scholarly journals Causes and Effects of Water Consumption Drop by the Population of Cities in Poland - Selected Aspects

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (27) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Gorączko ◽  
Rafał Pasela
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
City Population ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
The City ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

Abstract The article presents, with an example of four cities of various size, a phenomenon of a drop in water consumption by the city population in Poland. The paper draws on 1995-2012 official statistics. A significant decrease in household water consumption was observed, which refers to both the total water volume used by households as well as the average daily water consumption per resident. The article also determines the most essential factors affecting the amount of water consumed, out of which the price of water appears to be of the most significant one.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

scholarly journals Daily Water Consumption and its Contribution to Calcium Intake in Korean Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Sun Park ◽  
Yeon-Kyung Lee ◽  
Mi-Hyun Kim ◽  
Mi-Kyeong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

scholarly journals Influence of Land Use Patterns on Evapotranspiration and Its Components in a Temperate Grassland Ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhe Li ◽  
Jiangwen Fan ◽  
Zhongmin Hu ◽  
Quanqin Shao ◽  
Liangxia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Explained Variation ◽  
Infrared Gas Analyzer ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

To better understand variation in response of components of ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) to grassland use differences, we selected three typical land use patterns in a temperate steppe area: grazed steppe (G), steppe with grazers excluded (GE), and steppe cultivated to cropland (C). ET was divided into its components evaporation (E) and canopy transpiration (T) using herbicide and a chamber attached to a portable infrared gas analyzer (Li-6400). The results indicated that daily water consumption by ET in G was 3.30 kg m−2d−1; compared with G, ET increased significantly in GE at 13.4% and showed a trend of 6.73% increase in C. Daily water consumption by E increased 24.3% in GE relative to G, and C showed 20.2% more than GE. At 0.46, E/ET in C was significantly higher than G at 0.35. Air temperature and the vapor pressure deficit were closely correlated with variation in diurnal ET, E, and T. The leaf area index (LAI) was also positively correlated with daily ET and E varied among grassland use patterns and explained variation in E/ET (81%). Thus, variation in LAI strongly influences the overall magnitude of ecosystem ET and the composition of its components under different grassland use patterns.

scholarly journals Total water consumption of cereals on the slopes of the Central District of Russia and zoned bioclimatic ratios

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
N. N. Dubenok ◽  
R. V. Kalinichenko ◽  
M. V. Klimakhina ◽  
E. V. Matsyganova ◽  
K. B. Shumakova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Perennial Herbs

Relevance. In Russia the issue of resource-saving irrigation of agricultural land is one of the most urgent, and total water consumption is one of the most important elements of the water balance of irrigated territory. Analyze the basic methods of determining the total water consumption, determine the average daily water consumption, total water consumption and zonal bioclimatic ratios for oats, barley with planting perennial herbs and perennial herbs in the conditions of the Central Region of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on a stationary field experience in the Podolsk district of the Moscow District. To improve the individual elements of the water balance in these conditions were laid stationary water balancing sites (S=200 m2). The pre-21 thresholds for soil moisture was not less than 75%. The research was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods and recommendations. Total water consumption during the growing season and in the phases of plant development was determined by the method of water balance. Results. The total water consumption of crops by elements of the slope varies significantly between the upper and lower elements of the slope difference is 12-15 mm, which should be taken into account when calculating irrigation regimes on sloped lands. At the top of the slope it is necessary to carry out 1-2 watering more than at the base of the slope. Differentiated watering along the length of the slope allows to save irrigation water by 10-15%. The water consumption of crops in the context of the experience was greater in April and September than in the other months of growing. This is due to climate indicators. Total evaporation from the soil and plant surfaces depends on soil moisture, crop condition, wind speed, temperature and humidity. In April and September, the study years showed elevated temperatures and low relative humidity. When comparing the average daily water consumption at irrigated areas at the top and at the base of the slope, it is seen that in all the months of vegetation it is more on the upper section by an average of 12%. Bioclimatic coefficients depend on humidity and air temperature. The zonal coefficients we have obtained allow us to determine the water consumption of crops, both in each growing season and in general for vegetation.

scholarly journals Fluctuations of Daily Water Consumption in Sheep.

1967 ◽  
Vol 1967 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Yasushi ASAHIDA ◽  
K^|^ocirc; MIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

scholarly journals Guidelines for irrigation scheduling of banana crop in São Francisco Valley, Brazil. II - Water consumption, crop coefficient, and physiologycal behavior

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Henrique Bassoi ◽  
Antonio Heriberto de Castro Teixeira ◽  
José Moacir Pinheiro Lima Filho ◽  
José Antonio Moura e Silva ◽  
Emanuel Elder Gomes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

The water consumption and the crop coefficient of the banana cv. Pacovan were estimated in Petrolina County, northeastern Brazil, in order to establish guidelines to irrigation water management. Evaluations were carried out since planting in January 1999 to the 3rd harvest in September 2001 on a microsprinkler irrigated orchard, with plants spaced in a 3 x 3 m grid. Average daily water consumption was 3.9, 4.0, and 3.3 mm in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd growing seasons, respectively. Crop coefficient values increased from 0.7 (vegetative growth) to 1.1 (flowering). Even with high soil water availability, transpiration was reduced due to high evaporative demand.

Effect of feed deprivation on daily water consumption in healthy horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
David E. Freeman ◽  
Alexandra Mooney ◽  
Steeve Giguère ◽  
Jami Claire ◽  
Chloe Evetts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Deprivation ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

scholarly journals Water and time use: evidence from Kathmandu, Nepal

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. 76-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Jie Chen ◽  
Namrata Chindarkar ◽  
Jane Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Time Diary ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Water Collection

Abstract In this paper, we examine the effect of private tap water reliability on time spent on water collection and total water consumption among urban households in Kathmandu, Nepal. Although the majority of households in Kathmandu are connected to a private tap, they experience intermittent water supply. We link a unique time diary dataset collected between 2014 and 2015 to household water consumption and tap water reliability data. Our empirical analyses demonstrate that improved reliability of private tap water connection (PWC), measured as self-reported reliability and an objective measure of ‘probability of getting tap water in the next hour’, leads to increased time spent on water collection. Households with more reliable PWC also consume more water overall and from their own taps. Further investigation demonstrates that when private taps became more reliable, households substituted water collected from outside the household, such as water from public taps and public wells, with water from their own private taps. Our results proved robust to additional specification checks.

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