Genetic diversity of two annual Salsola species (Chenopodiaceae) among habitat types in desert plant communities

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Shuyskaya ◽  
Kristina Toderich ◽  
Liliya Gismatullina ◽  
Toshpulot Rajabov ◽  
Sergey Khohlov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Allozyme Diversity ◽  
Desert Annual ◽  
Annual Plant Species ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Degraded Pastures

AbstractDesert annual plant species are valuable pasture forage and sources for restoration of degraded pastures. Examining the impact of environmental stresses on genetic diversity and population structure can identify species populations suitable for habitat restoration. We examined allozyme diversity and population structure of two annual species, halo-xerophyte

Genetic diversity and population structure in a collection of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) from Niger

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bakasso ◽  
M. Zaman-Allah ◽  
C. Mariac ◽  
C. Billot ◽  
Y. Vigouroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Farmer Management ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL.) is an economically important plant in Niger. Little is known about its genetic diversity and population structure. In this study, we performed the first diversity assessment of a collection of 124 roselle accessions and 16 accessions of its close relativesHibiscuscannabinusandAbelmoschusesculentus. Our study was based on ten agromorphological traits and 267 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. We identified two major distinct groups inH. sabdariffausing a Bayesian method. These two genetic groups were associated with statistical differences for three phenological characteristics: number of days to flowering, 100-seed weight and calyx size. However, the calyx colour, i.e. a morphological characteristic often used to classify different local ecotypes, did not superimpose this separation. Our findings suggested that roselle diversity is genetically structured; the two different groups were clearly associated with morphological differences but were not commonly used by farmers for their classification. The impact of the perceived ecotype structure and its consequence on farmer management is discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of Alternaria species from tomato and potato in North Carolina and Wisconsin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tika B. Adhikari ◽  
Norman Muzhinji ◽  
Dennis Halterman ◽  
Frank J. Louws
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEarly blight (EB) caused by Alternaria linariae or Alternaria solani and leaf blight (LB) caused by A. alternata are economically important diseases of tomato and potato. Little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of these pathogens in the United States. A total of 214 isolates of A. alternata (n = 61), A. linariae (n = 96), and A. solani (n = 57) were collected from tomato and potato in North Carolina and Wisconsin and grouped into populations based on geographic locations and tomato varieties. We exploited 220 single nucleotide polymorphisms derived from DNA sequences of 10 microsatellite loci to analyse the population genetic structure between species and between populations within species and infer the mode of reproduction. High genetic variation and genotypic diversity were observed in all the populations analysed. The null hypothesis of the clonality test based on the index of association $$\left( {\overline{r}_{d} } \right)$$ r ¯ d was rejected, and equal frequencies of mating types under random mating were detected in some studied populations of Alternaria spp., suggesting that recombination can play an important role in the evolution of these pathogens. Most genetic differences were found between species, and the results showed three distinct genetic clusters corresponding to the three Alternaria spp. We found no evidence for clustering of geographic location populations or tomato variety populations. Analyses of molecular variance revealed high (> 85%) genetic variation within individuals in a population, confirming a lack of population subdivision within species. Alternaria linariae populations harboured more multilocus genotypes (MLGs) than A. alternata and A. solani populations and shared the same MLG between populations within a species, which was suggestive of gene flow and population expansion. Although both A. linariae and A. solani can cause EB on tomatoes and potatoes, these two species are genetically differentiated. Our results provide new insights into the evolution and structure of Alternaria spp. and can lead to new directions in optimizing management strategies to mitigate the impact of these pathogens on tomato and potato production in North Carolina and Wisconsin.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and selective sweeps in historical and modern Canadian spring wheat cultivars using the 90K SNP array

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassa Semagn ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Nikolaos Alachiotis ◽  
Amidou N’Diaye ◽  
Curtis Pozniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPrevious molecular characterization studies conducted in Canadian wheat cultivars shed some light on the impact of plant breeding on genetic diversity, but the number of varieties and markers used was small. Here, we used 28,798 markers of the wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphisms to (a) assess the extent of genetic diversity, relationship, population structure, and divergence among 174 historical and modern Canadian spring wheat varieties registered from 1905 to 2018 and 22 unregistered lines (hereinafter referred to as cultivars), and (b) identify genomic regions that had undergone selection. About 91% of the pairs of cultivars differed by 20–40% of the scored alleles, but only 7% of the pairs had kinship coefficients of < 0.250, suggesting the presence of a high proportion of redundancy in allelic composition. Although the 196 cultivars represented eight wheat classes, our results from phylogenetic, principal component, and the model-based population structure analyses revealed three groups, with no clear structure among most wheat classes, breeding programs, and breeding periods. FST statistics computed among different categorical variables showed little genetic differentiation (< 0.05) among breeding periods and breeding programs, but a diverse level of genetic differentiation among wheat classes and predicted groups. Diversity indices were the highest and lowest among cultivars registered from 1970 to 1980 and from 2011 to 2018, respectively. Using two outlier detection methods, we identified from 524 to 2314 SNPs and 41 selective sweeps of which some are close to genes with known phenotype, including plant height, photoperiodism, vernalization, gluten strength, and disease resistance.

scholarly journals Population structure and impact of recurrent selection on popcorn using EST-SSR markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 35218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Janeo Eustáquio de Almeida Filho ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira Pena ◽  
Cássio Vittorazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Impact

The success of any recurrent selection program depends on the genetic variability of the evaluated population, which is used to refer to the diversity of existing alleles at many genetic loci. Thus, the goal of the present study was to investigate the impact of recurrent selection across nine cycles of a UENF-14 popcorn population through the analysis of genetic diversity and structure using microsatellite markers (EST-SSRs). Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of 25 individuals from each cycle (C0, C1 C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, and C8), totaling 225 samples from the UENF-14 population. Fifty EST-SSR markers were used for the analysis of genetic diversity across the recurrent selection cycles, 16 of which were polymorphic. Thirty-four alleles were detected, with an average of 2.13 alleles per locus. Throughout all the recurrent selection cycles, there was a reduction in heterozygosity and an increase in inbreeding. The population structure showed a sharing of alleles, inferring that some may be directly related to the main selection characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Climatic Conditions and Land Cover on Genetic Structure and Diversity of Eunica tatila (Lepidoptera) in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cavanzón-Medrano ◽  
Salima Machkour-M’Rabet ◽  
Landy Chablé-Iuit ◽  
Carmen Pozo ◽  
Yann Hénaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
The Impact

Fragmentation is the third cause of the biodiversity declination. Population genetic studies using Lepidoptera as the model species in the context of loss of habitat are scarce, particularly for tropical areas. We chose a widespread butterfly from Mexico as the model species to explore how changes of habitat characteristics (undisturbed forest, anthropogenic disturbances, and coastal areas), and climatic conditions affect genetic diversity and population structure. The Nymphalidae Eunica tatila is a common species in the Yucatan Peninsula considered to be a bio-indicator of undisturbed tropical forest, with migratory potential and a possible sex-biased dispersal. We genotyped 323 individuals collected in eight undisturbed areas, using four Inter Simple Sequence Repeats primers. Results show a high genetic diversity and no population structure. Temperature and shrub density present a positive and significant relationship with polymorphism values. Furthermore, our results show the positive effect of surrounding forest habitat on genetic diversity, confirming that E. tatila is a bio-indicator of undisturbed tropical forest. We found evidence of sex-biased dispersal. This paper represents one of the few studies on population genetics of tropical butterfly in a fragmented landscape and is, therefore, an important step in understanding the impact of habitat fragmentation on the risk of a butterflies’ decline.

Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of Eulaema nigrita (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) as a factor of habitat type in Brazilian Atlantic forest fragments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Claudinéia Pereira Costa ◽  
Clycie Aparecida da Silva Machado ◽  
Tiago Mauricio Francoy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Eulaema Nigrita ◽  
Local Abundance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In many organisms, habitat affects ecological and genetic diversity and, for certain species, it is expected that a large population should have higher genetic diversity than a smaller population. We analysed the genetics of males of the orchid bee, Eulaema nigrita (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and examined the links between local abundance and habitat with genetic diversity. We also investigated the impact of landscape features on genetic population structure, through microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analysis, among populations found across 700 km of Brazilian Atlantic forest fragments. We found that genetic variation was not a function of local abundance, but it correlated significantly with habitat. There was significant but low genetic differentiation among populations. We found a single mitochondrial DNA haplotype in all sequenced specimens, which may be widespread throughout the Atlantic forest. Our results reinforce the idea that orchid bees can fly long distances. High-dispersal capacity, together with insufficient time in eventual isolation, can directly contribute to the high degree of similarity among populations for this species, despite their wide geographical distribution.

scholarly journals Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus musculus) genome: population structure and history in the North Atlantic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Jossey ◽  
Oliver Haddrath ◽  
Livia Loureiro ◽  
Burton Lim ◽  
Jacqueline Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Balaenoptera Musculus ◽  
Blue Whale ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blue Whales

Knowledge of genetic diversity and structure is essential for developing conservation strategies for endangered species. The advances in museum genomics can assist in better understanding the effects of over-hunting on the genome by comparing historical to present-day samples. Blue whales were hunted to the point of near extinction in the mid-twentieth century. Herein, we use whole genome sequencing to elucidate the poorly understood population structure of North Atlantic (NA) blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus musculus). We generated a de novo genome assembly of 2.49 Mbp for a NA blue whale (N50 of 1.46 Mb) to analyze 19 whole genomic sequences and 28 complete mitochondrial genomes. We included present-day and historical samples (earliest from 1900) from the Atlantic and Antarctica to understand the impact of whaling on the genetic diversity. We found low population structuring, but high genetic diversity, suggesting a single, panmictic population in the NA. We identified gene flow from fin whale to blue whales, accounting for ~3.5% of the genome. Introgression between blue and fin whales was observed in all the present-day samples but were lacking in some whales sampled early in the 20th century, which suggests increasing disruption in mate choice concomitant with decline in blue whale population. We also assembled and analyzed the transcriptome and revealed positive selection of oncogenes, which may be involved in reduced cancer rates in this largest of mammals ever known. Our sequencing and population structuring studies provide a genomic framework to guide ongoing conservation strategies for this iconic species.

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