scholarly journals State of the art of geopolymers: A review

e-Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
Hengels Castillo ◽  
Humberto Collado ◽  
Thomas Droguett ◽  
Mario Vesely ◽  
Pamela Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Abstract Geopolymers emerge as an ecological alternative for construction materials. These consist of a mixture of aluminosilicate sources and an alkaline solution that dissolves the silicon and aluminum monomers that come from the source to generate a gel called N–A–S–H that will control the main properties of the geopolymer. The geopolymer stands out for having good resistance to compression, as well as good resistance to high temperatures and corrosive environments. They have great potential as a replacement for classical technologies such as concrete, however, require further applied research to determine their feasibility on an industrial scale.

OUTOKUMPU MODA 410S/4000

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Abstract Outokumpu Moda 410S/4000 is a 13% Cr, ferritic stainless steel that is used in applications requiring good resistance to mildly corrosive environments. It is a low carbon, non-hardening modification of Type 410 stainless steel. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1329. Producer or source: Outokumpu Oyj.

The action of water and water vapor at high temperatures and pressures on ceramic construction materials

1966 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
P. P. Budnikov ◽  
M. A. Matveev ◽  
F. Ya. Kharitonov
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Construction Materials

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Review on Experimental Investigations of Textile-Reinforced Concrete Exposed to High Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kapsalis ◽  
Tine Tysmans ◽  
Danny Van Hemelrijck ◽  
Thanasis Triantafillou
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Textile Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Good Heat Resistance

Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is a promising composite material with enormous potential in structural applications because it offers the possibility to construct slender, lightweight, and robust elements. However, despite the good heat resistance of the inorganic matrices and the well-established knowledge on the high-temperature performance of the commonly used fibrous reinforcements, their application in TRC elements with very small thicknesses makes their effectiveness against thermal loads questionable. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the thermomechanical behavior of TRC, focusing on its mechanical performance both during and after exposure to high temperatures. The available knowledge from experimental investigations where TRC has been tested in thermomechanical conditions as a standalone material is compiled, and the results are compared. This comparative study identifies the key parameters that determine the mechanical response of TRC to increased temperatures, being the surface treatment of the textiles and the combination of thermal and mechanical loads. It is concluded that the uncoated carbon fibers are the most promising solution for a fire-safe TRC application. However, the knowledge gaps are still large, mainly due to the inconsistency of the testing methods and the stochastic behavior of phenomena related to heat treatment (such as spalling).

Developments in Bulb Flats and Other Hot Rolled Special Steel Profiles for Advancing Commercial and Naval Shipbuilding in the U.S.

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
Iain Braidwood ◽  
Geoff Lofthouse
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Naval Vessel ◽  
Special Steel ◽  
Steel Shapes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hot Rolled

Special steel profiles are increasingly being used for commercial and warship construction to reduce production and life cycle costs. In particular, bulb flats (Holland profiles), manufactured by special profiles businesses, are increasingly being used for plate stiffening in warships and naval auxiliaries. Examples are the UK's Type 23 Frigates, the LPH HMS Ocean, Watson Class Sealift ships and the Dutch LPD HrMs Rotterdam, as well as, looking to the future, the UK Type 45 Destroyer. Some comparison will be made of naval vessel construction on both sides of the Atlantic, particularly looking at the advantages that bulb flats can bring to naval vessel construction. This paper will discuss the challenge of introducing new shapes, examine the state of the art in the production of special steel shapes and describe metallurgical developments that enable the delivery of shapes with required structural performance and suitability for production. Shipbuilding developments such as laser welding are being addressed with a view to the manufacture of special profiles, particularly where tolerance and chemical composition issues need to be addressed. Future lightweight vessel construction may involve a mix of aluminium, steel and composite structures. Special profiles can be developed to assist in the joining of these different construction materials.

State of the art on geopolymer concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoi G. Ralli ◽  
Stavroula J. Pantazopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
Critical Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Requirement

PurposeImportant differentiating attributes in the procedures used, the characteristic mineral composition of the binders, and the implications these have on the final long term stability and physico-mechanical performance of the concretes produced are identified and discussed, with the intent to improve transparency and clarity in the field of geopolymer concrete technologies.Design/methodology/approachThis state-of-the-art review covers the area of geopolymer concrete, a class of sustainable construction materials that use a variety of alternative powders in lieu of cement for composing concrete, most being a combination of industrial by-products and natural resources rich in specific required minerals. It explores extensively the available essential materials for geopolymer concrete and provides a deeper understanding of its underlying chemical mechanisms.FindingsThis is a state-of-the-art review introducing the essential characteristics of alternative powders used in geopolymer binders and the effectiveness these have on material performance.Practical implicationsWith the increase of need for alternative cementitious materials, identifying and understanding the critical material components and the effect they may have on the performance of the resulting mixes in fresh as well as hardened state become a critical requirement to for short- and long-term quality control (e.g. flash setting, efflorescence, etc.).Originality/valueThe topic explored is significant in the field of sustainable concrete technologies where there are several parallel but distinct material technologies being developed, such as geopolymer concrete and alkali-activated concrete. Behavioral aspects and results are not directly transferable between the two fields of cementitious materials development, and these differences are explored and detailed in the present study.

John Hugh Chesters, O.B.E. 6 October 1906 – 14 December 1994

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
G.W. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Steel Melting ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

John Hugh Chesters, fulfilling his ambitions as a schoolboy, had a lifelong involvement in the application of science to solve practical and industrially important problems. His major contributions relate mainly to the efficiency and reliability of furnaces for steel melting. These were accomplished through research on refractory materials for furnace linings and on heat flow. His work led to great improvements in the processing and use of ceramics in bulk and in the characterization of the structure and properties of these materials. As a result, the capability of appropriate refractory materials to withstand stresses, sudden thermal shock, and corrosive environments for the long periods at high temperatures that arise in iron and steelmaking processes was substantially increased.

scholarly journals Three decades of international RILEM activities to combat deleterious Alkali-Silica Reactions (ASR) in concrete.

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Børge Johannes Wigum ◽  
Jan Lindgård
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
International Union ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Performance Based Assessment

Since 1988, the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM) Technical Committees (TCs) have been seeking to establish universally applicable test methods for assessing the alkali-reactivity potential of aggregates, and from later on, for concrete mixes. TC 106 (1988 – 2001) focused on accelerated aggregate tests. The successor committee TC 191-ARP (2001 – 2006) also included work on diagnosis/appraisal & specification. TC 219-ACS (2006 – 2014) introduced work on performance testing & modelling. The major recommendations were published as a RILEM State-of-the-art Report in 2016. In 2014, TC 258-AAA was established, scheduling to finish the work on performance-based assessment in 2019. This current TC is focusing on the following Work Packages; WP1Performance based testing concepts, WP2 Relationship between results from laboratory and field and the establishment of field exposure sites, WP3 Testing of potential alkalis released from certain types of aggregates and measurement of internal concrete alkali content, and eventually; WP4 Verification of alkalis released from aggregates.

Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Hot Worked High Nb Containing TiAl Alloy on Industrial Scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 785-788
Author(s):  
Jun Pin Lin ◽  
Xiang Jun Xu ◽  
Jian Feng Gao ◽  
Yan Li Wang ◽  
Zhi Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Tial Alloy ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Initial Microstructure ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Good Workability

. A hot working and its effect on the microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-45Al-9 (Nb, W, B, Y) alloy ingot on industrial scale were investigated. The results showed that the alloy has good workability in anα+γphase region. An ingot on industrial scale was successfully extruded followed by multi-step canned forging. The initial microstructure of the alloy is fine full lamellar (FL) microstructure. After hot working a sound pancake exhibiting a fine grain duplex (DP) microstructure with grain size about 20μm was obtained. The as-forged alloy has more balanced tensile properties than the small heats with similar composition and microstructure at both room and high temperatures.

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