Conventional and molecular diagnosis of haemo-protozoan infectionsin cattle and equids from Republic of Guinea and India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Singla ◽  
Talibe Diallo ◽  
Deepak Sumbria ◽  
Paramjit Q. Kaur ◽  
M. S. Ba
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Blood Smear Examination

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 N’ Dama cattle and 35 equids blood samples from Republic of Guinea and Punjab, India, respectively to assess the level of exposure to obligatory haemoprotozoa Theileria equi and Trypanosoma evansi by 18S rRNA gene based primary and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and RoTat1.2 based card agglutination test (CATT), and to investigate risk factors associated with the infection. Blood smear examination revealed the prevalence rate of 6% (95% CI = 2.06-16.22) for Trypanosoma spp. in N’dama cattle and 5.7% for T. equi in equids. In equids, 17.14% (95% CI = 8.10-32.68) samples showed positive titer by CATT. Primary PCR showed 5.71% (95% CI = 1.58-18.8) infection and on the other hand nested PCR depicted 20% (95% CI = 10.04-35.89) T. equi infection. Moreover, only 8.57% (95% CI = 2.96-22.38) prevalence of T. evansi was recorded by T. evansi based multiplex PCR. PCRs revealed higher risk of infectionof both T. equi (OR = 5.28, 95% CI = 0.68-49.81) and T. evansi (OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 0.20-104.83) in the farms where proper deworming/vaccination schedule was not followed. The risk factor associated with the type of host species had an odds ratio (OR) of 5 (95% CI = 3.90-74.33) for donkeys/mules versus horses for T. equi infection. This group was also at higher risk of infection with OR of 4.8 (95% CI = 0.12-124.47) for T. evansi. The present exploration brings out a variety of commodities at risk of infectivity pertaining to trypanosomosis and theileriosis calculated by different PCRs assay.

Molecular epidemiology, risk factors and hematochemical alterations induced by Theileria annulata in bovines of Punjab (India)

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashuma Tuli ◽  
Lachhman Das Singla ◽  
Amrita Sharma ◽  
Mandeep Singh Bal ◽  
Gursimran Filia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Theileria Annulata ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tropical Theileriosis ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Theileria Spp

AbstractBovine tropical theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulata, is one of the economically important fatal tick borne haemoprotozoan diseases of dairy animals. The aim of present investigation was to map the distribution of T. annulata in bovines of Punjab state of India in relation to various risk factors including age, sex of animals, location and management of farms. In a cross sectional study, a total of 1278 blood samples were randomly collected from twenty districts falling in five major agro-climatic zones of Punjab. All the samples were screened by blood smear examination followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting SSU rRNA gene for Theileria spp. PCR positive samples (n = 386) for Theileria spp. were then analyzed for T. annulata by amplification of Tams1 gene. Overall prevalence of T. annulata was found to be 29.26% in Punjab, with highest in western Zone (40.49%, 95% CI = 35.57-45.41) and lowest in submountain zone (18.90%, 95% CI = 13.73-24.06). The propensity of incidence of T. annulata was found to be highest in cross bred cattle (32.40%, 95% CI = 29.87-34.94), followed by indigenous cattle (19.64%, 95% CI = 10.67-28.61) and buffaloes (19.2%, 95% CI = 14.99-23.41). Between the two sexes, incidence of T. annulata was higher in female animals. Calves less than 6 months of age were found to be more prone to theileriosis.

scholarly journals Detection ofBabesia caballiandTheileria equiin Blood from Equines from Four Indigenous Communities in Costa Rica

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Posada-Guzmán ◽  
Gaby Dolz ◽  
Juan José Romero-Zúñiga ◽  
Ana Eugenia Jiménez-Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Blood Smears

A cross-sectional study was carried out in four indigenous communities of Costa Rica to detect presence and prevalence ofBabesia caballiandTheileria equiand to investigate factors associated with presence of these hemoparasites. General condition of horses (n=285) was evaluated, and hematocrits and hemoglobin were determined from blood samples of 130 horses, which were also analyzed using blood smears, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). The general condition of the horses (n=285) in terms of their body and coat was between regular and poor, and hematocrit and hemoglobin average values were low (19% and 10.65 g/dL, resp.). Erythrocyte inclusions were observed in 32 (24.6%) of the samples. Twenty-six samples (20.0%) gave positive results forB. caballiand 60 (46.2%) forT. equi; 10 horses (7.7%) showed mixed infection, when analyzed by PCR. Using c-ELISA, it was found that 90 (69.2%) horses had antibodies againstB. caballiand 115 (88.5%) againstT. equi, while 81 (62.3%) showed mixed reactions. There were no factors associated with the presence ofB. caballiandT. equi. These results contrast with results previously obtained in equines in the Central Valley of Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Awareness, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Meningococcal B Vaccine among Pediatricians in Italy

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Pietro Ferrara ◽  
Lucia Stromillo ◽  
Luciana Albano
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
4Cmenb Vaccine

Background and objectives: Vaccination against bacterial pathogens is decisive for preventing invasive meningococcal disease and pediatricians play a pivotal role in vaccination compliance and coverage. The aim of this study was to investigate awareness, attitude, and practices toward the vaccine against Meningococcal B serogroup (4CMenB) among a sample of Italian pediatricians. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire from March to May 2015. Three multivariate logistic regression models were built to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest. Results: The data showed that 95.5% of the interviewees correctly responded about the availability of 4CMenB vaccine in Italy, while only 28.0% knew the vaccination schedule for children aged two years or under. This knowledge was significantly higher in younger pediatricians and in those who worked a higher number of hours per week. Pediatricians self-reported a positive attitude toward the utility and safety of 4CMenB vaccine. Those pediatricians with a strong positive attitude toward the utility of the vaccine, who knew the vaccination schedules for children of two years or under, and who declared a satisfactory or good knowledge about the vaccine were more likely to inform parents about its availability in Italy, recommend the vaccination, and verify patients’ vaccination status, in their daily practice. Conclusions: The study highlights factors that currently influence pediatricians’ practices regarding the 4CMenB vaccine. The results showed the possible actions recommended to improve physicians’ awareness and behaviors in order to improve the vaccination compliance and invasive meningococcal diseases prevention.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization ofCryptosporidiumspp. in Wild Rodents of Southwestern Iran Using 18s rRNA Gene Nested-PCR-RFLP and Sequencing Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasem Saki ◽  
Masoud Foroutan-Rad ◽  
Reza Asadpouri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Background. Rodents could act as reservoir forCryptosporidiumspp. speciallyC. parvum, a zoonotic agent responsible for human infections. Since there is no information aboutCryptosporidiuminfection in rodents of Ahvaz city, southwest of Iran, hence, this survey was performed to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization ofCryptosporidiumspp. in this region.Materials and Methods. One hundred rodents were trapped from different regions of Ahvaz city. Intestine contents and fecal specimens of rodents were studied using both microscopy examination to identify oocyst and nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for 18s rRNA gene detection. Eventually restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method usingSspIandVspIrestriction enzymes was carried out to genotype the species and then obtained results were sequenced.Results. Three out of 100 samples were diagnosed as positive and overall prevalence ofCryptosporidiumspp. was 3% using both modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining under light microscope and nested-PCR (830 bp) methods. Afterwards, PCR-RFLP was performed on positive samples andC. parvumpattern was identified. Finally PCR-RFLP findings were sequenced and presence ofC. parvumwas confirmed again.Conclusions. Our study showed rodents could be potential reservoir forC. parvum. So an integrated program for control and combat with them should be adopted and continued.

Socioeconomic associations of poorly controlled epilepsy in the Republic of Guinea: cross‐sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 813-823
Author(s):  
Dylan R. Rice ◽  
Foksouna Sakadi ◽  
Nana Rahma Tassiou ◽  
Andre C. Vogel ◽  
Abdoul Bachir Djibo Hamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals Blastocystis Colonization Is Associated with Increased Diversity and Altered Gut Bacterial Communities in Healthy Malian Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Kodio ◽  
Drissa Coulibaly ◽  
Abdoulaye Kassoum Koné ◽  
Salimata Konaté ◽  
Safiatou Doumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Blastocystis is the most common protozoan colonizing the gut of vertebrates. It modulates the human digestive microbiota in the absence of inflammation and gastrointestinal disease. Although it has been associated with human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, its pathogenicity remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the influence of Blastocystis on the gut bacterial communities in healthy children. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 147 Blastocystis-colonized and 149 Blastocystis-noncolonized Malian children, with Blastocystis colonization assessed by real-time PCR and gut microbial communities characterized via 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq) sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The gut microbiota diversity was higher in Blastocystis-colonized compared to Blastocystis-noncolonized children. The phyla Firmicutes, Elusimicrobia, Lentisphaerae, and Euryarchaeota were higher in Blastocystis-colonized children, whereas Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, unassigned bacteria, and Deinococcus–Thermus were higher in Blastocystis-noncolonized children. Moreover, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (family Ruminococcaceae) and Roseburia sp. (family Lachnospiraceae) abundance was higher in Blastocystis-colonized children. We conclude that Blastocystis colonization is significantly associated with a higher diversity of the gut bacterial communities in healthy children, while it is not associated with the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the human gut.

Vaginal microbiota composition and association with prevalent Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a cross-sectional study of young women attending a STI clinic in France

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 616-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Tamarelle ◽  
Bertille de Barbeyrac ◽  
Isabelle Le Hen ◽  
Anne Thiébaut ◽  
Cécile Bébéar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesNew molecular techniques have allowed describing groups of bacterial communities in the vagina (community state types (CST)) that could play an important role in Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection. Our aim was to describe the distribution of CST in a population of young women in France.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in June 2015 among anonymous young women attending a STI clinic in Bordeaux, France. Participants provided a vaginal sample for CT screening and sociodemographic data. CT was diagnosed using the Aptima-combo 2 transcription-mediated-amplification assay. Vaginal microbiota composition was characterised using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.ResultsMicrobiota composition and CT status were available for 132 women. CST dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus (CST-I), L. iners (CST-III) and a diversity of anaerobes (CST-IV) represented 37.1%, 38.6% and 22.0% of the sample, respectively. Twenty-one out of 132 women were CT positive. Proportions of CT-positive women were higher for samples belonging to CST-III (21.6%) and CST-IV (17.2%) than to CST-I (8.2%).ConclusionsFive CST were found in 132 young women from a STI clinic in France. These CSTs were not significantly associated with CT but higher proportions of CT-positive women were found in CST-III and CST-IV, consistent with a previous study in the Netherlands. Though our study lacked statistical power and was cross-sectional, it is a necessary first step to understand the structure of the vaginal microbiota in French women with or without infection before performing in-depth longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Intestinal Dysbiosis Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arancha Hevia ◽  
Christian Milani ◽  
Patricia López ◽  
Adriana Cuervo ◽  
Silvia Arboleya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Influences ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis

ABSTRACT Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disease in humans and is characterized by the presence of hyperactive immune cells and aberrant antibody responses to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens, including characteristic anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies. We performed a cross-sectional study in order to determine if an SLE-associated gut dysbiosis exists in patients without active disease. A group of 20 SLE patients in remission, for which there was strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, was recruited, and we used an optimized Ion Torrent 16S rRNA gene-based analysis protocol to decipher the fecal microbial profiles of these patients and compare them with those of 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. We found diversity to be comparable based on Shannon’s index. However, we saw a significantly lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in SLE individuals (median ratio, 1.97) than in healthy subjects (median ratio, 4.86; P < 0.002). A lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in SLE individuals was corroborated by quantitative PCR analysis. Notably, a decrease of some Firmicutes families was also detected. This dysbiosis is reflected, based on in silico functional inference, in an overrepresentation of oxidative phosphorylation and glycan utilization pathways in SLE patient microbiota. IMPORTANCE Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota might impact symptoms and progression of some autoimmune diseases. However, how and why this microbial community influences SLE remains to be elucidated. This is the first report describing an SLE-associated intestinal dysbiosis, and it contributes to the understanding of the interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the host in autoimmune disorders.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Equine Piroplasms Using Multiplex PCR and First Genetic Characterization of Theileria haneyi in Egypt

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Bassma S. M. Elsawy ◽  
Ahmed M. Nassar ◽  
Heba F. Alzan ◽  
Raksha V. Bhoora ◽  
Sezayi Ozubek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Babesia Caballi ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
First Time

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is an infectious disease caused by the hemoprotozoan parasites Theileria equi, Babesia caballi, and the recently identified species T. haneyi. Hereby, we used a multiplex PCR (mPCR) targeting the 18S rRNA gene of T. equi and B. caballi for the simultaneous detection of EP in Egyptian equids and examined the presence of T. haneyi infections in Egypt. Blood samples from 155 equids (79 horses and 76 donkeys) collected from different governorates of Egypt were examined by mPCR and PCR targeting T. hayeni. The mPCR method revealed a prevalence of T. equi of 20.3% in horses and of 13.1% in donkeys and a prevalence of B. caballi of 1.2% in horses. B. caballi was not detected in donkeys in the current study. The mPCR method also detected coinfections with both species (2.5% and 1.3% in horses and donkeys, respectively). Additionally, we report the presence of T. haneyi in Egypt for the first time in 53.1% of the horse and 38.1% of the donkey tested samples. Coinfection with T. haneyi and T. equi was found in 13.5% of the samples, while infection with the three EP species was found in 1.9% of the samples.

scholarly journals Faktor Sosiodemografi dan Riwayat Klinis Malaria Terhadap Insidensi Malaria di Manokwari

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Novyan Lusiyana ◽  
Nurlaili Farida Muhajir
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
Geographic Factor ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
West Papua

Malaria is an endemic disease in Manokwari. Malaria transmission was influenced by sociodemographic and geographic factor. However, clinical manifestation of malaria in endemic area was various from asymptomatic, mild to heavy manifestation. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, sociodemographic, geographic factors, and clinical manifestation of Plasmodium infection in Manokwari. This was a cross sectional study, in August 2019 in two endemic villages, that is Amban and Wosi village, Manokwari district, West Papua. The number of subject involved in this study was 100. 55 subjects came from Amban and 45 from Wosi village. The sociodemographic characteristics of subject such as age, gender, address, education and occupation were recorded. Blood smear examination and Giemsa staining were performed to identify Plasmodium sp on each subject. Results of this study showed that 3% of population were infected by Plasmodium sp. Plasmodium sp. infection. more experienced by men, higher education level and have a job. The demographic and geographic factors were not related with Plasmodium sp. infection (p > 0.05). All of the subjects who infected with Plasmodium sp. show manifestation such as fever, chills, sweating, nausea/vomitus, and diarrhea. The conclusion of this study is highlighted that socio-demographic and geographical factors are not associated with Plasmodium sp. infection, and Plasmodium infection is characterized by clinical symptoms.

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