scholarly journals SignaTM – Towards Electronic Document Cross-Border Interoperability

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Jeremy Besson ◽  
Adomas Birstunas ◽  
Antanas Mitasiunas ◽  
Arunas Stockus
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Document ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
Technical Standardization

Abstract Transfer of information-based services to an electronic environment is the accomplished fact. Some of such services lead to creation of electronic documents that are signed by qualified e-signature and have legal value equal to hand-signed documents. In fact, the documents are created not for private use but for an exchange with the others. The main challenge of the electronic document usage is their interoperability. An electronic document is a dual technical and legal artefact that depends on a national legislation system and “lives” within a national platform of electronic documents. Therefore, an electronic document is not a subject of technical standardization only. The paper introduces a new concept for an electronic document cross-border interoperability solution based on creation of original copies for each national electronic document platform of the document signatories.

scholarly journals Cryptographic Recursive Control of Integrity of Metadata Electronic Documents. Part 1. Mathematical Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 2-18
Author(s):  
Dmitry Tali ◽  
◽  
Oleg Finko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Electronic Document ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Electronic Document Management

The purpose of the research is to increase the level of security of electronic document metadata in the face of destructive influences from authorized users (insiders). Research methods: new scientific results allowed using a combination of data integrity control method based on the «write once» method and of authentication of HMAС messages (hash-based message authentication, as well as graph theory methods. Research result: a method of cryptographic recursive 2-D control of the integrity of electronic documents metadata is proposed. The analysis of the object of the study was carried out, based on the results of which it was concluded that it is necessary to effectively protect the metadata of electronic documents processed by automated information systems of electronic document management. Developed and described a mathematical model of the proposed method, based on graph theory. The developed technical solution makes it possible to implement the functions of cryptographic recursive twodimensional control of the integrity of the metadata of electronic documents, as well as to provide the possibility of localizing modified (with signs of violation of integrity) metadata records, in conditions of destructive influences of authorized users (insiders). This, in turn, reduces the likelihood of collusion between trusted parties by introducing mutual control over the results of their actions. The proposed solution makes it possible to ensure control of the integrity of data processed by departmental automated information systems of electronic document management, where, due to the peculiarities of their construction, it is impossible to effectively use the currently popular blockchain technology.

The legal phenomenon of lex sportiva in the international sports law

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-183
Author(s):  
Artem Bredikhin
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sports Law ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Lex Sportiva ◽  
Lex Mercatoria ◽  
Special Rules

The development of sports law is directly related to the nature of sports, whose legal relations must have uniformity and stability, achieved through regulation by special rules created by international and national sports organizations – lex sportiva. This paper is devoted to lex sportiva as one of the most important tools for regulating cross-border relations in the field of sports. The author examines the origin and legal nature of lex sportiva as well as its impact on national legislation in the field of sports. Moreover, the author elaborates on possible meanings of this notion: lex sportiva as a set of rules of self-regulation, as a set of decisions of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, as a legal principle, as a phenomenon of implementation, and as a criterion for determining the amount of compensation. The author discusses the use of lex sportiva by the Court of Arbitration for Sport in the context of dispute resolution, since this court has formed an extensive judicial practice throughout its existence, which, together with the rules of national and international sports organizations, forms an important part of lex sportiva. In this regard, the author draws parallels with the related source of cross-border law – lex mercatoria, and also considers situations in which there are conflicts between lex sportiva and the norms of international law and rules of national legislation. In the field of sports, such legal conflicts are resolved by the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali, according to which the rules of lex sportiva prevail over national law, providing a principle for the autonomy of sports. The first mention of the recognition of this principle is contained in the sources of law of the European Union. Finally, the author comes to the conclusion that the generally recognized two-dimensional understanding of lex sportiva as a doctrine and as a set of norms of self-regulation in sports is outdated, since it does not fully reveal the essence of the legal phenomenon, since it does not reflect all its properties which are manifested in the situations of legal regulation of relationships in the sports field. The exclusive role of lex sportiva is predicted to resolve international legal and organizational conflicts in the field of sports caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES ON THE BASIS OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROTECTION FOR THE DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM WITH CONSTRAINT AND LAGGING INTO ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT MANAGEMEN

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A. R. Akhatov ◽  
F. M. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Electronic Document ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Electronic Document Management ◽  
Reliability Control ◽  
Type Data ◽  
Potential Use

The problem of application design by restriction and delay in ED (Electronic Document) management based on blockchain technologies to ensure a new level of security, reliability, transparency of data processing is considered. Increasing the reliability of information in systems by limiting and delaying ED management of enterprises and organizations during collecting, transmitting, storing and processing ED based on new, little-studied optimization technologies for processing blockchain-type data is a relevant and promising research topic. Important advantages of the potential use of transaction blocks built according to certain rules in systems by limiting and delaying ED are ensuring security by encrypting transactions for subsequent confirmation, the inability to make unauthorized changes due to the dependence of the current blockchain state on previous transactions, transparency and reliability of procedures due to public and distributed storage, as well as the interaction of a large number of users between without the use of “trusted intermediaries”. Studies show that when using existing algorithms for adding blocks in any system, it is possible to achieve the requirements of decentralization, openness of the entered data, the inability to change the data once entered into the system. However, mathematics-cryptographic information protection must be developed for each designed system separately. The task of providing and formulating the rules of data reliability control by limiting and delaying in ED circulation based on cryptographic methods of encrypting transaction blocks constituting the blockchain has been formulated. The approaches have been adopted as a methodology of support for systems by limiting and delaying electronic documents based on a new database architecture.

scholarly journals New Roles for Special Collections on the Network

1998 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Electronic Environment ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Physical Medium ◽  
Traditional Sense

There will be no special collections on the network in the traditional sense because electronic information is not maintained in artifacts. Special collections have existed to support preservation of the human record as instanced in original documents or in specific documents of importance. Electronic documents, however, do not depend on their physical medium for their importance, nor does their medium provide evidence that assists in better understanding their texts. Special collections will continue in importance because of the continuing importance of artifactual documents. Special collections librarians may have new and distinctive roles in the electronic environment, particularly with respect to intellectual property and in the merging of special and general digital collections.

How do people attempt to integrate the management of their paper and electronic documents?

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jervis ◽  
Masood Masoodian
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Document Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Electronic Document ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Electronic Document Management ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Office Environments

Purpose – This article aims to describe how people manage to integrate their use of paper and electronic documents in modern office work environments. Design/methodology/approach – An observational interview type study of 14 participants from 11 offices in eight organizations was conducted. Recorded data were analysed using a thematic analysis method. This involved reading and annotation of interview transcripts, categorizing, linking and connecting, corroborating, and producing an account of the study. Findings – The findings of the study can be categorized into four groups: the roles paper and electronic documents serve in today's offices, the ways in which these documents are managed, the problems associated with their management, and the types of fragmentation that exist in terms of their management and how these are dealt with. Practical implications – The study has identified the need for better integrated management of paper and electronic documents in present-day offices. The findings of the study have then been used to propose a set of guidelines for the development of integrated paper and electronic document management systems. Originality/value – Although similar studies of offices have been conducted in the past, almost all of these studies are prior to the widespread use of mobile and network-based shared technologies in office environments. Furthermore, previous studies have generally failed to identify and propose guidelines for integration of paper and electronic document management systems.

The Implementation of the Directive on the Application of Patients’ Rights in Cross-border Healthcare in the Netherlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M.H. Bongers ◽  
D.M.R. Townend *
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Member State ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Dutch Health ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This article discusses the significance of the Directive 2011/24/eu on the application of patients’ rights in cross-border healthcare for the protection of individual patients’ rights in the Netherlands by describing how its provisions are implemented in Dutch health law. The responsible Dutch authorities take the view that most of the Directive’s provisions and requirements are covered in existing Dutch law. Implementation of the Directive would only require adaptations to national legislation with regard to the establishment of a national contact point for cross-border healthcare and the recognition of medical prescriptions issued in another Member State. This article looks into the question of how far the Dutch law meets the requirements of the Directive in relation to the individual patients’ rights addressed in this special issue of the European Journal of Health Law.

scholarly journals Enhancing Oil Spill Response Capacities in the South Baltic Sea Region via Cross-Border Utilization of Biodegradable Oil Binders

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. Manuscript
Author(s):  
Anastasia Christodoulou ◽  
Dimitrios Dalaklis ◽  
Henrik Nilsson ◽  
Jennie Larsson ◽  
Anne Pazaver
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Oil Spill Response

Occurrences of oil spills are responsible for very significant environmental degradation; they are more likely to happen in areas with dense shipping traffic, or in close vicinity of transport pipelines and/or other infrastructures used for production and processing purposes. Without international cooperation, individual countries often lack sufficient resources and assets to successfully respond to large-scale oil spill incidents. This can be related to the vast quantities of oil involved in those incidents or the lack of necessary special equipment for dealing with the tasks at hand by the country under the need to respond. For successful resolution of oil spill incidents, close and effective international cooperation -especially between neighboring countries that usually “share the burden” of oil pollution- is a vital necessity. On this basis, the South Baltic Oil (SBOIL) project aims to strengthen the existing oil spill response capacities in the South Baltic region, introducing a cross-border spill response tool based on the new ‘green technology’ of biodegradable oil binders (BioBinders). In order for this new concept to be implemented, it is necessary to examine the international and national regulations and guidelines with reference to sorbent use and exchange of oil spill equipment in the area of interest and also analyze the national oil spill contingency plans of the different countries involved in the project. After investigating the legal requirements for the utilization of BioBinders in the South Baltic region, the analysis at hand presents the outcomes of a Table Top Exercise that was based on a realistic oil spill scenario in the wider region. This Exercise tested the compatibility of International/National/Regional plans regarding the use of the BioBinders and examined the topics of recovery and waste management, including alternative techniques available for oil spill response. Results point towards the direction that the use of the BioBinders is promising and represents a response option to improve the existing oil spill response capacities in the South Baltic region; the main challenge lies with the difficulty in dealing with waste management, mainly because of the current legislation in place within the participating countries.

scholarly journals BILL OF LADING IN LEGAL REGULATION OF FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITY: FROM PERSONAL SUBSCRIPTION TO ELECTRONIC CRYPTO CODE

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-393
Author(s):  
Agnessa O. Inshakova ◽  
Alexander I. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Electronic Document ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Bill Of Lading ◽  
Legal Instrument ◽  
Trade Deals

Sea freight was and remains the most popular way of cargo delivery. Transportation of goods by sea routes plays a crucial role in the economy of most countries. The bill of lading acts as a legal instrument and guarantees the interests of participants in foreign trade deals and has a complex legal nature, due to its functionality. The use of electronic documents for formalizing relations between the participants in the maritime transport of goods has become possible due to the rapid development and widespread introduction of information technologies into the property turnover. In the period of digitalization of the Russian economy, the study of the legal regulation of the bill of lading accompanied by special computer software products is relevant and significant. The main purpose of the article is to disclose the essential characteristics of a bill of lading as a trading, title-bearing security from the perspective of the evolutionary development of this legal instrument over several centuries. The authors formulate a number of recommendations for the expanded implementation of electronic document circulation in maritime trade, arguing that, along with the adopted legal acts, should clarify the use of electronic documents when transporting goods by sea. In the Russian Federation, the rules on bills of lading must be supplemented by international agreements, additionally adopt a number of national legal acts in this sphere. The theoretical basis of the research was the studies of Russian and foreign investigators, which examine the relations of entities applying bills of lading in foreign economic activity (Vilkova, 2004; Golubchik, Katykha, 2017; Dubovec, 2006; Inshakova, Kalinina, Goncharov, 2019; Skaridov, 2018 et al.). Methodologically, the present research is based on the authors' materialistic worldview. General scientific methods were used: dialectic, inductive, deductive, analysis, synthesis, generalization, etc., as well as particular scientific methods: formal legal, comparative legal, etc.). As a result of the scientific analysis for the expanded implementation of electronic document circulation in maritime trade, along with the adopted legal acts, the authors proposed to specify the use of electronic documents for the carriage of goods by sea. The rules on bills of lading must be supplemented by international agreements, and a number of national legal acts in this area should be adopted. Suggestions for Smart applications to bills of lading and electronic registration of microchips, which should mark the goods moved by foreign trade deals, which will positively affect the increase of the rule of law at the domestic level through more precise electronic customs, tax, currency control. It is substantiated that in the aspect of the implementation of economic relations, digital registration acts a preventive and prophylactic function - reducing potential conflicts. To realize the benefits of smart applications to bills of lading, it is recommended to develop and adopt a set of legal norms of legislative and sub-legal level governing public relations in the digital economy, implementing these smart applications to bills of lading implementing business practice and inter-jurisdictional polysubject blockchain.

scholarly journals Socially Dangerous Behavior as the Mandatory Feature of the Objective Aspect of Crime Under the Article 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Boichuk
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Foreign Enterprise ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
Foreign Enterprises ◽  
Official Information ◽  
Objective Aspect

On the basis of the analysis of existing scientific approaches to the interpretation of socially dangerous act, provided by the legislator in the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the author has formulated own approach to determining its content and possible forms of such criminal behavior. When transferring data to foreign enterprises, institutions, organizations or their representatives constituting the official information collected in the process of operative and search, counterintelligence activities, in the field of defense of the country, it is offered to understand the commission of any actions by the subject, which are: 1) the direct transfer of information to a representative of a foreign enterprise, institution or organization (verbally, by the delivery of material carriers, etc.); 2) forwarding information with the use of communication means (postal, telephone, telegraph, electronic, etc.) to the address of a foreign enterprise, institution, organization or their representatives; 3) creating the conditions for acquaintance or access to them by a representative of a foreign enterprise, institution or organization. The author believes that the collection of data for the purpose of transferring to foreign enterprises, institutions, organizations or their representatives that constitutes official information collected in the process of operative and search, counterintelligence activities, in the field of defense of the country, should be considered as a process, which depending on the situation, may include: detection of information (its carriers), its recording (in memory or by technical means: photo, video, audio recording, copying of documents, electronic documents on USB, HDD, CD drives, etc.); removal of recorded information in the form of a copy or the original carrier from the location; placing the retrieved information in a specific place for storage and further transfer. The collection of data for the purpose of its transfer should be considered as an action, which is contrary to the rules established by law and, accordingly, requires overcoming the obstacles established by law in order to get access to it. To achieve this purpose, the offender may resort to illegal means such as wiretapping, abduction, bribery, extortion, etc.

scholarly journals Electronic document authenticity verification of diploma and transcript using smart contract on Ethereum blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Nero Chaniago ◽  
Parman Sukarno ◽  
Aulia Arif Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Document ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Pdf Format ◽  
Centralized System

Ethereum is one of the oldest examples of blockchain technology provides a system that converts centralized storage to distributed and records transactions by way of decentralized and not by a centralized system and can be verified by each node, therefore it is suitable for storing fingerprints from official diploma documents and transcripts that are published. Smart contract is needed for making contract transactions to Ethereum with programming code, so contracts such as diplomas and transcripts uploaded on the Ethereum blockchain can distribute and produce diploma validation and the authenticity of transcripts with transaction hash, consensus, and comply with ERC-721 token standardization. The results showed that a sample of 5 electronic documents in pdf format with a transaction speed of 1 second on each file that were published and secured with Ethereum blockchain technology can be easily verified for authenticity, the system proposed and developed by us takes in consideration invalid and failure cases by giving the necessary feedback to the user.

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