not sufficiently complementary the parental chromosomes are incompatible in their hybrids, which hence are sterile. The non-genic Batesonian–Goldschmidtian abstractions are now being fleshed-out chemically in terms of DNA base-composition differences.

Signals from the Goal

Runaway ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
A Value ◽  
William Bateson ◽  
Theories Of Evolution ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter places Bateson's work with dolphins within a broader 1960s "dolphin mystique"--a cultural site where anxieties over modern science’s physical models went unresolved. Most associated with scientist John C. Lilly, the dolphin mystique had futurist, utilitarian, and romantic components, also found in a similar "outer space mystique." The chapter shows how Lilly's and Bateson's research goals differed through a further substantiation of the sources of Bateson's thought: the Macy Conferences on Cybernetics (his theory of play, the concepts of positive feedback, negative feedback, servomechanisms, and the naturalization of teleology); and his father William Bateson and his career amid the ongoing conflict between Darwinist and Lamarckian theories of evolution. In Hawaii, Bateson expressed his isolation from potential peers and research frustrations in letters to old friend and Darwin granddaughter/scholar Nora Barlow. This isolation, however, allowed Bateson to articulate a justification for scientific inquiry that was neither utilitarian nor a value-neutral pursuit of truth, but an effort to establish an accurate depiction of the relationship between nature and the human self, which he called the riddle of the Sphinx.

scholarly journals Barbara McClintock, 16 June 1902 - 2 September 1992

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Genetic Knowledge ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
William Bateson ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Barbara Mcclintock ◽  
The Impact

Barbara McClintock’s remarkable life spanned the history of genetics in the 20th century. Though technically rooted in Mendel’s experiments carried out decades earlier, the science of genetics began with the rediscovery of his work at the turn of the century. In 1902, the year of McClintock’s birth, William Bateson wrote prophetically that ‘an exact determination of the laws of heredity will probably work more change in man’s outlook on the world, and in his power over nature, than any other advance in natural knowledge that can be clearly foreseen’. Indeed, the science of genetics, to which McClintock made seminal contributions, both experimental and conceptual, has come to dominate all of the biological sciences, from molecular biology, through cell and developmental biology, to medicine and agriculture. And Bateson’s immodest guess was arguably an underestimate of the impact of genetic knowledge on humanity.

Problems of Genetics. William Bateson

1982 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Burian
Keyword(s):  
William Bateson

Nondisjunction in canaries: data of Durham (1926)

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sittmann
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Breeding Experiment ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
William Bateson ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Evolution Committee ◽  
Royal Society Of London

The largest controlled breeding experiment with canaries, conducted 70 years ago under the auspices of William Bateson (F. M. Durham and D. C. E. Marryat, 1908. Royal Society of London, Reports to the Evolution Committee, Report 4: 57–60.), involved 1300 birds with either black or pink eye color. The difference is governed by two alleles at the Z-linked cinnamon locus. Crosses between pink-eyed males (bb) and black-eyed females (BW) produced unexpected pink sons and black daughters that are attributed to primary nondisjunction in meiosis II of spermatogenesis. Several interdependent estimates of the incidence of nondisjunction progeny range up to 16 ± 3%. Cytological evidence is lacking for Durham's (F. M. Durham. 1926. J. Get. 17: 19–32.) and other presumptive nondisjunction cases in the contemporary literature comprising canaries, doves, and pigeons.

scholarly journals The relative roles of politics and science: William Bateson, black slavery, eugenics and speciation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R Forsdyke
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
General Public ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Politics And Science ◽  
William Bateson ◽  
Biological Character ◽  
And Training

William Bateson’s background and training suggest sympathy with the black emancipation movement. Yet the movement’s success is attributed more to battles between political figures, than between scientists with contending views on the biology of racial differences. Perhaps, in the long term, Bateson’s contributions to slavery andeugenic issues will be seen as no less important than those of politicians. Mendel’sdiscovery of what we now know as “genes” languished until seized upon by Bateson in 1900. For six exhausting years he struggled to win scientific acceptance of these biological character-determining units. Later, he pressed the Mendelian message home to the general public, opposing simplistic applications of Mendelian principles to human affairs, and arguing that minor genic differences that distinguished races – e.g. skin colour – can seldom initiate new species. Indeed, the spark that initiates a divergence into two species can be non-genic. We are one reproductively isolated population, the human species.

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