scholarly journals Expressing intent, imminence and ire by attributing speech/thought in Mongolian

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Brosig
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
List Type ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Echo Questions

Abstract Quoted clauses in which an intention is declared are cross-linguistically known to develop into clauses that directly ascribe an intention to their subjects, and further into clauses that express the imminence of an event. In Khalkha Mongolian, several quotative constructions based on the quotative verb ge- have come to ascribe intention and then developed further semantic extensions: (i) The pattern -x ge-, featuring a fossilized Middle Mongol future-referring participial suffix, is used in a group of constructions that cover the semantic space between future time reference, intention (initially of the current speaker), and imminence. (ii) Quotational clauses ending in a particular tense-aspect-evidentiality suffix (including -n) and subordinated by a linking converb ge-ž/ge-ed are often systematically ambiguous between quotation and their purposive, causal and concessive extensions. Noun phrases with similar properties additionally allow for (dedicational-)benefactive and (allocational-)functive uses. (iii) The pattern -n ge-, which in other Central Mongolic varieties resembles -x ge-, conveys the speaker’s disbelief and anger about an actor’s willful deeds when used in echo questions marked by -n=AA. Based on conversational corpus data, this paper tries to provide a comprehensive picture of Khalkha Mongolian constructions in which the speaker’s awareness of the subject’s speech or thoughts is reinterpreted as attributing intentions and their derived notions.

Expressing intent, imminence and ire by attributing speech/thought in Mongolian

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Brosig
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
List Type ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Echo Questions

Abstract Quoted clauses in which an intention is declared are cross-linguistically known to develop into clauses that directly ascribe an intention to their subjects, and further into clauses that express the imminence of an event. In Khalkha Mongolian, several quotative constructions based on the quotative verb ge- have come to ascribe intention and then developed further semantic extensions: (i) The pattern -x ge-, featuring a fossilized Middle Mongol future-referring participial suffix, is used in a group of constructions that cover the semantic space between future time reference, intention (initially of the current speaker), and imminence. (ii) Quotational clauses ending in a particular tense-aspect-evidentiality suffix (including -n) and subordinated by a linking converb ge-ž/ge-ed are often systematically ambiguous between quotation and their purposive, causal and concessive extensions. Noun phrases with similar properties additionally allow for (dedicational-)benefactive and (allocational-)functive uses. (iii) The pattern -n ge-, which in other Central Mongolic varieties resembles -x ge-, conveys the speaker’s disbelief and anger about an actor’s willful deeds when used in echo questions marked by -n=AA. Based on conversational corpus data, this paper tries to provide a comprehensive picture of Khalkha Mongolian constructions in which the speaker’s awareness of the subject’s speech or thoughts is reinterpreted as attributing intentions and their derived notions.

Zur Äquivalenz der minimalen lexikalisch geprägten Muster „Präposition + Substantiv“ im deutsch-slowakischen Kontrast

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-172
Author(s):  
Ďurčo Peter ◽  
Hornáček Banášová Monika ◽  
Fraštíková Simona ◽  
Tabačeková Jana
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
List Type ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Linguistic Structures

Abstract The paper focuses on the problems of the lexicon-grammar continuum using the example of the lexical-syntagmatic combinatorics of minimal phrases. The focus is on binary preposition + noun phrases with their recurrent collocation partners and syntagmatic context patterns. Together with other (con)textual elements, they form conventionalized and lexically stabilized patterns that have flowed together through recurrent use and repeated occurrence of related linguistic structures in various contexts. The phenomenon requires an inductive bottom-up analysis process. Statistically calculated syntagmatic profiles of selected German prepositions based on linguistic corpora serve as our analytic starting point. The German preposition–noun constructions are then subjected to a corpus-based examination in the contrast language Slovak with respect to their equivalence from the following aspects: –individual language specifics and cross-language regularities of the lexical stabilization of individual phrases –nature of lexical fillers in comparable patterns –equivalence of meanings and/or functions by different contextual factors.

Do grammatical relations reflect information status? Reassessing Preferred Argument Structure theory against discourse data from Tondano

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Brickell ◽  
Stefan Schnell
Keyword(s):  
Information Flow ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Austronesian Language ◽  
Grammatical Relations ◽  
Information Status ◽  
Constituent Order ◽  
Corpus Data

AbstractWe test Preferred Argument Structure theory against corpus data from Tondano, an Austronesian language with symmetrical voice. Investigating the use of full noun phrases in individual argument positions, we find no significant clustering of both S and P as opposed to A, hence no discourse ergativity. Moreover, neither pivotal nor non-pivotal grammatical relations appear to specialise in the accommodation of full noun phrases. Thus, grammatical relations do not serve as architecture for regulating information flow in discourse. Only constituent order reflects information flow, so that full noun phrases tend to occur in clause-final position. More generally, correlations of humanness and topicality predict most straightforwardly attested patterns of argument realisation.

scholarly journals Exploring the effects of phrase-final lengthening in Italian Sign Language (LIS) noun phrases

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-273
Author(s):  
Lara Mantovan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Signed Languages ◽  
Prosodic Cues ◽  
Corpus Data

Phrase-final lengthening is a quite common prosodic phenomenon, previously accounted for in several spoken and signed languages. This study aims at investigating the prosodic cues produced in correspondence with the final boundary of noun phrases in Italian Sign Language (LIS), analyzing corpus data from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. The quantitative analysis confirms that noun phrases in LIS are affected by phrase-final lengthening (i.e. in noun phrases including one nominal modifier, on average, postnominal modifiers are longer than prenominal ones) and reveals that the various modifier classes show different degrees of sensitivity to this phenomenon. Building on these results, the qualitative analysis explores in detail those modifier classes that show lengthening effects in the corpus: the main consequences in the phonological makeup of signs are insertion of movement repetition, prolonged path movement, final hold accompanied by head nod, and weak prop. The study also offers possible explanations for the fact that quantifiers, ordinals, and determinerlike pointing signs are less sensitive to lengthening effects in the phrase-final boundary, suggesting that particular morphosyntactic factors may come into play.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------EXPLORANDO OS EFEITOS DO ALONGAMENTO EM FINAL EM SINTAGMAS NOMINAIS DA LÍNGUA DE SINAIS ITALIANA (LIS)O alongamento final é um fenômeno prosódico comum, que já foi observado em diversas línguas orais e de sinais. Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar as pistas prosódicas produzidas em correspondência com os limites do sintagma nominal na língua de sinais italiana (LIS), analisando dados quantitativos e qualitativos oriundos de corpus. A análise quantitativa confirma que os sintagmas nominais em LIS são afetados pelo alongamento final (ex: em sintagmas nominais que incluem um modificador nominal, em média, modificadores pós-nominais são mais longos em comparação com os pré-nominais) e revela que as várias classes de modificadores exibem diferentes graus de sensitividade a este fenômeno. A partir dos resultados, a análise qualitativa explora em detalhes as classes de modificadores que demonstram os efeitos do alongamento no corpus: as principais consequências para a constituição fonológica dos sinais são a adição de uma repetição do movimento, um prolongamento da trajetória do movimento, suspensão final acompanhada por um aceno de cabeça e a sustentação fraca do sinal. O estudo traz também possíveis explicações para o fato de que os sinais quantificadores, ordinais e as apontações com função de determinante são menos sensíveis aos efeitos de alongamento nos limites fronteiriços entre os sintagmas, sugerindo que alguns fatores específicos de ordem morfossintática possam estar também em jogo.---Original em inglês.

scholarly journals Fine-Grained Cross-Modal Retrieval for Cultural Items with Focal Attention and Hierarchical Encodings

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Shurong Sheng ◽  
Katrien Laenen ◽  
Luc Van Gool ◽  
Marie-Francine Moens
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Image Fragment ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Indicator Functions ◽  
Study Techniques

In this paper, we target the tasks of fine-grained image–text alignment and cross-modal retrieval in the cultural heritage domain as follows: (1) given an image fragment of an artwork, we retrieve the noun phrases that describe it; (2) given a noun phrase artifact attribute, we retrieve the corresponding image fragment it specifies. To this end, we propose a weakly supervised alignment model where the correspondence between the input training visual and textual fragments is not known but their corresponding units that refer to the same artwork are treated as a positive pair. The model exploits the latent alignment between fragments across modalities using attention mechanisms by first projecting them into a shared common semantic space; the model is then trained by increasing the image–text similarity of the positive pair in the common space. During this process, we encode the inputs of our model with hierarchical encodings and remove irrelevant fragments with different indicator functions. We also study techniques to augment the limited training data with synthetic relevant textual fragments and transformed image fragments. The model is later fine-tuned by a limited set of small-scale image–text fragment pairs. We rank the test image fragments and noun phrases by their intermodal similarity in the learned common space. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed models outperform two state-of-the-art methods adapted to fine-grained cross-modal retrieval of cultural items for two benchmark datasets.

The positional tendencies of sentential noun phrases in universal grammar

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Synge Dryer
Keyword(s):  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
List Type ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Subordinate Clauses

This paper is concerned with sentential subjects and sentential objects, subordinate clauses which function as subject or object of their sentence. The clausethat John is tallis a sentential subject in (1) and a sentential object in (2):(1)That John is tallis obvious.(2)Bill knowsthat John is tall.This paper is concerned in particular with the clause positions in which such sentential subjects and objects, henceforth sentential noun phrases (or NP’s), tend to occur in different languages. In (1), the sentential subject is in clause-initial position. In (2), the sentential object is in clause-final position. More precisely, this paper is concerned with the differences between the position of sentential NP’s and the position of simple NP’s (i.e. nonsentential NP’s). For example, the position of the sentential subject in (1) is also the normal position for simple NP subjects. If we replace the sentential subject in (1) by the simple NPthe conclusion, we get (3):(3) The conclusion is obvious.

scholarly journals Semantics and pragmatics of the lexeme posledný [the last] in discursive contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-53
Author(s):  
Jana Sokolová
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
Corpus Data

Abstract The study attempts to interpret meanings of the Slovak lexeme posledný [the last]. The study is based on the fact that the lexeme has two kinds of semantic valence; that of a sequence element and that of a sequence. In the language picture of the world, this lexeme anticipates ideas of a wide range of collocates and syncretism of several types of sequence. Analyses are based on the invariant meaning of the lexeme “the last” (‘such an X that is not followed by any other’) and on corpus data. The data are used in order to determine how types of collocates in the constructions with ‘last’ do reflect modifications of the invariant meaning, how they are being specified referentially, and how they develop semantic and pragmatic inferences, by means of which they facilitate realization of specific semantic occurrences. Since the lexeme has an anthropological basis, it is expected that various portions and efficiency of the subjective factor will be found. The aim of the study is to present the paradigm of the meanings of the lexeme posledný which are both context-bound and characterized by oscillation between description and qualification. Being a part of noun phrases, these meanings reflect linguistics of constructions as well as syntactic and communicative functions of the lexeme. The aim of the study is also either to confirm or disprove the equal position of the lexemes posledný and ostatný.

scholarly journals Off-topic English Essay Detection Model Based on Hybrid Semantic Space for Automated English Essay Scoring System

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Guimin Huang ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Chunli Fan ◽  
Tingting Pan
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Topic Detection ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Dependency Parser

Aiming at the problem that the lack of accurate and efficient off-topic detection model for current Automated English Scoring System in China, an unsupervised off-topic essay detection model based on hybrid semantic space was proposed. Firstly, the essay and its essay prompt are respectively represented as noun phrases by using a neural-network dependency parser. Secondly, we introduce a method to construct a hybrid semantic space. Thirdly, we propose a method to represent the noun phrases of the essay and its prompt as vectors in hybrid semantic space and calculate the similarity between the essay and its prompt by using the noun phrase vectors of them. Finally, we propose a sort method to set the off-topic threshold so that the off-topic essays can be identified efficiently. The experimental results on four datasets totaling 5000 essays show that, compared to the previous off-topic essay detection models, the proposed model can detect off-topic essays with higher accuracy, and the accuracy rate over all essay data sets reaches 89.8%.

Book Reviews

Tempo ◽  
1995 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Keyword(s):  
List Type

Volume I of Messiaen's ‘Traite’, ‘Music and Color’, and organ recordings Christopher DingleRobert Craft's Stravinsky memoirs and recordings Rodney Lister

Open discussion

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 605-613
Author(s):  
P. S. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
List Type ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ring Nebulae

Conti: One of the main conclusions of the Wolf-Rayet symposium in Buenos Aires was that Wolf-Rayet stars are evolutionary products of massive objects. Some questions:–Do hot helium-rich stars, that are not Wolf-Rayet stars, exist?–What about the stability of helium rich stars of large mass? We know a helium rich star of ∼40 MO. Has the stability something to do with the wind?–Ring nebulae and bubbles : this seems to be a much more common phenomenon than we thought of some years age.–What is the origin of the subtypes? This is important to find a possible matching of scenarios to subtypes.

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