scholarly journals Linguistic Justice Requires an Artificial Language: a Comment on van Parijs

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Maat
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Artificial Language ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Linguistic Justice ◽  
Made In

Abstract In advocating the use of a global auxiliary language, Van Parijs forms part of a tradition that stretches back to the seventeenth century. However, he differs from this tradition in promoting the use of English rather than an artificial language of some sort. This paper examines the theoretical situation that van Parijs proposes as the most fair, in which English functions worldwide as the preferred auxiliary language and in which certain measures have been taken to counterbalance injustices of three types. I draw attention to injustices of each of these types done to speakers of English in that situation. This leads to the conclusion that proposals to use an artificial language as a global lingua franca that were made in the seventeenth and later centuries have a stronger case than van Parijs has argued.

Transmission of Renaissance herbal images to China: the Beitang copy of Mattioli’s commentaries on Dioscorides and its annotations

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-253
Author(s):  
Wu Huiyi ◽  
Zheng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
National Library ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Northern Chinese ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Animal Names ◽  
National Library Of China ◽  
Made In

The Beitang Collection, heritage of a seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Jesuit library in Beijing now housed in the National Library of China, contains an incomplete copy of Pietro Andrea Mattioli’s commentary on an Italian edition of Pedanius Dioscorides's De materia medica (1568) bearing extensive annotations in Chinese. Two hundred odd plant and animal names in a northern Chinese patois were recorded alongside illustrations, creating a rare record of seventeenth-century Chinese folk knowledge and of Sino-Western interaction in the field of natural history. Based on close analysis of the annotations and other contemporary sources, we argue that the annotations were probably made in Beijing by one or more Chinese low-level literati and Jesuit missionaries during the first two decades of the seventeenth century. We also conclude that the annotations were most likely directed at a Chinese audience, to whom the Jesuits intended to illustrate European craftsmanship using Mattioli’s images. This document probably constitutes the earliest known evidence of Jesuits' attempts at transmitting the art of European natural history drawings to China.

« ET VIDI COELUM NOVUM ET TERRAM NOVAM »

Nuncius ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-77
Author(s):  
MAURIZIO TORRINI
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Single Access ◽  
New Science ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Formal School ◽  
Made In ◽  
School Boundaries

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>Contemporary movements, united by their common rejection of traditional knowledge and by their common beginnings and development outside formal school boundaries, libertinism and the new science are often considered, evaluated and classified in the univocal light of modern thought introduced by Descartes. A comparison totally unfavourable to libertinism which did not benefit from the attempt made in some cases to assimilate it to the scientific revolution in the name of a common anti-dogmatic character. The movements were in fact distinct in their aims and motives and their occasional interaction must not make us forget the contemporary presence of different and often contrasting ideas at the dawn of modern thought. The aim of this paper is to overcome the historiographical approach which, by privileging a single access to modern thought, evaluates all the others according to the same measure.The paper, through an examination of the European discussion stimulated by Galileo's Sidereus nuncius, shows the philosophical consequences of the astronomical revolution and the series of projects, hopes and misunderstandings that marked its course. An event that did not encounter the indifference of libertines like Naude, who read in the celestial revolution confirmation of the crisis of terrestrial knowledge. In Italy the bond between libertine thought and the scientific revolution came tragically into being as from the condemnation of Galileo and found its consecration in the Neapolitan trial of the atheists at the end of the seventeenth century, thus reuniting in the name of a single orthodoxy, two different conceptions of nature and knowledge.

Making and Trading Dress and Décor in Seventeenth-century Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-436
Author(s):  
T. C. Smout
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Wages ◽  
Made In

In seventeenth-century Scotland textiles were made in most districts and marketed widely at home and overseas. Woollens and linens, yarn, cloth, bonnets and stockings, with clear regional specialisations, were manufactured, but they were all of low cost and quality. Comparative advantage came from low rural wages. The wide distribution and character of textile production in the seventeenth century proved of great importance for post-Union success. Among imports the variety and social spread of luxury widened and deepened, though demand was restricted to the upper classes and the middling orders in Edinburgh and other large burghs. The seventeenth century, especially the second half, was a time of widening consumption of exotic articles such as tobacco, sugar and coffee among consumables, Asian silks and cottons (and their imitations) as articles of dress, and wall-hangings and pictures as décor. The social anxiety and economic stress this engendered gave rise to sumptuary laws like that of 1681. These had limited impact, though imports remained sensitive to tariffs. The letters of Andrew Russell, a merchant resident in Rotterdam between 1668 and 1697, demonstrate how this trade was carried out in both directions, and how the market responded to governmental attempts at control.

An Inventory of Choirbooks At S. Maria Maggiore, Bergamo, January 1628

1965 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Jerome Roche
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

Santa Maria Maggiore at Bergamo was one of the principal churches at which music was made in early seventeenth-century northern Italy. It had built up a considerable reputation in the sixteenth century which was continued into the next under a succession of prominent musicians, the most important of whom was Alessandro Grandi. He occupied the post of maestro from 1627 to 1630, and, as with every newly appointed choirmaster, the choir's accumulated repertory was formally consigned to him. The documents of consignment are preserved in a volume marked Inventarium (LXXIX-1) in the archives of the Misericordia Maggiore, which ran the church. I now print below the inventory that Grandi signed in 1628 – the first one of the seventeenth century; it is on ff. 129v-130 of the Inventarium. I have set it out unedited in the layout in which it appears there.

scholarly journals HUSTYNSKYI LITOPYS: A DOCUMENTARY MONUMENT OF UKRAINIAN HISTORICAL THOUGHT OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
S.V. SAVCHENKO ◽  
K.A. PROKOFIEVA ◽  
O.M. RESHETILOVA
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In ◽  
Historical Thought

Ukrainian historical thought of the seventeenth century is an interesting intellectual phenomenon, the genesis and social and cultural functioning of which took place against the background of political, geopolitical and interfaith confrontation in Eastern Europe. In Ukrainian historiography, this period of cultural and intellectual development was called “the first Ukrainian national and cultural revival”. Its characteristic feature was the growing interest of society in historical memory, in particular, in the memory of the Ancient Rus era as the origins of Rus-Ukraine, which is trying to find its place among other peoples of Europe. The question of reflecting the ancient n era in the historical thought of Ukraine in the late sixteenth − seventeenth centuries. in historiography it is elaborated in fragments, within the framework of side plots, at best, at the level of coverage of the views of individual authors (Feodosii Sofonovych, Inokentii Hizel, author of the Ukrainian Chronograph, some Polish writers, etc.). Among the monuments of historical thought of this tame period, the “Hustynskyi Litopys” attracts attention, the authorship of which is still the subject of discussion. The problem of authorship of the monument is quite old, but this issue has not been finally resolved. There is an assumption that y 20s of the seventeenth century. Zacharii Kopystenskyi worked on the chronicle. The list of Mykhailo Losytskyi, the hieromonk of the Hustyn monastery, made in 1670, is considered to be the final edition of the monument. This editing preserves the conceptual identity and consistency of presentation. The chronicle, despite its conceptual dependence on Polish literature, is based on its own concept, within substantiates the peculiarities of Rus' historical path among neighboring peoples, and explains the genesis of the Cossack factor, which became decisive in Eastern European politics of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Ukrainian historical thought in the form of a chronicle of the 16−17th century needs further meticulous research.

Five Years Post-Mandate

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-128
Author(s):  
Tsedal Neeley
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
English Language ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
National Language ◽  
International Acquisitions ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Advisory Body ◽  
Industrial Competitiveness ◽  
Talent Pool ◽  
Made In

This chapter documents the largely beneficial results of the lingua franca mandate on Rakuten over a period of five years, including the rise in international acquisitions, accelerated post-integration activities, centralized technical platforms, and knowledge sharing. An expanded and global talent pool changed hiring patterns within the Tokyo headquarters and worldwide, particularly in the engineering ranks. While many advances were made in the advent of the English language mandate, the chapter also highlights enduring challenges. In addition, it shows examples of Rakuten's influence beyond the confines of the organization. It chronicles how the prime minister of Japan tapped Mikitani to join a newly formed advisory body, the Industrial Competitiveness Council, to aid in developing a globalization agenda. A national language strategy was rooted in the actions that the council adopted. These activities demonstrate the role that companies can have in shaping societal growth and character.

The Case of the Disappearing Blue Women: Understanding how Meaning is made in Desi Sangye Gyatso’s Blue Beryl paintings

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rae Erin Dachille-Hey
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

Abstract This article dives into the idiosyncrasies of the life of the body in the world and the physician’s encounter with it. It asks the reader to patiently probe the images found within a set of seventeenth-century medical paintings, to seek the clues they provide to better understand the variable conditions of different bodies and, finally, to reflect upon how the details of the paintings themselves train the viewer to see the body in a very specific way. The paintings employ particular modes of expression, referred to here as ‘modes of representation’, to generate meaning. In reflecting upon the relationship between image and meaning in these paintings, it will become clear that it is the manner in which the idiosyncrasies of the body are depicted, the ways in which they are framed and patterned and the ways in which the viewer learns to make sense of them, that are ultimately meaningful.

Francis Junius (1591–1677): copyist or editor?

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 279-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Old English ◽  
English Translation ◽  
British Library ◽  
Bodleian Library ◽  
Scholarly Edition ◽  
The University ◽  
Made In

In September 1890, Hendrik Logeman, professor of English and Germanic philology at the University of Ghent in Belgium, had the audacity to accuse no less a scholar than Henry Sweet of misleading his readers. Logeman based his accusation on an unfortunate remark Sweet had made in his edition of the Old English translation of Pope Gregory'sPastoral Care. For this scholarly edition, Sweet had wished to include the text of London, British Library, Cotton Tiberius B. xi. However, having barely survived the Ashburnham House blaze of 1731, this manuscript had been almost entirely consumed by fire at a bookbinder's in 1865. As a replacement, Sweet had used Oxford, Bodleian Library, Junius 53, a transcript made by the seventeenth-century philologist Francis Junius (1591–1677) when the Cotton manuscript was still unscathed. Sweet praised Junius and emphasized the accuracy of the transcript by stating that Junius only ‘swerved from the path of literal accuracy in a few unimportant particulars’. Hendrik Logeman had collated the Old English glosses to the Benedictine Rule from Cotton Tiberius A. iii with a Junius transcript, Junius 52, for his 1888 edition, but he found, instead, that Junius failed to distinguish between 〈ð〉 and 〈þ〉 that he corrected his text without giving the reading of the manuscript, and that he added, omitted or transposed entire words.

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