Molecular epidemiology, risk factors and hematochemical alterations induced by Theileria annulata in bovines of Punjab (India)

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashuma Tuli ◽  
Lachhman Das Singla ◽  
Amrita Sharma ◽  
Mandeep Singh Bal ◽  
Gursimran Filia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Theileria Annulata ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tropical Theileriosis ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Theileria Spp

AbstractBovine tropical theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulata, is one of the economically important fatal tick borne haemoprotozoan diseases of dairy animals. The aim of present investigation was to map the distribution of T. annulata in bovines of Punjab state of India in relation to various risk factors including age, sex of animals, location and management of farms. In a cross sectional study, a total of 1278 blood samples were randomly collected from twenty districts falling in five major agro-climatic zones of Punjab. All the samples were screened by blood smear examination followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting SSU rRNA gene for Theileria spp. PCR positive samples (n = 386) for Theileria spp. were then analyzed for T. annulata by amplification of Tams1 gene. Overall prevalence of T. annulata was found to be 29.26% in Punjab, with highest in western Zone (40.49%, 95% CI = 35.57-45.41) and lowest in submountain zone (18.90%, 95% CI = 13.73-24.06). The propensity of incidence of T. annulata was found to be highest in cross bred cattle (32.40%, 95% CI = 29.87-34.94), followed by indigenous cattle (19.64%, 95% CI = 10.67-28.61) and buffaloes (19.2%, 95% CI = 14.99-23.41). Between the two sexes, incidence of T. annulata was higher in female animals. Calves less than 6 months of age were found to be more prone to theileriosis.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Blastocystis subtypes in HIV-positive patients and evaluation of risk factors for colonization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Fontanelli Sulekova ◽  
Simona Gabrielli ◽  
Federica Furzi ◽  
Giovanni Luigi Milardi ◽  
Elisa Biliotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gut Inflammation

Abstract Background: Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protozoa in human faecal samples with uncertain impact on public health. Studies on the prevalence of Blastocystis in HIV-positive patients are limited and dated. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 156 HIV-positive patients to evaluate the prevalence of Blastocystis-subtypes by molecular amplification and sequencing the small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA), to identify the risk factors for its transmission, to examine the relationship between the presence of the protist and gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, the evaluation of the faecal calprotectin by immunoassay from a sample of subjects was performed to evaluate the gut inflammation in Blastocystis-carriers. Results: Blastocystis-subtypes ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 were identified in 39 HIV-positive patients (25%). No correlation was found between the presence of the protist and virological or epidemiological risk factors. Blastocystis was more frequently detected in homosexual subjects (p=0.037) infected by other enteric protozoa (p= 0.0001) and with flatulence (p=0.024). No significant differences in calprotectin level was found between Blastocystis-carriers and free ones. Conclusions: Blastocystis is quite common in HIV-positive patients on ART showing in examined patients 25% prevalence. Homosexual behaviour may represent a risk factor for its transmission, while CD4 count and viremia didn’t correlate with the presence of the protist. The pathogenetic role of Blastocystis remains unclear and no gut inflammation status was detected in Blastocystis-carriers. The only symptom associated with Blastocystis was the flatulence, evidencing a link between the presence of the protist and the composition and stability of gut microbiota. Keywords: Blastocystis, subtype, PCR, HIV, Italy

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Blastocystis subtypes in HIV-positive patients and evaluation of risk factors for colonization

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Fontanelli Sulekova ◽  
Simona Gabrielli ◽  
Federica Furzi ◽  
Giovanni Luigi Milardi ◽  
Elisa Biliotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gut Inflammation

Abstract Background Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protozoa in human faecal samples with uncertain impact on public health. Studies on the prevalence of Blastocystis in HIV-positive patients are limited and dated. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 156 HIV-positive patients to evaluate the prevalence of Blastocystis-subtypes by molecular amplification and sequencing the small subunit rRNA gene (SSU rDNA), to identify the risk factors for its transmission, to examine the relationship between the presence of the protist and gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, the evaluation of the faecal calprotectin by immunoassay from a sample of subjects was performed to evaluate the gut inflammation in Blastocystis-carriers. Results Blastocystis-subtypes ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4 were identified in 39 HIV-positive patients (25%). No correlation was found between the presence of the protist and virological or epidemiological risk factors. Blastocystis was more frequently detected in homosexual subjects (p = 0.037) infected by other enteric protozoa (p = 0.0001) and with flatulence (p = 0.024). No significant differences in calprotectin level was found between Blastocystis-carriers and free ones. Conclusions Blastocystis is quite common in HIV-positive patients on ART showing in examined patients 25% prevalence. Homosexual behaviour may represent a risk factor for its transmission, while CD4 count and viremia didn’t correlate with the presence of the protist. The pathogenetic role of Blastocystis remains unclear and no gut inflammation status was detected in Blastocystis-carriers. The only symptom associated with Blastocystis was the flatulence, evidencing a link between the presence of the protist and the composition and stability of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Brucella Infection in Dairy Animals in Urban and Rural Areas of Bihar and Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Ram Pratim Deka ◽  
Rajeswari Shome ◽  
Ian Dohoo ◽  
Ulf Magnusson ◽  
Delia Grace Randolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Dairy Animals

This study assessed seropositivity of Brucella infection in dairy animals and risk factors associated with it. The cross-sectional study used multi-stage, random sampling in the states of Bihar and Assam in India. In total, 740 dairy animals belonging to 534 households of 52 villages were covered under this study. Serological testing was conducted by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Animal-level Brucella seropositivity was found to be 15.9% in Assam and 0.3% in Bihar. Seropositivity in urban areas (18.7%) of Assam was found to be higher than in rural areas (12.4%). Bihar was excluded from the risk factor analysis, as only one Brucella seropositive sample was detected in the state. A total of 30 variables were studied for assessing risk factors, of which 15 were selected for multivariable regression analyses following a systematic process. Finally, only three risk factors were identified as statistically significant. It was found that animals belonging to districts having smaller-sized herds were less likely (p < 0.001) to be Brucella seropositive than animals belonging to districts having larger-sized herds. Furthermore, the chance of being Brucella seropositive increased (p = 0.007) with the increase in age of dairy animals, but decreased (p = 0.072) with the adoption of artificial insemination (AI) for breeding. We speculated that the identified risk factors in Assam likely explained the reason behind lower Brucella seropositivity in Bihar, and therefore any future brucellosis control program should focus on addressing these risk factors.

scholarly journals Assessment of sub-clinical mastitis and its associated risk factors in dairy livestock of Lamjung, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Khanal ◽  
A Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

INTRODUCTION: Mastitis is one among the top three threats faced by dairy farmers. The study was carried out to assess sub-clinical mastitis, management practices and associated risk factors for mastitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in Chandreshwor and Archalbot VDCs of Lamjung district taking 63 dairy livestock randomly each from a herd along with questionnaire survey to respective owner. Tem ml of milk sample from each quarter was taken in a sterilized syringe for further laboratory investigation. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed at farmer’s shed. Organisms were identified based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining and various biochemical tests. RESULTS: On CMT, subclinical mastitis was 46.1% (n=29) and 30.15% (n=76) on animal and quarter basis respectively, however, culture showed, 28.6% and 24.2%. Streptococcal mastitis was the commonest (11.1%) followed by coliform (9.5%) and staphylococcal (7.9%). Mastitis was highest in left fore quarter (34.92%) followed by left hind (31.76%), right hind (28.57%) and right fore (25.39%). Coliform & Staphylococcal mastitis was highest in left fore and right hind quarter respectively. Most of dairy animals (86%) were on zero grazing, 30% (n=19) of the farmers had forage trees and only 29% (n=18) had known about subclinical mastitis. The average milk production was 3.5 ±1.47 liters. Subclinical mastitis was associated significantly (p<0.01) with livestock yielding more than 3 lt per lactation. CONCLUSIONS: There was high prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy livestock at Lamjung due to poor management, unhygienic shed, and little knowledge on subclinical mastitis.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i2.8322 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(2):49-54  

Conventional and molecular diagnosis of haemo-protozoan infectionsin cattle and equids from Republic of Guinea and India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Singla ◽  
Talibe Diallo ◽  
Deepak Sumbria ◽  
Paramjit Q. Kaur ◽  
M. S. Ba
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Blood Smear Examination

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 N’ Dama cattle and 35 equids blood samples from Republic of Guinea and Punjab, India, respectively to assess the level of exposure to obligatory haemoprotozoa Theileria equi and Trypanosoma evansi by 18S rRNA gene based primary and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and RoTat1.2 based card agglutination test (CATT), and to investigate risk factors associated with the infection. Blood smear examination revealed the prevalence rate of 6% (95% CI = 2.06-16.22) for Trypanosoma spp. in N’dama cattle and 5.7% for T. equi in equids. In equids, 17.14% (95% CI = 8.10-32.68) samples showed positive titer by CATT. Primary PCR showed 5.71% (95% CI = 1.58-18.8) infection and on the other hand nested PCR depicted 20% (95% CI = 10.04-35.89) T. equi infection. Moreover, only 8.57% (95% CI = 2.96-22.38) prevalence of T. evansi was recorded by T. evansi based multiplex PCR. PCRs revealed higher risk of infectionof both T. equi (OR = 5.28, 95% CI = 0.68-49.81) and T. evansi (OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 0.20-104.83) in the farms where proper deworming/vaccination schedule was not followed. The risk factor associated with the type of host species had an odds ratio (OR) of 5 (95% CI = 3.90-74.33) for donkeys/mules versus horses for T. equi infection. This group was also at higher risk of infection with OR of 4.8 (95% CI = 0.12-124.47) for T. evansi. The present exploration brings out a variety of commodities at risk of infectivity pertaining to trypanosomosis and theileriosis calculated by different PCRs assay.

PRRSV: Risikofaktoren und Herdenprävalenz in Deutschland

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
Sebastian Ganz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Klinische Symptome

Nathues C, Janssen E, Duengelhoef A et al. Cross-sectional study on risk factors for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus sow herd instability in German breeding herds. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60 (1): 1–8 In mit PRRSV (Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrom Virus) infizierten Schweinebeständen zeigen die Tiere oftmals ernsthafte klinische Symptome. Die Schwere der Symptomatik hängt von der Virulenz der jeweiligen Virusstämme ab. Deshalb ist die Impfung gegen diesen Erreger sinnvoll und wird empfohlen, auch wenn sie nicht immer klinische Fälle verhindert bzw. das Virus vollends eliminiert. Aufgrund dessen rückt die Prävention durch Verbesserung der innerbetrieblichen Abläufe zunehmend in den Fokus. Um solche Maßnahmen erfolgreich etablieren zu können, ist es wichtig, den epidemiologischen Status der Herde und mögliche Risikofaktoren zu kennen. Ziel der Studie war deshalb, die Prävalenz der Infektion in Sauenbetrieben in Norddeutschland zu eruieren und verschiedene Arbeitsabläufe hinsichtlich des Risikos der Erregerverbreitung zu untersuchen.

Obesity in relation to risk factors and socioeconomic conditions among school-age children at Khartoum State 2011/2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Dr. Suzan Ail Yousif Abo* ,Dr. ALI abdalazez Salih
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Year ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Class Room ◽  
Watching Tv

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out at Khartoum Stateduring the school year 20112/2012 to estimate the prevalence of obesity among schoolchildren aged 6-15 years and to investigate the relationship between BMI (Body MassIndex) and socioeconomic status and life style factors. Two hundred and fifty pupilsparticipated in this study. The researcher took the anthropometric measurement insidethe class room and gave the questionnaire the students to be answered by one of child’sparents. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS Version 13.0).In this study, prevalence of obesity was found to be (48%) of them 18% males and 30%females. Income of the family, number of high caloric carbonated beverages/week, wayof transportation to school, length of daily playing outside the home, and time spentin watching TV and video games were significantly correlated with student’s BMI.While parent’s BMI was not having significant correlation with student’s BMI.This study is considered as the first study in its field regarding this age category inKhartoum State, and it is promoting future researches in obesity and its determinant.Key words: Obesity in relation to risk factors and socioeconomic conditions amongschool-age children

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