scholarly journals To the Origins of American Archaeology in the Czech Lands: The Case of Julius Nestler

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Markéta Křížová
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Life Story ◽  
American Archaeology ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Czech Lands

AbstractThe basis for the present article is the case study of Julius Nestler, amateur archaeologist from Prague, who at the beginning of the twentieth century pursued excavations in the ruins of Tiahuanaco and brought to Prague a unique collection of about 3,600 pieces, deposited now in the Náprstek Museum in Prague. His activities are put into the broader context of the origins of Americanist archaeology and anthropology in Central Europe, against a background of nationalist competition and economic entrepreneurship. The life story of Nestler also brings to the fore the problem of ethics in anthropological and archaeological work.

scholarly journals ”The History of Human Stupidity”: Vojtěch Frič and his Program of a Comparative Study of Religions

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-67
Author(s):  
Markéta Křížová
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
General Public ◽  
Central European ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
The Comparative Study

Abstract The present article represents a partial outcome of a larger project that focuses on the history of the beginnings of anthropology as an organized science at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries, in the broader socio-political context of Central Europe. Attention is focused especially on the nationalist and social competitions that had an important impact upon intellectual developments, but in turn were influenced by the activities of scholars and their public activities. The case study of Vojtěch (Alberto) Frič, traveler and amateur anthropologist, who in the first two decades of the twentieth century presented to European scientific circles and the general public in the Czech Lands his magnanimous vision of the comparative study of religions, serves as a starting point for considerations concerning the general debates on the purpose, methods, and ethical dimensions of ethnology as these were resonating in Central European academia of the period under study.

scholarly journals Authoritative Structures of British Feminist Colonial Discourse: Emily Keen’s Travel Narrative My Life Story as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Iman Raissouni
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Travel Writing ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Travel Narrative ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Race Identity ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This paper analyses the representation of Morocco by a British female traveller during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Emily Keen’s My Life Story attempts to set out the conditions in which women travelled and translated the reception of their experiences into autobiographies in their native countries, breaking down the boundaries of space and time to discover and interpret the discourse that traverses the writer’s narrative. The endeavour is to show how what was imagined about the country, what was a fantastic legend about Morocco, what started as an innocent story and literary entertainment for British readers, built up to make an authoritative discourse of colonisation. My intention and method go so far as to broaden the range of issues connected to travel writing. These issues include gender, race, identity, and personal experience, etc. Through this lens, I argue that such writers were conscious and unconscious informants preparing the way for the European colonisation of the country; they are the living witnesses of an evolution through which a culture was forced to open itself to foreign powers.

Erich Wulffen and the case of the criminal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Lang
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Case Writing

State Prosecutor and legal reformer Erich Wulffen used the case study genre for legal and largely didactic purposes. Chapter 4 illustrates the adoption of the conventions of sexological case writing by the legal fraternity in twentieth-century Central Europe, and ways in which Wulffen brought the case study genre from the hidden world of the court to the wider public. In doing this, Wulffen carved a niche for himself as an expert in legal reform and sexology in Wilhelmine and Weimar Germany. He embraced different kinds of case modalities over the course of his professional career, targeting professional, middle-class audiences and the wider reading public during his thirty years in the role of prosecutor. The changing success of Wulffen’s publications highlights the intensifying crisis of the expert case study as a modality able to ‘speak the truth’ about modern sexuality and deviance. While Wulffen’s expert case studies about con men and other criminals were highly successful during the Wilhelmine era, the same approach and model for case writing met a more critical audience after 1918. Wulffen embraced the challenge of a new democratic environment by writing implicitly didactical popular crime novels. However, eventually his criminal subjects literally ‘wrote back’ after their sensationalised trials, using case studies in an attempt to narrate their own versions of events. The accounts of these criminals-turned-writers such as convicted paedophile Edith Cadivec. Thus the popularisation of sensationalist case studies, written, for instance, by perpetrators of crime, was an important factor in the case study genre’s loss of respectability.

scholarly journals Góry postępowe

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 191-208
Author(s):  
Jan Pacholski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Political Matter

The aim of the present article is to demonstrate that people who explore the mountains or have ties to the mountains are among those who bring progress or at least believe they do. The author also seeks to show that in many periods mountain treks had a rather significant social or religious dimension, and specific groups or classes becoming mountaineers often became a political matter. In order to substantiate the thesis the author uses a number of examples, moving non-chronologically from the twentieth century, especially its first half, through the second half of the nineteenth century, and ending with romanticism and the Enlightenment era. The examples illustrating the author’s thesis are limited territorially to Central Europe, mainly its part that was historically or still is today German-speaking.

Dogged by Destiny

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Geller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Vichy France ◽  
The Law ◽  
Narrative Poem ◽  
Wolf Man

After observing how, despite a tradition of identifying Jews with wolves that spanned from Chrysostom to Vichy France, few Jewish werewolves prowled the Gentile legal, legendary, and literary accounts of lycanthropes prior to the twentieth century, this chapter examines correlations between the medieval German notion of the wargus, the werewolf or outlaw, and the identification of “the Jew” as wolf. In particular, it attends to the different ways H. Leivick, in his Yiddish narrative poem “Der Volf” (1920), and Curt Siodmak, in his script(s) for The Wolf Man (1941), work through the relation among “the Jew,” the Law, and the lupine/lycanthropic. The chapter also addresses Heine’s portrayal of diverse Jewish were-canids, whether imagined by Gentile audiences of Shakespeare’s Shylock or experienced by Jewish peddlers in nineteenth-century Central Europe. Further, after questioning whether to include Freud’s “Wolf-Man” case study among Jewish wolf-men, it suggests that canine-centered readings of the case have been barking up the wrong tree and that the wolf at Freud’s door was his fear of being accused of having plagiarized another psychiatrist, Dr. Moshe Wulff.

(Con)Versions of Cats and Mice and Other Mouse Traps

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Geller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heinrich Heine ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the possible connections between the staging of cat-mouse and cat-rat pairings by Franz Kafka and Heinrich Heine, on the one hand, and the asymmetrical and often violent power relations between Gentiles and Jews, on the other. It first, by means of a deconstruction of Michael Schmidt’s new-historicist article on Kafka’s “Little Fable,” interpellates Kafka’s posthumously published piece into a number of intertextual (including his letters to Milena Jesenská and the fragment “The Giant Mole”) and extratextual networks in order to suggest linkages between it and his situation as a Jew in Germanophone Central Europe in the early twentieth century. It then situates a late (c. 1852–55), also posthumously published, poem by Heine, “From the Age of Pigtails,” that he labeled a “fable” over and against the Jews’ acquisition and subsequent partial loss of civil rights in the first quarter of the nineteenth century as well as in relation to the tragic fate of Ludwig Marcus that accompanied the rise and fall of the Verein für Cultur und Wissenschaft der Juden. Bridging these two analyses is a discussion of the swarm of “Rat-” phonemes and morphemes that plagued Freud’s “Rat Man” case study and notes.

scholarly journals ENSAIO: 1929: Reexistência em Barcelona

Revista Prumo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
André Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Bodily Experience ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mies Van Der Rohe ◽  
The City

This present article is a case study that seeks to understand the multiplicity of the concept of Reexistence through the Barcelona Pavillion, by Mies van der Rohe. Through an analysis of the context in which the work was thought, of its structure and its design, it seeks to make clear the unique legacy the work has in the twentieth century and it is capable to give new meanings to the idea of Reexistence. In this sense, this notion is both applicable to the bodily experience of the individual in the city, as a work of art, and to notion had about Germany in the international artistic community in a delicate moment for the country, as a symbol of philosophical and constructive thought. Keywords: Barcelona Pavillion, Mies van der Rohe, Reexistence

Thai Buddhist Meditation Practice Tradition and a Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Somboon Watana, Ph.D.
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Meditation Practice ◽  
Master Teachers ◽  
Buddhist Meditation ◽  
Good Deed ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University ◽  
The Buddha

Thai Buddhist meditation practice tradition has its long history since the Sukhothai Kingdom about 18th B.E., until the present day at 26th B.E. in the Kingdom of Thailand. In history there were many well-known Buddhist meditation master teachers, i.e., SomdejPhraBhudhajaraya (To Bhramarangsi), Phraajarn Mun Puritatto, Luang Phor Sodh Chantasalo, PhramahaChodok Yanasitthi, and Buddhadasabhikkhu, etc. Buddhist meditation practice is generally regarded by Thai Buddhists to be a higher state of doing a good deed than doing a good deed by offering things to Buddhist monks even to the Buddha. Thai Buddhists believe that practicing Buddhist meditation can help them to have mindfulness, peacefulness in their own lives and to finally obtain Nibbana that is the ultimate goal of Buddhism. The present article aims to briefly review history, and movement of Thai Buddhist Meditation Practice Tradition and to take a case study of students’ Buddhist meditation practice research at the university level as an example of the movement of Buddhist meditation practice tradition in Thailand in the present.

A Machine for Feeling: Ping's Posthuman Affect

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Alys Moody
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Affective Quality ◽  
Contemporary Perspective ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Natural Emotion ◽  
Archival Quality ◽  
Historical Moment

Beckett's famous claim that his writing seeks to ‘work on the nerves of the audience, not the intellect’ points to the centrality of affect in his work. But while his writing's affective quality is widely acknowledged by readers of his work, its refusal of intellect has made it difficult to take fully into account in scholarly work on Beckett. Taking Beckett's 1967 short prose text Ping as a case study, this essay is an attempt to take the affective qualities of Beckett's writing seriously and to consider the implications of his affectively dense writing for his texts’ relationship to history. I argue that Ping's affect emerges from the rhythms of its prose, producing a highly ‘speakable’ text in which affect precedes interpretation. In Ping, however, this affective rhythmic patterning is portrayed as mechanical, the product of the machinic ‘ping’ that punctuates the text and the text's own mechanical rhythms, demanding the active involvement of the reader. The essay concludes by arguing that Ping's mechanised affect is a specifically historical feeling. Arising from a specifically twentieth-century anxiety about technology's tendency to evacuate ‘natural’ emotion in favour of inhuman affect, it participates in a tradition of affectively resonant but curiously blank or indifferent performances of cyborg embodiment. Read in this historical light, Ping's implication of the reader in the production of its mechanised affect grants it, from our contemporary perspective, an archival quality. At the same time, it asks us to broaden the way in which we understand the Beckettian text's relationship to history, pointing to the existence of a more complex and recursive relationship between literature, its historical moment, and our contemporary moment of reading. Such a post-archival historicism sees texts as generated by but not bound to their historical moments of composition, and understands the moment of reception as an integral, if shifting, part of the text's history.

Theological Principles in the Qur'an: Sūrat al-Baqara as a Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-139
Author(s):  
Hasan Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence

In this study we propose the establishment of theological rules (qawāʿid iʿtiqādiyya) similar to the jurisitic rules (qawāʿid fiqhiyya) which have for centuries been very important to Islamic jurisprudence, and which play a vital role in jurisprudence and uṣūl al-fiqh. The present article takes the second sura of the Qur'an, Sūrat al-Baqara, as a case study, identifying three fundamental principles in this sura: (i) man is honoured (al-insān mukarram), (ii) the Resurrection is a reality (al-baʿth ḥaqq) (iii) belief in all prophets is obligatory (al-īmān bi-kāfat al-anbiyāʾ wājib). These three rules are emphasised and reiterated in many parts of the sura, to a greater extent than any other principle. This study calls for other scholars to consider this proposition and develop it further.

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