7. Rabbinic Reflections on Divine– Human Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-226
Author(s):  
Galit Rokem ◽  
Israel Yuval
Keyword(s):  
Human Interactions

Thomas Schelling, Robert Aumann and Interactive Decision Theory (2005 Nobel Prize in Economics)

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-21
Author(s):  
A. Belyanin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Rational Behavior ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Applied Industrial Organization ◽  
Nobel Prize Laureates ◽  
Thomas Schelling ◽  
Human Rationality

The paper describes the contributions of T. Schelling and R. J. Aumann, the Nobel Prize laureates of 2005 in economics, to modern economics and social sciences. Their key contributions were in the field of the game theory - a major tool to study human interactions and rational behavior in a wide variety of contexts, from applied industrial organization to labor economics, public policy, international relations and political science. Works by Aumann and Schelling were pathbreaking in this respect, and have paved the way to many modern developments that enhance our understanding of human rationality.

The Attempt to Author the World: How Intellectualism Denies the Individual

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Wheelock
Keyword(s):  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Existential Theory ◽  
Feminist Scholar ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Existential Issues

Although primarily known as a feminist scholar and author of such works as She Came to Stay and The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir contributed heavily to French existential thought. The two writings upon which this paper focuses, The Ethics of Ambiguity and The Woman Destroyed, deal with the existential issues involved in human interactions and personal relationships. The Ethics of Ambiguity, famous as an exploration of the ethical code created by existential theory, begins with a criticism of Marxism and the ways in which it deviates from existentialism. Similarly, the first of the three short stories that make up de Beauvoir’s fictional work The Woman Destroyed follows the French intelligentsia and their similarities and digressions from Marxist and existential thought. In this paper, I seek to analyze Simone de Beauvoir’s criticism of Marxist theory in The Ethics of Ambiguity and its transformation into the critique of intellectualism found twenty years later in The Woman Destroyed. I will investigate Marxism’s alleged attempts to constrain the group it wishes to lead and the motivation behind these actions. Finally, I conclude with a discussion of the efficacy of fiction as a medium for de Beauvoir’s philosophy.

Pregnancy Cravings: Visitation at a Food-Provisioning Site is Driven by the Reproductive Status of Bottlenose Dolphins

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Valeria Senigaglia ◽  
Lars Bejder
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Tourism Attractions ◽  
Marine Wildlife

Marine wildlife tourism attractions often use food rewards to ensure close-up encounters with freeranging animals. In Bunbury, Western Australia, the Dolphin Discovery Centre (DDC) conducts a foodprovision program where bottlenose dolphins (N = 22; between 2000 and 2018) are offered food rewards to encourage their visitation at a beach in front of the DDC. We used historical records on individual beach visits by adult female dolphins collected by the DDC from 2000 to 2018 to develop generalized mixed effects models (GLMM) to test whether the frequency of beach visitation was influenced by their reproductive status (pregnant, lactating, nonreproductive) or climatic events (El Niño-Southern Oscillation phases) that could affect prey availability. We also quantified the behavioral budget of dolphins during food-provisioning sessions and documented intra- and interspecific aggressive behaviors using individual focal follows collected in 2017–2018. Provisioned females spend most of the time resting within the interaction area (66.3%) and aggressive interactions arise as a consequence of dominance behavior over food access. Visitation rates were most influenced by reproductive status with pregnant and lactating females visiting the provisioning area more frequently (z = 2.085, p = 0.037 and z = 2.437, p = 0.014, respectively). Females that frequently visit the provisioning area expose their dependent calves to regular human interactions at an early age when they are more susceptible to behavioral conditioning. Such experiences could cause the loss of awareness towards humans and promote maladaptive behaviors such as begging that increase risk of entanglement in fishing gear, boat strikes, and propeller injuries.

Modelling Gas Processing Unit: An Inter-disciplinary Approach Based on Petri Nets

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Florentina Mihalache
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Process ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Effective Representation ◽  
Modelling Approach

A modelling approach that will facilitate an in-depth understanding of the interactions of the different phenomena, human interactions and environmental factors constituting �real world� industrial processes is presented. An important industrial system such as Gas Processing Unit (GPU) have inter-related internal process activities coexisting with external events and requires a real time inter-disciplinary approach to model them. This modeling framework is based on identifying as modules, the part of processes that have interactions and can be considered active participants in overall behaviour. The selected initial set of modules are structured as Petri net models and made to interact iteratively to provide process states of the system. The modeling goal is accomplished by identifying the evolution of the process states as a means of effective representation of the �actual running�� of the industrial process. The paper discusses the function and the implementation of the modelling method as applicable to the industrial case of GPU.

EARTH, ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN INTERACTIONS IN TENNESSEE: INSIGHTS FROM A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL FIELD COURSE EXPERIENCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil P. Kelley ◽  
◽  
Rodney Blackwell ◽  
Aniya Bryant ◽  
Amaris Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Interactions ◽  
Earth Environment ◽  
Course Experience ◽  
Institutional Field

scholarly journals Semi-automatic liver segmentation based on probabilistic models and anatomical constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doan Cong Le ◽  
Krisana Chinnasarn ◽  
Jirapa Chansangrat ◽  
Nattawut Keeratibharat ◽  
Paramate Horkaew
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Graph Cut ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
Liver Segmentation ◽  
Seed Point ◽  
Tissue Separation ◽  
Human Interactions

AbstractSegmenting a liver and its peripherals from abdominal computed tomography is a crucial step toward computer aided diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Despite the recent advances in computing methods, faithfully segmenting the liver has remained a challenging task, due to indefinite boundary, intensity inhomogeneity, and anatomical variations across subjects. In this paper, a semi-automatic segmentation method based on multivariable normal distribution of liver tissues and graph-cut sub-division is presented. Although it is not fully automated, the method minimally involves human interactions. Specifically, it consists of three main stages. Firstly, a subject specific probabilistic model was built from an interior patch, surrounding a seed point specified by the user. Secondly, an iterative assignment of pixel labels was applied to gradually update the probabilistic map of the tissues based on spatio-contextual information. Finally, the graph-cut model was optimized to extract the 3D liver from the image. During post-processing, overly segmented nodal regions due to fuzzy tissue separation were removed, maintaining its correct anatomy by using robust bottleneck detection with adjacent contour constraint. The proposed system was implemented and validated on the MICCAI SLIVER07 dataset. The experimental results were benchmarked against the state-of-the-art methods, based on major clinically relevant metrics. Both visual and numerical assessments reported herein indicated that the proposed system could improve the accuracy and reliability of asymptomatic liver segmentation.

scholarly journals A Review on Human–AI Interaction in Machine Learning and Insights for Medical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Maadi ◽  
Hadi Akbarzadeh Khorshidi ◽  
Uwe Aickelin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Interactive Machine Learning ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Domain Expertise ◽  
Expertise Level

Objective: To provide a human–Artificial Intelligence (AI) interaction review for Machine Learning (ML) applications to inform how to best combine both human domain expertise and computational power of ML methods. The review focuses on the medical field, as the medical ML application literature highlights a special necessity of medical experts collaborating with ML approaches. Methods: A scoping literature review is performed on Scopus and Google Scholar using the terms “human in the loop”, “human in the loop machine learning”, and “interactive machine learning”. Peer-reviewed papers published from 2015 to 2020 are included in our review. Results: We design four questions to investigate and describe human–AI interaction in ML applications. These questions are “Why should humans be in the loop?”, “Where does human–AI interaction occur in the ML processes?”, “Who are the humans in the loop?”, and “How do humans interact with ML in Human-In-the-Loop ML (HILML)?”. To answer the first question, we describe three main reasons regarding the importance of human involvement in ML applications. To address the second question, human–AI interaction is investigated in three main algorithmic stages: 1. data producing and pre-processing; 2. ML modelling; and 3. ML evaluation and refinement. The importance of the expertise level of the humans in human–AI interaction is described to answer the third question. The number of human interactions in HILML is grouped into three categories to address the fourth question. We conclude the paper by offering a discussion on open opportunities for future research in HILML.

scholarly journals Public Roads as Places of Interspecies Conflict: A Study of Horse-Human Interactions on UK Roads and Impacts on Equine Exercise

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Danica Pollard ◽  
Tamzin Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Near Miss ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
The Road ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Conflict Risk ◽  
The Individual

Real or perceived traffic risk is a significant barrier to walking and cycling. To understand whether similar barriers influence equestrians, this study obtained exercise behaviours, road use and experiences of road-related incidents from UK equestrians (n = 6390) via an online questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with road use and experiencing a near-miss or injury-causing incident in the previous year. Content analysis identified themes around equestrians’ decisions not to use roads. Our results show that most equestrians (84%) use roads at least once weekly, and in the previous year, 67.7% had a near-miss and 6.1% an injury-causing incident. Road use differs regionally, with exercise type and off-road route availability. Road-using equestrians covered greater daily distances and were younger. However, younger equestrians were at higher risk of near-misses. Respondents’ decisions not to use roads were based on individualised risk assessments arising from: the road itself, perceptions of other road users, the individual horse and the handler’s own emotional management. Roads were perceived as extremely dangerous places with potentially high conflict risk. Injury-causing incidents were associated with increasing road-use anxiety or ceasing to use roads, the proximity of off-road routes, having a near-miss and type of road use. Targeted road-safety campaigns and improved off-road access would create safer equestrian spaces.

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