Determinants of birth-intervals in Algeria: a semi-Markov model analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Chellai
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Abstract Objectives Analyzing the dynamics and patterns of birth intervals in the Algerian population is an important issue in developing an effective population policy. In this study, we attempted to estimate the effects of socioeconomic and demographic factors on the birth spacing process. Methods Semi-Markov models were used, based on data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), where the birth histories of 13,453 infants nested within a sample of 6,958 married women were analyzed. Results The findings stated that the birth intervals depend on: (i) mothers’ educational level, whereas wider intervals have been found for highly educated women, (ii) the wealth index, as women from poor families have short birth intervals, and (iii) there was no clear difference between rural and urban areas. Conclusions Policymakers can act through these axes to develop more efficient strategies for family planning.

Training of Trainers for Community Primary Health Care Workers

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Cernada
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Learner Participation ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Training Of Trainers

Training community-based health care workers in “developing” countries is essential to improving the quality of life in both rural and urban areas. Two major obstacles to such training are the tremendous social distance gap between these community workers and their more highly-educated and upper-class trainers (often medical officers) and the didactic, formal educational system. Bridging this gap demands a participant-centered, field-oriented approach which actively involves the trainee in the design, implementation and evaluation of the training program. A description of a philosophic learning approach based on self-initiated change, educational objectives related to planning, organizing, conducting and evaluating training, and specific learning methodologies utilizing participatory learning, non-formal educational techniques, field experience, continuing feedback and learner participation are reviewed. Included are: role playing, story telling, case studies, self-learning and simulation exercises, visuals, and Portapak videotape.

scholarly journals Demand for Meat in the Rural and Urban Areas of Kenya: A Focus on the Indigenous Chicken

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. Bett ◽  
M. P. Musyoka ◽  
K. J. Peters ◽  
W. Bokelmann
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

This study intends to estimate the demand for indigenous chicken meat in Kenya, including other available meat products for comparison purposes. Data used was collected from six counties. A total 930 rural and urban households were sampled. Linear Approximated Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model was used to obtain the demand elasticities and to examine the socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing the meat budget shares. The results ascertain that the socio-demographic factors such as household location, the proportion of household members and the family size are important factors in explaining perceived variations in the consumption of meat products. Indigenous chicken meat, beef and mutton, were identified as necessities. Indigenous chicken meat and beef were identified as substitutes while indigenous chicken, goat and exotic chicken meats were complements. In view of the high expenditure elasticities, therefore, considering a policy option that would enhance consumer income is desirable, since it will result in high consumption thereby providing more incentives for production of meat products. The information generated would be more beneficial to the interest groups in the livestock sector as a whole. This would be utilised in the formulation of effective policies in line with food security and poverty alleviation.

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

Literacy and Education: Fifth Release From the 1961 Census of Pakistan (Review Article)

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
Jamila Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Age And Sex

This review of the Literacy and Education Bklletin1 of the 1961 Census is fourth in the series of review articles published in this journal2. The Bulletin under review forms a part of the interim report on the characteristics of the population of Pakistan. It gives information on the number of illiterate and literate persons by age and sex for rural and urban areas on division and district basis; illiterate and literate.population in selected cities and towns; and the educational levels attained by the literate population by age and sex for divisions and districts. Relevant statistical notes and statements precede the tables in the Bulletin. The objective of this review is to describe the meaningfulness and significance of literacy statistics. To this end, a distinction is made between formal and functional levels of literacy. Comparisons of the 1951 and 1961 census figures are undertaken to indicate the progress of literacy and education during the past decade with reference to the effect of intercensal rate of population growth on such progress. Certain questions regarding the reliability of data are raised, which emphasize the need for caution in the interpretation of literacy statistics.

MULTI - DIMENSIONAL ROLE OF A PHARMACIST IN HOSPITAL: A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Singh S ◽  
Virmani T ◽  
Virmani R ◽  
Geeta . ◽  
Gupta J
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Hospital Pharmacist ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

The objective of this study was to point out multi-dimensional role of a pharmacist with a special emphasis on the hospital pharmacist. Apharmacist is a person who is involved in designing, creating or manufacturing of a drug product, dispensing of a drug, managing and planning ofa pharmaceutical care. They are experts on the action and uses of drugs, including their chemistry, pharmacology and formulation. Theprofessional life of a hospital pharmacist might seem insignificant as compared to that of doctors, but actually they are highly trained healthprofessionals who plays important role in patient safety, patient compliance, therapeutic monitoring and even in direct patient care. With thepassage of time and advancements in health care services and pharmaceuticals, the role of a hospital pharmacist has become more diversified. Toa career, a hospital pharmacist must possess a diploma/degree in pharmacy from an accredited pharmacy college and must be registered with thestate pharmacy council of their respective region. In this study, we have assessed the behavior, communication skills, qualifications of thepharmacist, prescription handling ability and other factors to evaluate the diversified role of hospital pharmacist and their comparison withpharmacists practicing in rural and urban areas. Current surveys show that the pharmacists are not practicing as per the standard due to lack ofproper guidelines and watch over their practicing sense. The rules and guidelines prescribed by the Food and drug administration (FDA) andIndian pharmacopeia commission (IPC) were not followed by the pharmacist.

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