scholarly journals Determination of Soil Endangerment by Wind Erosion with Consideration of Legislative Changes in Acceptable Soil Loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Streďanský ◽  
Lenka Lackóoá ◽  
Anna Streďanská ◽  
Viktor Varga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Erosion Equation ◽  
Erosion Intensity

AbstractValue tightening of acceptable soil loss by wind erosion in amendment to the Act No. 220/2004 on Protection and Use of Agricultural Land in the Slovak Republic from 1st of April 2013 is necessary to reconsider wind erosion intensity in agricultural territories. The paper presents results of wind erosion intensity calculation by using Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) that is recommended by Act No. 220/2004. As observed we choose cadastral area Moèenok territory and had determined and compared changes in levels of soil endangerment of arable land by wind and spatial delamination of wind erosion in specific territory of Moèenok. According to WEQ calculation, we determined that soil loss from 3778.85 ha arable land is 1220.52 ha, which is highly endangerment by wind erosion. By defining levels of soil erosion endangerment (LSEE), we found out that area in 3rd class of endangerment rose from 1.48% to 43.37% after changing acceptable soil from 40 to 15 t ha-1 year-1. Results enable us to specify priority areas where to implement erosion control measures in according to sustainable use and protection of arable land in model area.

Targeted erosion control measures: The backbone of soil-conserving cultivation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Ringler ◽  
Sarah Höfler ◽  
Felix Reebs ◽  
Clemens Gumpinger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Erosion Modelling ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Factor C

<p>The intensification of agriculture over the last 50 years together with a constant change in climatic conditions has resulted not least in a deterioration of the aquatic habitat due to sediment input and siltation in the upper reaches of Bavarian streams. Concerned about this development, the  Fisheries Association Bavaria has launched a project to investigate the main causes of erosion on agricultural land.</p><p>By comparing aerial photographs from the 1960s with current orthophotos, by means of a detailed GIS-analysis, the size of agricultural plots in five representative catchment areas was first investigated. In a further step, erosion modelling based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was implemented in two catchment areas.</p><p>The intersection of the digitalized land uses from the two time steps showed that despite an almost constant proportion of arable land in the catchment area, the length of the fields had been increased by a third on average and their extent had at least doubled, due to wide-ranging changes in the landscape structure.</p><p>By considering the soil loss in the 1960s, that under today's conditions, and by modelling scenarios with conserving farming technics and further-reaching retention measures, conclusions can be drawn as to which measures will be necessary in the future to enable effective soil and water protection.</p><p>The erosion modelling showed that the average long-term soil loss - as a result of the USLE - currently exceeds a value of 40 t/ha*a under conventional farming in vast areas of the arable land. Likewise, even with conservation tillage (no-till), isolated erosion spots of more than 20 t/ha*a occur. Since a simple change to soil-conserving cultivation (reduction of the cultivation factor C) will not be sufficient to prevent future erosion events (increased precipitation erosivity R) and constant soil loss, targeted measures (improvement of the erosion protection factor P) against soil erosion must be implemented. This includes nature-based retention measures as wetlands, buffer strips or green waterways. All of which will also help to tackle the upcoming impacts of the Climate crisis. The chosen model supports the localization of the source of erosion as well as the selection and implementation of targeted measures.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Volumetric and Deflametric Method with Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) to Determine Soil Erosion by Wind Events on Selected Soil Unit / Porovnanie Volumetrickej s Deflametrickej Metódy s Rovnicou Veternej Erózie Pre Určenie Pôdnej Erózie Spôsobenej Účinkami Vetra na Vybraných Pôdnych Jednotkách

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Viktor Varga ◽  
Lenka Lackoóvá ◽  
Jozef Streďanský ◽  
Tomáš Urban
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Wind Barrier ◽  
Wind Events ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Erosion Equation

Abstract Despite the fact that wind erosion seriously affects the sustainable use of land in large part of the world and even though in Slovakia there is not that big percentage of agricultural land influence by wind erosion it still has an effect on the soil. Valid wind erosion model that predicts wind-blown mass transport on regional scale is lacking. The objective of this research was to compare two empiric methods to determine wind erosion. One of them is deflametric method, in which we capture soil units in one hour during wind erosion events. Second method we used was volumetric method where we calculate amount of eroded soil behind the wind barrier. With deflametric method we determined that actual wind speed needed to lift and carry soil unites is 9 - 10 m.s-1. With volumetric calculation we found out that our measurement is 1.7 times higher than in WEQ model. We can say that models can portray certain areas and soil types, but only field measurement can provide precise amount of eroded soil on particular land.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Spatial Wind Erosion Patterns of Erosion Risk Mapping and Quantitative Modeling in Eastern Austria

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Simon Scheper ◽  
Thomas Weninger ◽  
Barbara Kitzler ◽  
Lenka Lackóová ◽  
Wim Cornelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Weather Factor ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Erosion Equation

Various large-scale risk maps show that the eastern part of Austria, in particular the Pannonian Basin, is one of the regions in Europe most vulnerable to wind erosion. However, comprehensive assessments of the severity and the extent of wind erosion risk are still lacking for this region. This study aimed to prove the results of large-scale maps by developing high-resolution maps of wind erosion risk for the target area. For this, we applied a qualitative soil erosion assessment (DIN 19706) with lower data requirements and a more data-demanding revised wind erosion equation (RWEQ) within a GIS application to evaluate the process of assessing wind erosion risk. Both models defined similar risk areas, although the assignment of severity classes differed. Most agricultural fields in the study area were classified as not at risk to wind erosion (DIN 19706), whereas the mean annual soil loss rate modeled by RWEQ was 3.7 t ha−1 yr−1. August was the month with the highest modeled soil loss (average of 0.49 t ha−1 month−1), due to a low percentage of vegetation cover and a relatively high weather factor combining wind speed and soil moisture effects. Based on the results, DIN 19706 is suitable for a general classification of wind erosion-prone areas, while RWEQ can derive additional information such as seasonal distribution and soil loss rates besides the spatial extents of wind erosion.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Agricultural Land Market Transactions in Selected Regions of Slovakia in the Years 2007–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Štefan Buday ◽  
Oľga Roháčiková ◽  
Ľubica Rumanovská
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Environmental Practice ◽  
Total Acreage ◽  
Total Sales

Abstract Despite the fact that the agricultural land market in Slovakia has developed in recent years, the overwhelming part of agricultural land in Slovakia is utilized in the form of rent. Only a small part is managed by the landowners themselves. It is therefore necessary to create mechanisms that would make it easier for both beginners and experienced farmers to acquire land as a basic factor of production. It is also important to create conditions enabling agricultural land to continue to serve its purposes and be acquired by persons who are competent for the management of the land and will manage it in compliance with the criteria of good agricultural and environmental practice. Research and analysis of factors affecting the land market and the rental market with agricultural land will also play an important role in these directions. During the evaluated period 2007–2016, we analyzed 244,374 land plots of agricultural land in twelve districts of the Slovak Republic (hereinafter referred also as SR). In the twelve districts of Slovakia, from 2007 to 2016, the average market price agricultural land without a distinction of size categories showed a fluctuating trend. Higher values of the average market price of agricultural land were recorded in the first years of the reviewed period. The highest value of the average market price was recorded in 2008 and amounted to 2.76 €.m−2. During the monitored period, from 2007 to 2011, the average market price had always values exceeding 1 €.m−2. In the reviewed twelve districts of Slovakia during the monitored period, the sold area of agricultural land represented acreage of 100,574 ha. From this acreage, the largest share (58.41%) scored arable land followed by permanent grassland with a share of 40.92%. Orchards marked the 0.43% share of the total acreage and the smallest share (only 0.23%) of the total sales was represented by vineyards.

scholarly journals A DETERMINATION OF AREA OF POTENTIAL EROSION BY GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Šurda ◽  
Ivan Šimonides ◽  
Jaroslav Antal
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Area Of Interest

Accelerated water erosion is the major problem of agricultural soils all over the world and also in the Slovak Republic. Accelerated erosion occurs in 55 % of agricultural land. It belongs to physical degradation of fertile land, and the whole process is irreversible. Therefore, it is very important to localize the presence of accelerated erosion and apply the basic principles of soil erosion control. Geographic information systems (GIS) are an effective tool for various environmental analyses, so it can also be succesfully used for determination of potential erosion intensity. The aim of this work was to create a map of domain areas that describes potential water erosion. As an area of interest the cadastral territory of Topolcianky in the Slovak Republic was selected. For this purpose the GIS software Arcview from ESRI was used. Water erosion process was modelled by universal soil loss equation (USLE) which computes an average annual soil loss. The limit values of acceptable intensity of soil loss are defined in the Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic (Act No 220/2004 Coll). The final result of this work is a map that divides the domain area according to potential annual soil loss into several categories. In this case the domain area was divided into four categories. The first category, named slightly threatened soil, had 620,05 ha of agricultural land (77,48 per cent of the total agricultural land of domain area). The second category, called averagely threatened soil, had 106,56 (13,32 per cent of the total agricultural land). The third category (intensively threatened soil) had 70,91 ha (8,86 per cent of the total agricultural land) and finally the fourth category (very intensively threatened soil) had 2,74 ha (0,34 per cent of the total agricultural land).

scholarly journals Determination of wind erosion intensity on heavy clay soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Jana Kozlovsky Dufková ◽  
Vladan Jareš ◽  
Petr Húsek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Deep Soils ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Erosion Intensity

Wind erosion, common problem of light-textured soils, was determined on heavy clay soils in the foothills of Bílé Karpaty Mountains, Czech Republic. Soil erodibility by wind was determined from the Map of potential erodibility of soil by wind and from the calculation of potential and real soil loss by wind. All the determinations show underestimation of soil erodibility by wind on heavy clay soils, because methods that are used for this are based above all on the assessment of clay particles content and the presumption the more clay particles soil contains, the less vulnerable to wind erosion is. The potential erodibility of soil by wind is 0,09 t . ha−1 per year. The determined value does not exceed the tolerable soil loss limit 10 t . ha−1 per year for deep soils. The real average erodibility of soil by wind has the highest value 1,47 g . m−2 on November 30th, 2008. Other soil losses that do not exceed the tolerable soil loss limit 1,4 g . m−2, were determined on March 18th and 28th, 2008. Big difficulties come with the assessment of the erodibility of heavy clay soils in the areas, where soil erosion ve­ri­fia­bly exists, but it is not assessable by objective calculating methods. Evident necessity of new know­ledge concerning the determination of wind erosion intensity follows from the results.

Integrated methods and a complex solution for flood protection and erosion control – A case study of the village of Vrbovce, Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Výleta ◽  
Viera Rattayová ◽  
Kamila Hlavčová ◽  
Michaela Danáčová ◽  
Andrej Škrinár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The Village

<p>The aim of the study was an integrated application of methods for the identification and complex assessment of ecosystem responses to abiotic stress factors as extreme runoff, muddy floods and soil erosion processes.  The protection of land with flysch geological structures with regard to and the problems caused by extreme runoff are a very important task in water management. The unsuitable management of land and irresponsible land use causes the formation of flash floods on watersheds and results in accelerated soil erosion. The decreasing soil quality and excessive sedimentation of eroded material in the water structures, which are components of flood protection structures, are a consequence of accelerated soil erosion. Research on and the design of measures were realized on five small watersheds in the cadastral area of the village of Vrbovce, which is situated in western Slovakia, on the edge of the flysch zone of the White Carpathians. Flash floods regularly recur in the village of Vrbovce, and extreme runoff causes the formation of rill erosion on the arable land. The soil erosion was modelled by the Universal Soil Loss Equation and the topographic factor was calculated by the Usle2D program. The results of the calculations show that 96.19 % of the agricultural land is endangered by accelerated soil erosion, with the values of the average annual soil loss greater than the limit for the tolerance of soil erosion. We calculated the direct runoff for five selected watersheds of the Teplica river tributaries with the CN-SCS method. The flooded areas in the village were modelled by the 2D hydrodynamic model MIKE21. A set of measures, i.e., polders, an infiltration trench and agrotechnical measures on the arable land, was designed outside the built-up areas of the village of Vrbovce for the reduction of the extreme runoff and accelerated soil erosion. Measures for the Teplica river revitalisation in the village were proposed. From the estimation of effectiveness of the measures proposed follows that we were able to reduce the amount of the soil erosion to values permissible for the norm by the proposed measures.</p><p>Key words: soil erosion, flash floods, flood protection, erosion control and river revitalisation practices</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of soil erosion factors in the river-basin of water tank Šance: confrontation of results of methodologies observing soil erosion

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Marie Palíková ◽  
Aleš Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Erosion Processes

Soil erosion is still an issue in forestry and in human water-resources activities connected with landscape management and the protection of surface waters. The methods recently assessing the water erosion include: monitoring of suspended sediments in water, monitoring of dynamics of soil pro­per­ties, assessing the inclination of soil towards soil erosion, monitoring of effectiveness of erosion control measures, erosion processes modeling etc. (Buzek, 1981; Buzek, 1983; Holý, 1994; Jařabáč, Belský, 2008).The river basin of the water tank Šance is very important as a source of potable water and this importance is advanced, when water tank is clogged up by suspended sediments.Erosion was assessed by two methods in ArcMap 9.3 working with original data: the first method is Universal equation calculating an average annual soil loss from surface (USLE) (Wischmeier, Smith, cit. in Janeček, 2002); the second method assesses the potential erosion (MPE), using specific soil properties as factors, evaluating the rate of the intensity of erosion (Kučera, Palíková; 2009).Each method uses different ways for the description of the erodibility: USLE describes a long-term average annual soil loss as a consequence of surface erosion. It gives exact values of sediments in t . ha−1 . year−1, but from the other point of view, this method is primarily created for an agricultural land. Compared with USLE, MPE solves potential erosion and gives relative values of the erosion tendency of an environment. PME could give a new point of view on the assessing of the erosion.The river basin Ostravice above water tank Šance was used to compare these two methods. As a control measure, dates of the assessment of the water sediments regime (Buzek, 2001) were used. This observation was pursued in waters of the gagin station ČHMÚ Ostrava in Staré Hamry in according Stehlík (1969). This 25-year process of measuring shows the value of 2.47 t . ha−1 . year−1 in water tank upper Ostravice (with surface 72.96 km2). USLE shows much lower values of suspended sediments (0.41 t . ha−1 . year−1 using a continuous longitude of slopes or 0.11 t . ha−1 . year−1, with regards to the interruption of slopes by the forest roads). This difference is caused by the construction of USLE, which doesn’t respect increased values of sediments after the crossing of fords by the forestry mechanization, rill erosion or inputs of sediments from watercourse and near ravines. Therefore, the high values of suspended sediments are mainly caused by forest management (Buzek, 2001).

scholarly journals Comparison of potential and real erodibility of soil by wind

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Dufková
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Southern Moravia ◽  
Potential Soil Loss ◽  
Erosion Intensity

Areas the most susceptible to wind erosion were chosen for the comparison of potential and real erodibility of soil by wind. All the areas are located in the Southern Moravia, the south-east of the Czech Republic. Ambulatory measurements of parameters required for wind erodibility determination were done during 2006 in three districts that are heavily endangered by wind erosion (districts of Breclav, Znojmo and Uherske Hradiste). Potential and real erodibility by wind was determined from wind velocity, soil humidity, content of clay and non-erodible soil particles. Potential soil loss does not go over the limit of the tolerable amount of soil loss 10 t.ha – 1.year – 1 at any studied area, even though all the three areas belong to the ones strongly susceptible to wind erosion. On the other hand, the tolerable soil loss for real erodibility 1.4 g.m – 2 was exceeded at two regions. Non-objectivity in the erodibility evaluation of heavy clay soils follows out of the results, as so as evident necessity of new knowledge concerning the determination of wind erosion intensity, because to date used equations come out of presumption that the more clay particles soil contains, the less susceptible to wind erosion is, which is inaccurate.

Global assessment of wind erosion based on a spatially distributed RWEQ model

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332110306
Author(s):  
Guocheng Yang ◽  
Ranhao Sun ◽  
Yongcai Jing ◽  
Muqi Xiong ◽  
Jialei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Erosion Area

Wind erosion is a global environmental problem and affects the sustainable use of land soil. The current efforts in wind erosion modeling mainly focus on local scales, yet very few studies have attempted to quantify the soil losses by wind on a large scale. Here, we proposed a distributed version of the revised wind erosion equation model (DRWEQ) to assess the spatial and temporal variations of wind erosion globally. The DRWEQ model used meteorological, soil, topographic, and remote sensing data to simulate global wind erosion from 2001 to 2010. The results showed that (a) the areas of wind erosion in Africa and Asia accounted for approximately 62% of the global wind erosion area but accounted for 91% of the global total soil loss; (b) global wind erosion showed a decreasing tendency during the research period – the wind erosion with a trend of intensification occupied 40.62% of the global wind erosion area while about 59.38% of the global wind erosion area showed a weakening trend; and (c) the monthly dynamics of the wind erosion were closely correlated with the combined effects of weather factors and vegetation coverage. The soil loss rates were lower in summer and reached the peak from January to April. The method presented in this study was developed based on the tradeoff of accuracy and availability of global data, and has the potential for predicting wind erosion from regional to global scales.

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