Advances in Cereal Crops Breeding

Cereals are the main food and feed crops on our planet, with wheat, rice, and maize occupying three-quarters of the total acreage [...]

CURRENT STATE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Мақалада Қазақстанның шағын және орта кәсіпкерліктің (ШОК), соның ішінде ауыл шаруашылығы саласындағы ШОК-тің негізгі көрсеткіштері қарастырылып, талданды. Әлемнің экономикасы дамыған елдерінің ауыл шаруашылығы өнімдерінің негізгі түрлерін: мал және өсімдік шаруашылығының өнімділігін Қазақстанның көрсеткіштерімен салыстыра отырып, талдау жасалынды. Ірі қара мал шаруашылығын Бразилия, Индия, АҚШ, Қытай, Аргентина, Мексика, Австралия мемлекеттері, шошқа шаруашылығынан Қытай, АҚШ, Бразилия, Испания, Германия, Ресей мемлекеттері, қой мен ешкі шаруашылығынан Қытай, Индия, Австралия, Ұлыбритания, Бразилия, Ресей мемлекеттерінде озық дамығандығы анықталды. Сонымен қатар, дәнді және дәнді-бұршақты дақылдардың ішінде бидайдың өнімділігінен Қытай мен Ресей көш бастап тұр, ал картопты Қытай мен Индия, қант қызылшасын Франция, Ресей және АҚШ жақсы өсіретіндігі, бидай өсіруден Қазақстан көрсеткіштері Италия, Ұлыбритания, Польша, Испания, Бразилия елдерінен жоғары екендігі анықталды. ЕЭО елдерінің жалпы егіс алқабы мен негізгі ауыл шаруашылық дақылдарының өнімділігі мен жалпы жиыны, ЕЭО белсенді мүшелерінің ауыл, орман және балық шаруашылығындағы салықтық кірістері мен бюджет шығындары қарастырылды. ҚР ауыл шаруашылығына бөлінген қаражат көлемі Ресейден 4,7 есе аз, ал қалған ЕЭО мүше елдерге қарағанда едәуір жоғары бөлінетіндігі анықталды. Ауыл шаруашылығынан түсетін салықтық түсімдер Ресейден 28,8 есе аз, Беларусиядан 18,7 млн.АҚШ долларына аз кірістелінген. The article considers and analyzes the main indicators of Kazakhstan in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises( SMEs), including agriculture. The analysis of the productivity of main agricultural products (crops and livestock) economically developed countries in comparison with Kazakhstan. The leading development of cattle in Brazil, India, USA, China, Argentina, Mexico, Australia, pig breeding in China, USA, Brazil, Spain, Germany, Russia, sheep and goat breeding in China, India, Australia, Great Britain, Brazil, Russia was revealed. In addition, among cereals and legumes, China and Russia are the leaders in wheat yield, and potatoes are best grown in China and India, sugar beet-in France, Russia and the United States, Kazakhstan's indicators for wheat cultivation are higher than in Italy, Great Britain, Poland, Spain, and Brazil. The total acreage and yield of the main agricultural crops of the EAEU countries, tax revenues and budget expenditures of active members of the EAEU in agriculture, forestry and fisheries are considered. It is established that the amount of funds allocated for agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan is 4.7 times less than in Russia, and in other EAEU member states it is allocated much higher. Tax revenues from agriculture are 28.8 times less than in Russia, by $ 18.7 million.The US yield is lower than that of Belarus.

Recovering Forecast Distributions of Crop Composition: Method and Application to Kentucky Agriculture

This paper proposes a novel application of the multinomial logit (MNL) model using Cropland Data Layer and field-level boundaries to estimate crop transition probabilities, which are used to generate forecast distributions of total acreage for five major crops produced in the state of Kentucky. These forecasts distributions have a wide range of applications that, besides providing interim acreage estimates ahead of the June Acreage Survey, can inform the ability of producers to incorporate new crops in the land-use rotation, investments in location-specific capital and input distribution as well informing the likelihood of adverse water quality events from nutrient run-off.

2003 Survey of the Florida Caladium Tuber Production Industry

A survey of the Florida caladium growers and industry was conducted from June to August 2003. Objectives of the survey were 1) to gather basic demographic information about the Florida caladium tuber production industry, 2) to understand the industry's needs for new varieties, research and informational resources, and 3) to determine caladium cultivars that are currently grown commercially and to identify the leading cultivars. Similar surveys were conducted in 1979 and 1997. Survey forms were mailed to 20 business operations, of which 14 are currently growing caladiums for tuber production. A total of 13 growers returned their surveys. The responses represented at least 95% of the total acreage currently in caladium tuber production. This document is ENH1007, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date August 2005. ENH1007/EP258: 2003 Survey of the Florida Caladium Tuber Production Industry (ufl.edu)

Analysis of the Agricultural Land Market Transactions in Selected Regions of Slovakia in the Years 2007–2016

Despite the fact that the agricultural land market in Slovakia has developed in recent years, the overwhelming part of agricultural land in Slovakia is utilized in the form of rent. Only a small part is managed by the landowners themselves. It is therefore necessary to create mechanisms that would make it easier for both beginners and experienced farmers to acquire land as a basic factor of production. It is also important to create conditions enabling agricultural land to continue to serve its purposes and be acquired by persons who are competent for the management of the land and will manage it in compliance with the criteria of good agricultural and environmental practice. Research and analysis of factors affecting the land market and the rental market with agricultural land will also play an important role in these directions. During the evaluated period 2007–2016, we analyzed 244,374 land plots of agricultural land in twelve districts of the Slovak Republic (hereinafter referred also as SR). In the twelve districts of Slovakia, from 2007 to 2016, the average market price agricultural land without a distinction of size categories showed a fluctuating trend. Higher values of the average market price of agricultural land were recorded in the first years of the reviewed period. The highest value of the average market price was recorded in 2008 and amounted to 2.76 €.m−2. During the monitored period, from 2007 to 2011, the average market price had always values exceeding 1 €.m−2. In the reviewed twelve districts of Slovakia during the monitored period, the sold area of agricultural land represented acreage of 100,574 ha. From this acreage, the largest share (58.41%) scored arable land followed by permanent grassland with a share of 40.92%. Orchards marked the 0.43% share of the total acreage and the smallest share (only 0.23%) of the total sales was represented by vineyards.

Analysis of Power Equipment Level on the Example of Farm Tractors in Selected Farms of Przeworsk Province

Decisions concerning investments in farm tractors is a significant problem of modern agricultural production. Ensuring efficient performance of agrotechnical treatments and a rational level of use of tractors in the aspect of exploitation costs are a derivative of the power equipment level in a farm. The paper presents studies carried out in 31 selected farms, which run production on the total acreage of 937 ha of agricultural land (AL) and exploit 70 tractors. Analysis covered information on: area of farms, number and power of used tractors, investments in technical equipment concerning purchase of farm tractors and a production profile. In the investigated farms at the average per 100 ha of the agricultural land area there was 7.47 tractors, 90% of respondents actively used subsidies available from the EU structural funds. A high energy equipment level was determined in particular in farm with a smaller acreage. Over 87% of farm used more than one tractor and the age of the third each did not exceed six years.

An economic analysis of silkworm cocoon production: A case study in Kolar district of Karnataka

The present study is an attempt to assess the silkworm cocoon production and its profitability in five taluks of Kolar district of Karnataka through structured survey during 2012-13. The sample comprised of 120 families consisting of 440 members with an average of 4.40. The number of adult male and female members constituted 46.14 and 33.41 per cent respectively and the rest were children. The number of illiterates in the sample was to the tune of 33 per cent. Out of total acreage wetland constituted 27.36 per cent while garden land formed 14.53 per cent. The total cost incurred for rearing of 8,000 DFLs per year was worked out to be Rs. 7,30,224. Among the total cost, maximum cost was incurred towards the mulberry leaves Rs. 4,55,000 (62.30%). The minimum cost of expenditure was incurred towards transportation and marketing Rs 5000 (0.68 %) and other costs were to the tune of Rs. 500 (0.06%). The total net earnings from 10 batches per year was estimated to be Rs. 19, 04,000 per 8,000 DFLs per year with a benefit cost ratio of 1.59. The total investment on building and equipments for rearing of 8000 DFLs per year was worked out to be Rs. 46,874. Among the depreciation cost incurred towards the equipments for rearing of 800 DFLs, the highest was contributed by mountages Rs. 25,600 during the silkworm cocoon production activities.

Changes of the varietal structure of vineyards in the Czech Republic

The paper describes changes in the structure of varieties grown in the Czech Republic. The authors examine the development taking place in this domain within the last 14 years (i.e. from 1997 to 2010). The paper analyses the reasons of these changes and tries to describe the future development expected after 2010. The article also examines the cost and profitability of growing grapes and wine prices. The current production potential of the Czech Republic is 19 633.45 hectares of vineyards. As compared with 1960, the total acreage of vineyards increased nearly three times and the number of the most frequent varieties has also increased. As far as the percentages of Müller Thurgau, Green Veltliner, Italian Riesling and Sankt Laurent varieties is concerned, it is anticipated that their acreages will further decrease, whereas those of Rhein Riesling, Sauvignon, Lemberger and Zweigeltrebe are expected to grow. The results from the survey of consumer behaviour in the wine market in the CR point to the connection between the structure of the vineyards and consumer demand. Lemberger, Cabernet Sauvignon, Müller Thurgau, Grüner Veltliner, Pinot Blanc, Saint Laurent, Blue Portugal, Chardonnay, Riesling and Bohemia Sekt have been the most popular varieties of the market research.  

Adaptation of the Czech viniculture to the conditions of the European Union

In the Czech Republic, the sector of viniculture tried to use the period before the entry into the European Union (1^stMay 2005) for the maximum development of resources needed for its both quantitative and qualitative advancement. The legislation concerning this sector was changed and harmonised with the legislation of the EU. The total acreage of vineyards was expanded and another 7 thousand hectares were planted. The size of business units changed as well. For the time being, the production potential of this industry is 19.3 thousand ha of vineyards, more than 18 thousand wine growers were registered and there are nearly 600 producers of wine. In this sector, there are approximately 20 thousand jobs and the consumption of wine is gradually increasing and equals 16.5 litres per capita per year. As far as the prices of grapes are concerned, it was found out that they were relatively stable in the period under study and that the price of blue varietals is higher than that of white ones. The Czech wine import is constantly higher than the export, both in volume and financial value.

Exploitational indicators, Diesel fuel consumption and work quality during disc tiller skimming

During the shallow soil tillage after winter wheat harvest the tractor JOHN DEERE 8200 with disc tiller DOWLANDS 4500 operation was monitored. For dependence of the set field speed within plots acreage the function of type y = 0.43 Ln x + 10.76 was chosen. Average Diesel fuel consumption at first skimming on plots of total acreage 611.4 ha was 7.98 l/ha, for evaluation of Diesel fuel consumption dependence on particular plots acreage was chosen a logarithmic model of function y = –0.81 Ln x + 10.35. For the engine Diesel fuel consumption dependence on average length of working drives through the plots the logarithmic model of function y = –1.83 Ln x + 18.95 was chosen. After first skimming by disc tiller on the soil surface has remained 31.1 wt % of winter wheat post-harvest remainders, in depth of 0–50 mm was found-out of 31.0% of post-harvest remainders, 37.9 wt % of crop remainders was found-out in depth of 50–100 mm. After the second skimming by the blade tiller most of the post-harvest remainders was worked-in to the depth of 50–100 mm (54.3 wt %). After the following pre-seeding soil preparation by combinatory was recorded dislocation of most of crop remainders to depth of 0–50 mm (58.4 wt %).