The intrinsic frame of reference and the Dhivehi ‘FIBO’ system

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon Lum
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Case ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Spatial Language ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Intrinsic Frame

Abstract While geocentric and relative frames of reference have figured prominently in the literature on spatial language and cognition, the intrinsic frame of reference has received less attention, though various subtypes of the intrinsic frame have been proposed. This paper presents a revised classification of the intrinsic frame, distinguishing between three subtypes: a ‘direct’ subtype, an ‘object-centered’ subtype and a ‘figure-anchored’ subtype, with a cross-cutting distinction between ‘function-based’ and ‘shape-based’ systems. In addition, the ‘FIBO’ (front = inner, back = outer) system in Dhivehi is analyzed as an example of a borderline case, with some important features of the intrinsic frame but also some differences, presenting a challenge for existing frame of reference classifications. The rotational properties of these various systems are also considered. The analysis underscores the considerable diversity within intrinsic systems but also points to a closer relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic frames than has previously been appreciated. This may have implications for broader theoretical issues including how frames of reference are acquired, how speech communities come to use different frames and whether patterns of frame use in discourse shape patterns of non-verbal frame use.

Relationship between Frames of Reference and Mirror-Image Reversals

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5529 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Yoshimura ◽  
Tatsuo Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Image ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Extended Problem ◽  
Left Right Asymmetry ◽  
Common Frame Of Reference ◽  
Intrinsic Frame

The mirror puzzle related to the perception of mirror images as left–right reversed can be more fully understood by considering an extended problem that includes also the perception of mirror images that are not left–right reversed. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the physical aspect of this extended problem logically and parsimoniously. Separate use of the intrinsic frame of reference that belongs to the object and one that belongs to its mirror image always leads to the perception of left–right reversal when the object has left–right asymmetry; on the other hand, the perception of left–right nonreversal is always due to the application of a common frame of reference to the object and its mirror image.

Language, culture and cognition: The view from space / Sprache, Kultur und Kognition: Die Betrachtung vom Raum

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Spatial Language ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Linguistic Group ◽  
Spatial Frames Of Reference ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Cultural Explanation ◽  
Core Role

AbstractThis paper addresses the vexed questions of how language relates to culture, and what kind of notion of culture is important for linguistic explanation. I first sketch five perspectives - five different construals - of culture apparent in linguistics and in cognitive science more generally. These are: (i) culture as ethno-linguistic group, (ii) culture as a mental module, (iii) culture as knowledge, (iv) culture as context, and (v) culture as a process emergent in interaction. I then present my own work on spatial language and cognition in a Mayan languge and culture, to explain why I believe a concept of culture is important for linguistics. I argue for a core role for cultural explanation in two domains: in analysing the semantics of words embedded in cultural practices which color their meanings (in this case, spatial frames of reference), and in characterizing thematic and functional links across different domains in the social and semiotic life of a particular group of people.

scholarly journals Variation in spatial concepts: Different frames of reference on different axes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Pitt ◽  
Alexandra Carstensen ◽  
Edward Gibson ◽  
Steven T. Piantadosi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Spatial Language ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Spatial Thinking ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Spatial Frames Of Reference ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Lateral Axis ◽  
The Way

Spatial language and cognition vary across contexts. In some groups, people tend to use egocentric space (e.g. left, right) to encode the locations of objects, while in other groups, people use allocentric space (e.g. upriver, downriver) to describe the same spatial scene. These different spatial Frames of Reference (FoRs) characterize both the way people talk about spatial relations and the way they think about them, even when they are not using language. These patterns of spatial language and spatial thinking tend to covary, but the root causes of this variation are unclear. Here we propose that this variation in FoR use reflects variation in the spatial discriminability of the relevant spatial continua. In an initial test of this proposal, we compared FoR use across spatial axes that are known to differ in discriminability. In two non-verbal tests, a group of indigenous Bolivians used different FoRs on different spatial axes; on the lateral axis, where egocentric (left-right) discrimination is difficult, their behavior was predominantly allocentric; on the sagittal axis, where egocentric (front-back) discrimination is relatively easy, their behavior was predominantly egocentric. These findings support the spatial discriminability hypothesis, which may explain variation in spatial concepts not only across axes, but also across groups, between individuals, and over development.

scholarly journals Errors in pointing are due to approximations in sensorimotor transformations

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Soechting ◽  
M. Flanders
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Extrapersonal Space ◽  
Sensorimotor Transformations ◽  
One Step ◽  
Intrinsic Frame

1. We define an extrinsic frame of reference to represent the location of a point in extrapersonal space relative to a human subject's shoulder, and we define an intrinsic frame of reference to represent the orientation of the arm and forearm. 2. We examined the relations between coordinates in the extrinsic and intrinsic frames of reference under two experimental conditions: when subjects made inaccurate movements by pointing to virtual targets in the dark and when they made accurate movements by pointing to actual targets in the light. 3. When subjects made inaccurate movements, there was a close-to-linear relationship between the orientation angles of the arm (intrinsic coordinates) at its final position and the extrinsic coordinates of the target. When they made accurate movements, these relationships were more nonlinear. 4. Specifically, arm and forearm elevations depended principally on target distance and elevation, whereas the two yaw angles depended mainly on the target's azimuth. 5. We propose that errors in pointing occur because subjects implement a linear approximation to the transformation from extrinsic to intrinsic coordinates and that this transformation is one step in the process of transforming a visually derived representation of target location into an appropriate pattern of muscle activity.

Deixis, gesture, and cognition in spatial Frame of Reference typology

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Danziger
Keyword(s):  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Spatial Language ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Spatial Frame ◽  
Pointing Gestures ◽  
Ground Anchor ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
Better Than

The three Frames of Reference recognized in the current inventory of spatial-language types are differentiated by their placement of the Anchor from which the vector of search space from Ground to Figure is calculated (Levinson 1996). In certain well-recognized examples, Anchor merges with Ground. The existing analysis treats this merged component as analytically Ground rather than Anchor; its location in or out of the speech situation is therefore taken to be independent of the Frame of Reference typology. Instead, I treat this component as analytically Anchor, making its speech-situation status criterial to the typology. Four, not three, Frames of Reference now appear. The fourth, “Direct” frame, distinguishes binary locutions with a speech participant as Ground/Anchor (e.g. ‘in front of you’) from “Object-Centered” binary locutions in which Ground/Anchor is not a speech participant ( e.g. ‘in front of the kettle’). This four-frame analysis corresponds better than does the three-frame one to the logic of rotation sensitivity which has been used to show Whorfian parallels between language and conceptualization across cultures. I close by discussing the application of Frame of Reference typology to pointing gestures, and show how recognition of the fourth frame of reference allows us to bring discussion of these, and of the linguistic demonstratives and locatives with which they so frequently co-occur, fully within the Frame of Reference typology.

Spatial cognition and linguistic expression

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 261-283
Author(s):  
Kazuko Shinohara ◽  
Yoshihiro Matsunaka
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Ground Object ◽  
Intrinsic Orientation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intrinsic Frame

This paper analyzes frames of reference involved in linguistic expression of spatial relations of objects, using an experimental method. Objects with and without intrinsic orientation are used as the figure object, and it is demonstrated that there exists in Japanese a phenomenon we call ‘figure-aligned mapping’, where the coordinate system on the figure object is projected onto the ground object. This is what previous studies have not reported or argued. We claim that this figure-aligned mapping belongs to the intrinsic frame of reference among the three (intrinsic, relative, and absolute) frames of reference proposed by Levinson, and some revision of his definition of the intrinsic frame is proposed so that figure-aligned mapping can be accommodated in it. The result of this study confirms the importance of the notion of coordinate system in the discussion of frames of reference.

scholarly journals Achievements of the academic grammar school

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
Kateryna Horodensʹka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Functional Syntax ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
Formation System

This study aims at investigating the development of grammatical theory at the Institute of the Ukrainian Language for the last 30 years. The paper summarizes achievements in grammar theory from applying the functional, i.e., semantic and grammatical, approach developed by I.R. Vykhovanetsʹ to differentiating units into word and nonword classes and distinguishing morphological categories of major word classes. This facilitated the establishment of the theoretical basis of functional and categorical morphology. The author analyses studies in formal grammatical, semantic, functional, categorical, deri vational, and anthropocentric syntax that attest to the multidimensional growth of a syntactic theory and main aspects of the Ukrainian word formation on the basis of semantic and categorical syntax and a formant- and stem-based derivatology. Some of the latest multi-pronged processes in word formation reflect dynamics of word formation rules, the replenishment of word formation resources, and the development of the word-formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The solving of a complex set of theoretical issues in the modern Ukrainian word-formation introduced the methodological foundations for the recent normative description of the word formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The article addresses issues in studies on applied grammar determined by the process of glo balization and democratization of the Ukrainian society and the needs of Modern Ukrainian language practice to be met. Particular importance is attached to the grammatical prescriptive norms in the professional use, the actualization of case forms appearing in the passive vocabulary, and the dynamics of morphological and syntactic norms in various functional and stylistic dimensions of Standard Ukrainian. Keywords: functional grammar, functional morphology, functional syntax, categorical grammar, categorical syntax, categorical word formation, classification of parts of speech, morphological categories.

scholarly journals Perspective construal techniques in indirect non-referential naming

2020 ◽  
pp. 188-204
Author(s):  
M. I. Kiose ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Reference Coordinate System ◽  
Complex Procedure ◽  
Focus Type ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
Reference Distance ◽  
Fictive Motion

The research explores the perspective construal techniques applied in predicate indirect noun groups in Russian. In this case, the discourse perspective is construed with a highly salient ob-ject of perspective in the construed frame of reference. To achieve this effect, the speaker / narrator chooses a particular type of predicate indirect noun groups, such as predicate con-structions with the verbs of fictive motion, appearance, and being (existence) or comparative constructions. Each of these construction types demonstrates its own linguistic and cognitive features, which are used to apply various perspectivization techniques to ensure that its inter-pretation will proceed successfully. To detect these techniques, a complex procedure is applied. Hand-selected fragments analysis followed by corpus statistic and correlation analysis help define the parameters and values in predicate indirect noun group constructions. These parameters are referential (bodily modus type, referent type, referent focus type), lexical (first / repeated lexeme use, type of attribute in pre-position, intensifier type in pre-position), syntactic (sentence initial / final position, position before a clause, co-reference distance in words and propositions) and textual ones (textual role, new microevent introduction). Vari-ance analysis has revealed a group of parameters typical for the studied construction types of predicate indirect noun groups. Parametric results allow describe the typical techniques of object mental scanning, object construal, frames of reference (coordinate system) construal. These include the techniques of mental path shortening / prolongation, embodiment con- strual alleviation / constraining, animated / non-animated object construal, stability / instabil-ity of frames of reference, etc.

scholarly journals Administrative and legal coercion: theoretical issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
S. A. Starostin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Coercion ◽  
The Will ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Administrative Responsibility

The article discusses the problems of disclosing the content of administrative and legal coercion, analyzes various classifications. It is noted that the existing opinion that one of the first authors of the three-term classification of administrative and legal coercion is M. I. Eropkin, is not entirely correct, since other classifications were proposed much earlier. In the article they are analyzed and on this basis the signs of administrative and legal coercion are formulated. This is their state-imperious nature, coercion is applied exclusively on a legal basis. This is a sectoral method of influence, which consists in the application by the competent state authorities and their officials of temporary measures established by law and restrictions on the rights and freedoms of a citizen.Comparing the content of administrative responsibility and administrativelegal coercion, it was concluded that it is broader than coercion, coercion is only part of the responsibility. Administrative-legal coercion is always the forcible submission of the will of the controlled subject to the will of the manager, and this subject can take responsibility without violence, voluntarily. This conclusion is based on specific examples.

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