Study on the classification of seawater corrosivity of typical sea areas in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Kangkang Ding ◽  
Penghui Zhang ◽  
Shaotong Liu ◽  
Lin Fan ◽  
Weimin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
First Year ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Seawater Corrosion ◽  
Test Materials

AbstractIn order to evaluate the seawater corrosivity of typical sea areas in China and provide guidance for the seawater corrosion protection on marine equipment and facilities, field exposure test was carried out. These typical sea areas under various climatic zones in China included Qingdao, Zhoushan, Sanya and a South China Sea reef, and Q235, copper, 5083 aluminum alloy and 304 stainless steel were chosen as test materials. The continuous monitoring of seawater environmental factors (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc.,) and the statistical work of first-year corrosion rates of test materials were done. Then, based on the metal corrosion rates method and the environmental factors method, the seawater corrosivity of these typical sea areas in China were classified, respectively. Furthermore, the classification results from the two methods were compared and analyzed.

scholarly journals AEROSOL SALINITY AND CORROSION RATE OF CARBON STEEL IN NHA TRANG CITY ATMOSPHERE

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Thao Van Bui ◽  
De Vo ◽  
Tan Quang Nguyen ◽  
Tan Huu Nguyen ◽  
Tru Nhi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
First Year ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Aerosol salinity and atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel were determined at six sites in Nhatrang coastal city. The sites have been selected with different distances from the sea and various heights above sea levels. Results show that the aerosol salinity was strongly influenced by salt collecting positions and by various meteorological parameters, especially by wind speed and directions. Corrosion rates of carbon steel were dependent with the aerosol salinity values at all exposure sites. Besides, atmospheric corrosivities for above mentioned sites of Nhatrang city have been classified according to ISO 9223:1992. Nhatrang atmosphere is considered to be in S1 class by aerosol salinity and C3 class by corrosion rate of carbon steel after first year exposure test.

scholarly journals Development International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for Post Total Knee Replacement Rehabilitation Program: Delphi-Based Consensus Study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Shih-Wei Huang ◽  
Yi-Wen Chen ◽  
Reuben Escorpizo ◽  
Chun-De Liao ◽  
Tsan-Hon Liou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
International Classification ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Icf Core Set ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Orthopedic Rehabilitation ◽  
Total Knee

Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of disability. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical intervention for patients with severe osteoarthritis. Post TKA rehabilitation is crucial for improving patient’s quality of life. However, traditional rehabilitation has only focused on physical function; a systemic analysis of other dimensions such as social participation and environmental factors of post TKA rehabilitation is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a core set from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to create a comprehensive rehabilitation program for patients with osteoarthritis post TKA. Before the Delphi-based consensus process, a literature review process was performed for related ICF categories selection. We used a three-round Delphi-based consensus among 20 physical therapists with orthopedic rehabilitation expertise in a university-based hospital. A five-point Likert scale was used to rate the importance of each item. The consensus of ratings was analyzed using Spearman’s rho and semi-interquartile range indices. The ICF core set for post TKA rehabilitation was determined based on a high level of consensus and a mean score of ≥4.0 in the third Delphi-based consensus round. The ICF core set comprised 32 categories, with 13 regarding body function, four regarding body structures, nine regarding activities and participation, four regarding environmental factors, and two regarding personal factors. Our ICF core set for post TKA rehabilitation can provide information on effective rehabilitation strategies and goal setting for patients post TKA. However, further validation and feasibility assessments are warranted.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEGRO INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Roland B. Scott ◽  
Angella D. Ferguson ◽  
Melvin E. Jenkins ◽  
Fred F. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
First Year Of Life

The time of occurrence of 12 neuromuscular patterns of behavior in the development of 2 groups of Negro infants from different socio-economic levels during the first year of life is presented. The Negro infants from the clinic showed acceleration over the Negro infants from private practice in their development from the 8th to the 35th week of life, after which time, the development of the 2 groups was essentially the same. The Negro infants as a group showed acceleration in their development when compared with a group of white infants studied in a similar manner by Aldrich except in 2 patterns, "smiling" and "vocalization." A marked similarity was noted during the first 30 weeks of life in the development of the white and Negro infants from private practice whose socio-economic backgrounds were substantially similar. The differences and similarities observed in the neuromuscular behavior in the 3 groups studied may be attributed mainly to environmental factors. The observed acceleration in the Negro infants is apparently an expression of greater permissiveness in daily care as practiced by the mothers or mother substitutes in the lower socio-economic classes.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopment of small-for-gestational age infants: behavioral aspects in first year

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadete Mello ◽  
Heloisa Gagliardo ◽  
Vanda Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Full Term ◽  
First Year ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
State Liability

The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior of full-term small-for-gestational age (SGA) with full-term appropriate-for gestational age (AGA) infants in the first year of life. We prospectively evaluated 68 infants in the 2nd month, 67 in the 6th month and 69 in the 12th month. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with emphasis on the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS). The groups were similar concerning the item “interest in test materials and stimuli”; there was a trend toward differences in the items “negative affect”, “hypersensitivity to test materials” and “adaptation to change in test materials”. The mean of Raw Score was significantly lower for the SGA group in the items “predominant state”, “liability of state of arousal”, “positive affect”, “soothability when upset”, “energy”, “exploration of objects and surroundings”, “orientation toward examiner”. A lower BRS score was associated with the SGA group in the 2nd month.

scholarly journals Ontological modeling of the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health (ICF): Activities&Participation and Environmental Factors components

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cozzi ◽  
Andrea Martinuzzi ◽  
Vincenzo Della Mea
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Classification ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Upper Ontology

Abstract Background The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a classification of health and health-related states developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to provide a standard and unified language to be used as a reference model for the description of health and health-related states. The concept of functioning on which ICF is based is that of a “dynamic interaction between a person’s health condition, environmental factors and personal factors”. This overall model has been translated into a classification covering all the main components of functioning. However, the practical use of ICF has highlighted some formal problems, mainly concerning conceptual clarity and ontological coherence. Methods In the present work, we propose an initial ontological formalization of ICF beyond its current status, focusing specifically on the interaction between activities and participation and environmental factors. The formalization has been based on ontology engineering methods to drive goal and scope definition, knowledge acquisition, selection of an upper ontology for mapping, conceptual model definition and evaluation, and finally representation using the Ontology Web Language (OWL). Results A conceptual model has been defined in a graphical language that included 202 entities, when possible mapped to the SUMO upper ontology. The conceptual model has been validated against 60 case studies from the literature, plus 6 ad-hoc case studies. The model has been then represented using OWL. Conclusions This formalization might provide the basis for a revision of the ICF classification in line with current efforts made by WHO on the International Classification of Diseases and on the International Classification of Health Interventions.

Letter to Roger Money-Kyrle

2016 ◽  
pp. 223-224
Author(s):  
Donald W. Winnicott
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seventieth Birthday ◽  
Individual Needs

Winnicott agrees to contribute to the Festschrift book for Klein’s seventieth birthday. He suggests he might write something on the classification of environmental factors on the basis of individual needs. Winnicott proposes correcting the impression that Klein ignores the environmental factors.

Contrasting environmental factors drive bacterial and eukaryotic community successions in freshly deglaciated soils

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajmal Khan ◽  
Weidong Kong ◽  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Guoshuai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Community Succession ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Eukaryotic Community ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Late Stages

ABSTRACT Glacier retreats expose deglaciated soils to microbial colonization and succession, however, the differences in drivers of bacterial and eukaryotic succession remain largely elusive. We explored soil bacterial and eukaryotic colonization and yearly community succession along a deglaciation chronosequence (10-year) on the Tibetan Plateau using qPCR, T-RFLP, and sequencing of clone libraries. The results exhibited that bacteria and eukaryotes rapidly colonized the soils in the first year of deglaciation, thereafter slowly increasing from 107 up to 1010 and 1011 gene copies g−1 soil, respectively. Bacterial and eukaryotic community changes were observed to group into distinct stages, including early (0–2 year old), transition (3–5 year old) and late stages (6–10 year old). Bacterial community succession was dominantly driven by soil factors (47.7%), among which soil moisture played a key role by explaining 26.9% of the variation. In contrast, eukaryotic community succession was dominantly driven by deglaciation age (22.2%). The dominant bacterial lineage was Cyanobacteria, which rapidly decreased from the early to the transition stage. Eukaryotes were dominated by glacier-originated Cercozoa in early stage soils, while green algae Chlorophyta substantially increased in late stage soils. Our findings revealed contrasting environmental factors driving bacterial and eukaryotic community successions.

Relevant functioning aspects and environmental factors for adults and seniors undergoing hemodialysis: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
pp. 174239532094520
Author(s):  
José C Araújo Filho ◽  
Luana P Rocha ◽  
Frederico CB Cavalcanti ◽  
Patrícia EM Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Hemodialysis Treatment ◽  
Social Support Services

Objective To identify which functioning, personal and environmental factors are more relevant to adults in hemodialysis treatment. Materials and methods Data was collected by semi-structured interview, recorded, transcribed in full, verified and produced by Bardin Thematic content analysis. Two independent researchers identified the relevant themes and named the thematic categories found according to the coding of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Results Six men and three women aged between 32–65 years were interviewed, with per capita family income between 1–2.9 minimum salaries and hemodialysis treatment time between 5 to 26 years. Fifty-seven ICF categories were listed: 17 Body Functions, 9 Body Structures, 21 Activities and Participation, and 10 Environmental Factors. Health, transportation and general social support services, systems and policies; doing housework; recreation and leisure; emotional functions, temperament and personality functions; energy and drive functions; sensation of pain; and structures of the cardiovascular system, lower extremity and musculoskeletal structures related to movement were the most reported aspects by the participants. Conclusion Patients’ need for physical/emotional support from their partners, friends and health professionals, including emotional and social support, with health policies, transportation and job maintenance, in order to increase their survival and quality of life.

CLASSIFICATION OF HAND SPLINTING

Hand Surgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon K. M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Single System ◽  
Logical Deduction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
American Society ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New System ◽  
Rote Memory

The terminology in describing splint or orthosis has been reviewed but there is no one single system adopted universally. Joint efforts by doctors, therapists and orthotists had been set up to review the classification of splint. Four ways of classifying hand splints have been introduced: namely, eponym, acronym, descriptive classification system and the classification system proposed by the American Society of Hand Therapists. These systems include the use of rote memory or logical deduction in grouping of splints. This paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of each classification system. Neither one of the systems stands out to be the best. A combination of the advantages of different systems, such as precision and logical deduction, may be an option for developing a new system. Moreover, communication, documentation and other environmental factors should also be considered.

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