Rheological Characterization of Body Lotions

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Long Yao ◽  
Jayesh C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
End Use ◽  
And Storage

Abstract This study is attempted to demonstrate the application of rheological measurements in characterization of cosmetics products. As part of this study, several rheological tests were carried out on three common, commercially available body lotions to analyze their complex properties. The tests described in this study were simple and predictive in which the viscoelastic properties were successfully related with the end-use performance properties such as applicability, processing behavior, temperature sensitivity and storage and thermal stability.

scholarly journals Simple Rheological Analysis Method of Spinnable-Polymer Flow Properties Using MFI Tester

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basel Younes
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Right

Rheological characterization of polymers explains the flow behaviour and viscoelastic properties and tests fibre-forming ability. The current method investigates the viscoelastic properties and morphology of polymers and finds the rheological data and the right polymer viscosity, which is determining the best processing temperature. The right processing temperature saves the power, the material, and the time needed for production. After calculating polymers viscosity by using MFI tester, the method investigates rheological properties and surface shape at different temperatures and loads. The method could apply to other polymers to find the viscosity-temperature change and to set the best processing temperature.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ethyl Acetate and Trichloromethane Extracts from Phoebe zhennan Wood Residues and Application on the Preparation of UV Shielding Films

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Fangya Pan ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Lu He ◽  
Yongze Jiang ◽  
Jinqiu Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Uv Shielding ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Wood Residues ◽  
Phoebe Zhennan ◽  
End Use ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this work, ethyl acetate (EA) and trichloromethane (TR) extracts were extracted from Phoebe zhennan wood residues and the extracts were then applied to the preparation of UV shielding films (UV-SF). The results revealed that substances including olefins, phenols and alcohols were found in both EA and TR extracts, accounting for about 45% of all the detected substances. The two extracts had similar thermal stability and both had strong UV shielding ability. When the relative percentage of the extract is 1 wt% in solution, the extract solution almost blocked 100% of the UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-A (315–400 nm). Two kinds of UV-SF were successfully prepared by adding the two extracts into polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The UV-SF with the addition of 24 wt% of the extractive blocked 100% of the UV-B (280–315 nm) and more than 80% of the UV-A (315–400 nm). Moreover, the UV shielding performance of the UV-SF was still stable even after strong UV irradiation. Though the addition of extracts could somewhat decrease the thermal stability of the film, its effect on the end-use of the film was ignorable. EA extracts had less effect on the tensile properties of the films than TR extracts as the content of the extract reached 18%. The results of this study could provide fundamental information on the potential utilization of the extracts from Phoebe zhennan wood residues on the preparation of biobased UV shielding materials.

scholarly journals Viscosity and Rheological Properties of Graphene Nanopowders Nanofluids

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Abderrahim Bakak ◽  
Mohamed Lotfi ◽  
Rodolphe Heyd ◽  
Amine Ammar ◽  
Abdelaziz Koumina
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Solid Volume Fraction ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Rheological Measurements

The dynamic viscosity and rheological properties of two different non-aqueous graphene nano-plates-based nanofluids are experimentally investigated in this paper, focusing on the effects of solid volume fraction and shear rate. For each nanofluid, four solid volume fractions have been considered ranging from 0.1% to 1%. The rheological characterization of the suspensions was performed at 20 ∘C, with shear rates ranging from 10−1s−1 to 103s−1, using a cone-plate rheometer. The Carreau–Yasuda model has been successfully applied to fit most of the rheological measurements. Although it is very common to observe an increase of the viscosity with the solid volume fraction, we still found here that the addition of nanoparticles produces lubrication effects in some cases. Such a result could be very helpful in the domain of heat extraction applications. The dependence of dynamic viscosity with graphene volume fraction was analyzed using the model of Vallejo et al.

scholarly journals Milligram Size Rheology of Molten Polymers

Fluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Costanzo ◽  
Rossana Pasquino ◽  
Jörg Läuger ◽  
Nino Grizzuti
Keyword(s):  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Molten Polymers ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Nonlinear Regimes

During laboratory practice, it is often necessary to perform rheological measurements with small specimens, mainly due to the limited availability of the investigated systems. Such a restriction occurs, for example, because the laboratory synthesis of new materials is performed on small scales, or can concern biological samples that are notoriously difficult to be extracted from living organisms. A complete rheological characterization of a viscoelastic material involves both linear and nonlinear measurements. The latter are more challenging and generally require more mass, as flow instabilities often cause material losses during the experiments. In such situations, it is crucial to perform rheological tests carefully in order to avoid experimental artifacts caused by the use of small geometries. In this paper, we indicate the drawbacks of performing linear and nonlinear rheological measurements with very small amounts of samples, and by using a well-characterized linear polystyrene, we attempt to address the challenge of obtaining reliable measurements with sample masses of the order of a milligram, in both linear and nonlinear regimes. We demonstrate that, when suitable protocols and careful running conditions are chosen, linear viscoelastic mastercurves can be obtained with good accuracy and reproducibility, working with plates as small as 3 mm in diameter and sample thickness of less than 0.2 mm. This is equivalent to polymer masses of less than 2 mg. We show also that the nonlinear start-up shear fingerprint of polymer melts can be reliably obtained with samples as small as 10 mg.

Guidelines for rheological characterization of polyamide melts (IUPAC Technical Report)

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick J. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Industrial Organizations ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Commercial Polymers

Most producers of polyamide have their own characterization method to study the rheological properties of polyamide 6 (PA6). However, the measured rheological properties depend strongly on the sample preparation method, humidity regulation, and time-temperature history during the measurement and not least on the kind of rheometer being used. This investigation is the result of an IUPAC project initiated by the Subcommittee on Structure and Properties of Commercial Polymers. Members of several industrial organizations, universities, and institutes cooperated, with the aim of formulating a guideline to measure reproducible rheological properties of PA6. The results of the investigation show the changes in molecular weight during different kinds of rheological measurements due to hydrolysis and amidization reactions. A guideline is introduced which can be used to make comparable rheological measurements on PA6.

scholarly journals Rheological characterization of poly-dimethyl siloxane formulations with tunable viscoelastic properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (57) ◽  
pp. 35910-35917
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Petet ◽  
Halston E. Deal ◽  
Hanhsen S. Zhao ◽  
Amanda Y. He ◽  
Christina Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Polydimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Dimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli

We have generated novel formulations of polydimethyl siloxane with varying viscoelastic properties that can be used to study cellular response. We present equations that can be used to predict the storage and loss moduli of these polymers.

scholarly journals Rheological Characterization of Next-Generation Ballistic Witness Materials for Body Armor Testing

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Ran Tao ◽  
Kirk Rice ◽  
Anicet Djakeu ◽  
Randy Mrozek ◽  
Shawn Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Thermomechanical Behavior ◽  
Oscillatory Shear ◽  
Body Armor ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Small Amplitude Oscillatory Shear

Roma Plastilina No. 1 (RP1), an artist modeling clay that has been used as a ballistic clay, is essential for evaluation and certification in standards-based ballistic resistance testing of body armor. It serves as a ballistic witness material (BWM) behind the armor, where the magnitude of the plastic deformation in the clay after a ballistic impact is the figure of merit (known as “backface signature”). RP1 is known to exhibit complex thermomechanical behavior that requires temperature conditioning and frequent performance-based evaluations to verify that its deformation response satisfies requirements. A less complex BWM formulation that allows for room-temperature storage and use as well as a more consistent thermomechanical behavior than RP1 is desired, but a validation based only on ballistic performance would be extensive and expensive to accommodate the different ballistic threats. A framework of lab-scale metrologies for measuring the effects of strain, strain rate, and temperature dependence on mechanical properties are needed to guide BWM development. The current work deals with rheological characterization of a candidate BWM, i.e., silicone composite backing material (SCBM), to understand the fundamental structure–property relationships in comparison to those of RP1. Small-amplitude oscillatory shear frequency sweep experiments were performed at temperatures that ranged from 20 °C to 50 °C to map elastic and damping contributions in the linear elastic regime. Large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) experiments were conducted in the non-linear region and the material response was analyzed in the form of Lissajous curve representations with the values of perfect plastic dissipation ratio reported to identify the degree of plasticity. The results show that the SCBM exhibits dynamic properties that are similar in magnitude to those of temperature-conditioned RP1, but with minimal temperature sensitivity and weaker frequency dependence than RP1. Both SCBM and RP1 are identified as elastoviscoplastic materials, which is particularly important for accurate determination of backface signature in body armor evaluation. The mechanical properties of SCBM show some degree of aging and work history effects. The results from this work demonstrate that the rheological properties of SCBM, at small and large strains, are similar to RP1 with substantial improvements in BWM performance requirements in terms of temperature sensitivity and thixotropy.

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