8. Transnational social networks, human capital and economic resources of Polish immigrants in Scotland

2013 ◽  
pp. 155-168 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Transnational Social Networks

scholarly journals The Use of Human Capital and Limitations of Social Capital in Advancing Economic Security among Immigrant Women Living in Central Alberta, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choon-Lee Chai ◽  
Kayla Ueland ◽  
Tabitha Phiri
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Bonding Social Capital ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Alternative Resource

In this research, the challenges of using human capital and the effectiveness of social capital as an alternative resource used by immigrant women from non-English-speaking countries living in Central Alberta for them to attain economic security are studied. Evidence indicates heavy use of bonding social capital by immigrant women—primarily through family, ethnic, and religious networks—as a “survival” resource at the initial stage of settlement. The bonding social capital is relatively easy to access; nevertheless, in the case of visible minority immigrant women living in Central Alberta, bonding social capital has limited capacity in helping them to obtain economic security because their family and friends themselves often lack economic resources. As a result, these immigrant women are expected to compete in the labor market using their human capital to obtain higher-paying jobs. The challenge among immigrant women remains in seeking recognition of non-Canadian credentials, and/or successful acquisition and deployment of Canadian credentials in the primary labor market.

The Social Geography of Migration and Preferences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela M. Dancygier
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Communal Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Selection Mechanisms

This chapter describes the preference landscape that parties confront when they contemplate inclusion strategies. In essence, parties face a minority electorate whose preferences and attributes present them with an uneasy ideological fit, but whose votes can swing elections. The chapter then argues that disagreements over social values and norms between non-Muslims and Muslims are greatest where parties face the strongest inclusion pressures, namely in vote-rich neighborhoods in urban areas. Additionally, these areas are most likely to raise conflicts over economic resources, thereby intensifying inclusion dilemmas. The chapter reviews the processes that have led to this preference distribution, explaining how selection mechanisms of the migration process, available housing stock, and enclave formation have served to replicate in Europe's cities the social networks and norms that structure communal life in the sending towns and villages.

scholarly journals Multi-dimensional couple bargaining and housework allocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Gøsta Esping-Andersen ◽  
Christian Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Multiple Resources ◽  
Significant Difference

Research on couple bargaining and housework allocation focuses almost exclusively on partners’ economic resources. In this study, we ask whether additional bargaining resources, namely physical appearance and social networks, may exert a distinct effect – that is, whether partners can mobilize multiple resources within their bargaining framework. A focus on multiple bargaining chips is made possible by the German Socio-Economic Panel Study. In line with previous research, we conclude that earnings potential is the most important bargaining chip. But we also find that physical attractiveness can make a significant difference, although its effects depend on age. We uncover no distinct effects for social networks.

scholarly journals The influence of intangible forms of capital on farms 

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
M. Lošťák
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Types Of Knowledge

Intangible issues, which are often very difficult to be quantified become more and more the field of interest of social sciences. There are many research works demonstrating that various types of knowledge, institutions, social networks, and social relations have a great influence on human activities as for efficient achievement of the actors’ goals. This paper relates expert knowledge (shaping professional qualification) to human capital and tacit knowledge (understood as a broader, general, and contextual knowledge) to cultural capital. Both forms of capital exist in their primary form only in concrete individual persons. Concerning collective persons (firm, community), cultural and human capitals are transformed into intellectual capital. Work with specific knowledge, tacit knowledge and capitals corresponding to them shows the role of social networks and social capital in their organization. Using the analysis of two farms based on natural experiment, the paper demonstrates the role of tacit knowledge and cultural capital (opposing to the overestimated role of expert knowledge and human capital). The conclusions outline social determination of both types of knowledge through social networks and social capital needed for an efficient work of a farm. 

Multidimensional, complex and contingent: Exploring international PhD students’ social mobility

Ethnicities ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146879682096670
Author(s):  
Rituparna Roy ◽  
Shinya Uekusa ◽  
Jeevan Karki
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Highly Skilled Migrants ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Multidimensional Complex ◽  
Downward Social Mobility

This paper is a collaborative autoethnography (CAE) by three international PhD students from Bangladesh, Japan and Nepal who pursued (or who are currently pursuing) their studies in New Zealand. In contrast to previous research which largely advanced a simplistic, downward social mobility experience of international PhD students or highly skilled migrants in general, we argue that this experience is dynamic, complex and multidimensional in nature. In doing so, we turn to Bourdieu’s theory of capital. By focusing on less-direct economic resources (e.g. ethnicity, nationality, language and social networks), we explore the multidimensionality and convolution of our social mobility which stems from migration. Setting aside a narrative of adversity and downward social mobility among international PhD students, this paper emphasizes how we actively negotiated and dealt with shifting class identity and social mobility in the host countries.

scholarly journals Entry Class and the Early Employment Experience of Immigrants in Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli Phythian ◽  
David Walters ◽  
Paul Anisef
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Immigrants And Refugees ◽  
The Social

Despite its policy importance, research related to the economic performance of immigrants by entry class is sorely lacking. It is generally presumed that immigrants selected on the basis of human capital will have better economic outcomes than unscreened immigrants; however, there is speculation that the social networks of family immigrants provide access to employment resources not available to others. Both arguments have merit, yet there is little research to support either claim. This study utilizes data from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada to investigate the association between entry class and employment status of immigrants six months after arrival. Findings reveal little difference between skilled workers and family immigrants, while business immigrants and refugees are much less likely to be employed. Policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Social Networks and Transnational Social Fields: A Review of Quantitative and Mixed-Methods Approaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Jessica Lubbers ◽  
Ashton M. Verdery ◽  
José Luis Molina
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Transnational Social Fields ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transnational Social Networks

Scholars of transnationalism have argued that migrants create transnational social fields or spaces that connect their place of origin to destination areas. Despite the centrality that social networks have in the definition of these concepts, quantitative and mixed-methods social network research is rare in research on transnationalism. This situation, however, has changed over the last decade, and the transnational social networks of migrants have been studied with multiple methodologies. So far, this literature has not been systematically evaluated. With the aim of taking stock of this research, we classify the literature into four types of approaches (individual, household, dyad/small set, and community) and review their distinct contributions regarding the functioning of immigrants’ transnational networks, as well as the relative strengths and limitations of each approach. On the basis of our analysis, we discuss pathways for future investigation.

scholarly journals Geographic structure of migrant labor market in China: A case study of four city-regions in Fujian

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yu ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Liyue Lin
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Development Levels

This study attempts to examine how local migrant labour markets behave differently in regions with varying development levels and local economic characteristics, based on a 2009 migrant survey conducted in four case cities in Fujian province, China. The study reveals that earnings characteristics and the role of earnings determents vary greatly across geographic regions. Specifically, in the economically more developed region, the return to human capital is higher, the effect of primitive social networks is lower, and the effect of institutional and cultural barriers is weaker.

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