A Fundamental Equivalence between Randomized Experiments and Observational Studies
Keyword(s):
AbstractA fundamental probabilistic equivalence between randomized experiments and observational studies is presented. Given a detailed scenario, the reader is asked to consider which of two possible study designs provides more information regarding the expected difference in an outcome due to a time-fixed treatment. A general solution is described, and a particular worked example is also provided. A mathematical proof is given in the appendix. The demonstrated equivalence helps to clarify common ground between randomized experiments and observational studies, and to provide a foundation for considering both the design and interpretation of studies.
2018 ◽
Vol 33
(12)
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pp. 1965-1973
2006 ◽
Vol 163
(suppl_11)
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pp. S229-S229
2019 ◽
Vol 44
(8)
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pp. 905-913
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2009 ◽
Vol 63
(5)
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pp. 691-697
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