Diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder using EOG signals: a new approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Fatma Latifoğlu ◽  
Mustafa Yasin Esas ◽  
Esra Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Test System ◽  
Instrumentation Amplifier ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Reference Motion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance

AbstractA system based on objective data was developed in the diagnosis and follow-up of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in this study. First of all, an electronic circuit, with a two-channel instrumentation amplifier designed to detect eye movements in the horizontal and vertical directions via surface electrodes, was developed to obtain the electrooculogram (EOG) signals. In order to provide a controlled analysis of eye movements during the reception of the signal, an attention test with visual stimulus software was developed. Eight patients with ADHD and eight healthy subjects were asked to monitor the stimulus images on the screen in the reference directions of the test system while recording EOG signals. According to the results of the t-test, no significant difference was found (p=0.11) between the healthy group and the reference movement information, whereas a significant difference was found between patients and the reference motion information (p=0.049). According to these results, it was seen that the number of eye movements of healthy individuals was statistically significant. In addition, they were inconsistent with the reference movement information. The level of significance was found to be low in patients. In this study, a new method is presented to test and diagnose individuals who were attention deficit.

scholarly journals Does the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder interfere with bariatric surgery results?

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doglas Gobbi Marchesi ◽  
Jovana Gobbi Marchesi Ciriaco ◽  
Gustavo Peixoto Soares Miguel ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Pavan Batista ◽  
Camila Pereira Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze possible negative effects of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on the success of bariatric surgery. Methods: we evaluated forty patients undergoing bariatric surgery and with regular post-operative follow-up of at least one year. To all, we applied the questionnaire advocated in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association for ADHD, as well as analyzed their postoperative data. Results: fifteen (38%) patients presented a positive questionnaire for ADHD. Patients with ADHD presented higher BMI than patients without the disorder (45.8 vs. 40.9 kg/m2, p=0.017), and the difference remained in all postoperative stages. There was no statistically significant difference in surgery success (33.3% x 66.7%, p=0.505) or in BMI reduction (30.71% x 31.88%, p=0.671) one year after the procedure. Conclusion: ADHD patients have a higher BMI. However, the presence of ADHD does not influence the success of bariatric surgery and the reduction of BMI.

scholarly journals DRD4 Gene Polymorphisms as a Risk Factor for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Iranian Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Sara Faghfouri ◽  
Seyed Gholamreza Noorazar ◽  
Shahin AbdollahiFakhim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Drd4 Gene ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northwest Of Iran

Background and Objective. Dopamine dysfunction is known to be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) is one of the important genes in this pathway. This study intended to investigate the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3 of the DRD4 gene in Iranian children and adolescents. Materials and Methods. In this study, 130 children with ADHD, aged 6–14 years, and 130 healthy children, within the same age range, were enrolled. All children were selected from northwest of Iran which have Caucasian ethnic background and are of a Turkic ethnic group. VNTR polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene were evaluated by PCR using exon 3-specific primers followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Findings. The Hardy-Weinberg principle and Chi-square test showed a significant difference in 4-repetition (4R) alleles between the ADHD (76.2%) and control (53.8%) groups (p=0.004; X2=17.39; df=5). The least percentage of repetition alleles in both groups was 2R. Conclusion. There is a significant correlation between the 4R alleles of DRD4 and ADHD in the northwest of Iran.

Mainstream and Remedial School Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Boys: More Alike than Different

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
J. B. Savitz ◽  
P. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Executive Deficits ◽  
Mainstream School ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neuropsychological Tasks

The literature on the neuropsychology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is plagued by inconsistent findings, which are usually attributed to a variety of extraneous variables. One of the most inadequately explored of these variables is the difference between ADHD children attending remedial and mainstream schools. This study aimed to investigate whether the performance of remedial and mainstream school ADHD boys differs on relevant neuropsychological tasks. The sample consisted of three groups of 8- to 12-year-old boys. Two of these groups consisted of children with ADHD: one from remedial schools and one from mainstream schools. The third group was made up of participants without ADHD, who attended mainstream schools. The performance of the remedial school learners on the Stroop, Lurian and cancellation tasks was investigated and compared to a mainstream school ADHD sample. The performance of the ADHD group as a whole was compared with that of a control group. No significant difference in performance was found between the two ADHD groups, except for the length of time taken to read words in the control condition of the Stroop. The control group out-performed the ADHD samples on the Stroop, Lurian and cancellation tasks. The findings suggest that mainstream and remedial ADHD boys do not differ in the severity of their executive deficits, but that boys with ADHD attending remedial schools may be more likely to have another learning disorder than their counterparts at mainstream schools.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Creativity, and the Effects of Methylphenidate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 816-819
Author(s):  
Jeanne B. Funk ◽  
John B. Chessare ◽  
Michael T. Weaver ◽  
Anita R. Exley
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant

Given that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more impulsive than peers, this study explored whether they are correspondingly more creative, and whether creativity declines when impulsivity is decreased through methylphenidate (Ritalin) therapy. A repeated-measures quasi-experimental design was used to compare the performance of 19 boys with previously diagnosed ADHD and 21 comparison boys aged 8 through 11 on two administrations of alternate forms of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (nonverbal). Boys with ADHD received prescribed methylphenidate only for the first session. Overall, mean Torrance summary scores for comparison boys (mean = 115.1, SD = 16.1) were higher than for boys with ADHD (mean = 107.6, SD = 12.7). However, the difference between means was small (7%) and did not meet the 25% criterion for a clinically significant difference. No changes in performance over time (comparison group) or medication state (ADHD group) were observed. These data suggest that, when measured nonverbally, the creative thinking performance of boys with ADHD is not superior to that of peers who do not have ADHD. Regarding the effects of methylphenidate, prescribed therapy did not influence performance on this measure of creative thinking.

Visual attention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder before and after stimulant treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2617-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Low ◽  
Signe Vangkilde ◽  
Julijana le Sommer ◽  
Birgitte Fagerlund ◽  
Birte Glenthøj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Processing Speed ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which frequently persists into adulthood. The primary goal of the current study was to (a) investigate attentional functions of stimulant medication-naïve adults with ADHD, and (b) investigate the effects of 6 weeks of methylphenidate treatment on these functions.MethodsThe study was a prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded, 6-week follow-up design with 42 stimulant medication-naïve adult patients with ADHD, and 42 age and parental education-matched healthy controls. Assessments included measures of visual attention, based on Bundesen's Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), which yields five precise measures of aspects of visual attention; general psychopathology; ADHD symptoms; dyslexia screening; and estimates of IQ.ResultsAt baseline, significant differences were found between patients and controls on three attentional parameters: visual short-term memory capacity, threshold of conscious perception, and to a lesser extent visual processing speed. Secondary analyses revealed no significant correlations between TVA parameter estimates and severity of ADHD symptomatology. At follow-up, significant improvements were found specifically for visual processing speed; this improvement had a large effect size, and remained when controlling for re-test effects, IQ, and dyslexia screen performance. There were no significant correlations between changes in visual processing speed and changes in ADHD symptomatology.ConclusionsADHD in adults may be associated with deficits in three distinct aspects of visual attention. Improvements after 6 weeks of medication are seen specifically in visual processing speed, which could represent an improvement in alertness. Clinical symptoms and visual attentional deficits may represent separate aspects of ADHD in adults.

scholarly journals The effect of methylphenidate-OROS® on the narrative ability of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa L. Rausch ◽  
Diane L. Kendall ◽  
Sara T. Kover ◽  
Elizabeth M. Louw ◽  
Ursula L. Zsilavecz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Narrative Ability

Background and objective: Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience difficulty with expressive language, including form (e.g. grammatical construction) and content (e.g. coherence). The current study aimed to investigate the effect of methylphenidate-Osmotic Release Oral System® (MPH-OROS®) on the narrative ability of children with ADHD and language impairment, through the analysis of microstructure and macrostructure narrative elements.Method: In a single group off–on medication test design, narratives were obtained from 12 children with ADHD, aged 7–13 years, using wordless picture books. For microstructure, number of words, type–token ratio and mean length of utterance were derived from narrative samples using Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts conventions. For macrostructure, the narratives were coded according to the Narrative Scoring Scheme, which includes seven narrative characteristics, as well as a composite score reflecting the child’s overall narrative ability.Results: The administration of MPH-OROS® resulted in a significant difference in certain aspects of language macrostructure: cohesion and overall narrative ability. Little effect was noted in microstructure elements.Conclusion: We observed a positive effect of stimulant medication on the macrostructure, but not on the microstructure, of narrative production. Although stimulant medication improves attention and concentration, it does not improve all aspects of language abilities in children with ADHD. Language difficulties associated with ADHD related to language content and use may be more responsive to stimulant medication than language form, which is likely to be affected by cascading effects of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity beginning very early in life and to progress over a more protracted period. Therefore, a combination of treatments is advocated to ensure that children with ADHD are successful in reaching their full potential.

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