Involucral Bracts Anatomy in the Capitulum of Primitive Strains and Modern Genotypes of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (62) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
M. V. Rosetti ◽  
L. F. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Secretory Ducts

AbstractThe anatomy of involucral bracts (IB) of the capitulum was studied in two sunflower domesticated primitive genotypes (Helianthus annuus L.), Havasupai and Hopi, HA89B line and DKOP3845 hybrid. Stomata and trichomes were counted on the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. In all cases the IB showed an one-layered adaxial and abaxial epidermis, secretory ducts and parenchymatic cells with abundant chloroplast. The vascular system was similar to that of the foliage leaves; however, their bundles were smaller, with an abaxial surface with higher abundance of glandular and non-glandular trichomes and with the presence of stomatas. IB of Havasupai and Hopi showed higher number of adaxial hypodermic strata than those of HA89B and DKOP3845 (4 vs. 1) and one mesophyllum with inverted polarity with respect to a foliage leaf: the presence of a spongy parenchyma on the adaxial side was observed with a rudimentary palisade parenchyma on the abaxial side. Stomatal density of the IB was significantly higher in Hopi and Havasupai than in HA89B and DKOP3845, with values ranging from 132 to 156 vs. 73 to 110 stomata/mm2 respectively. It is concluded that from the functional point of view, sunflower breeding produced undesired changes in the IB anatomy.

scholarly journals Leaf Morphoanatomy of Diploon Cronquist (Sapotaceae Juss.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Gabriela Vila Nova de Lima ◽  
Liliane Ferreira Lima ◽  
Angélica Cândida Ferreira ◽  
Josiane Silva Araújo ◽  
Carmen Silvia Zickel
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Cell Layers

Abstract: Diploon is a monospecific genus represented by Diploon cuspidatum, an arboreal species that has morphological characteristics distinct from those of other Sapotaceae species. In this study, Diploon cuspidatum leaves were characterized morphoanatomically in order to reveal additional diagnostic characters of their external morphology of the genus. The Diploon petiole presents shape and arrangement of the vascular system flat-convex, occasionally with one or two accessory bundles, many laticifers, and many prismatic crystals. The midrib is biconvex with a U-shaped cuticle on the abaxial side, and laticifers are associated with the vascular tissues. Mesophyll is dorsiventral, palisade parenchyma has two cell layers, T- and Y-shaped malpighiaceous trichomes are on the abaxial epidermis with a small stalk cell and long arm. The venation pattern is brochidodromous. Intersecondary veins run parallel to the secondary veins, and quaternary veins branch freely. Higher order veins are not present. Morphoanatomical analysis revealed important characteristics that reveal a set of structures common to Sapotaceae, in addition to characters that are important for the recognition and identification of D. cuspidatum.

Leaf micromorphology of the Persicaria sect. Cephalophilon (Polygonaceae) and its systematic re-evaluation

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 391 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN-JUNG KONG ◽  
SUK-PYO HONG
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Leaf Micromorphology ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata

A comparative study of the leaf microstructures of 19 taxa belonging to the Persicaria sect. Cephalophilon and related four Koenigia taxa was performed by LM and SEM to evaluate their systematic significance. Both amphistomatic and hypostomatic leaves were observed in the taxa studied. The stomatal size ranged from 17.04–41.96 × 13.41–37.30 μm, and stomata on the adaxial side were larger than those on the abaxial side in general. Anomocytic stomata occurred most commonly, but more than one type of stomata was observed on the same surface. Paracytic stomata was found in both Persicaria palmata and P. criopolitana. The epidermal cells usually have straight to sinuate anticlinal cell walls (ACW), and the ACW on the abaxial side of most taxa is much more undulated than that on the adaxial side. Cuticular striation was observed in most of the studied taxa, which was restricted to only the adaxial side. Two types of crystals were observed: druse and prismatic, and seven types of trichome were recognized: five types of non-glandular trichomes (stellate with smooth surface, multiseriate with either smooth or striated surface, and uniseriate with either smooth or papillose surface), and two types of glandular trichomes (peltate and long-stalked pilate). The leaf micromorphology in this study was categorized into five types based on the stomata, epidermis, crystal and trichome, as further systematic significance of the leaf epidermal characters within the P. sect. Cephalophilon are discussed. In addition, we propose a new taxonomic combination in the P. sect. Cephalophilon.

SECRETORY STRUCTURES IN ARTEMISIA NITIDA BERTOL. (ASTERACEAE)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Corsi ◽  
Silvia Nencioni
Keyword(s):  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Secretory Ducts

Artemisia nitida Bertol. has not been studied so far from a pharmaco-biological point of view. In the present work some results of morphological and histochemical studies on the secretory structures are given. The secretory structures are of two types: glandular trichomes, and secretory ducts whose secretion is quite similar but not identical. Taking all the precautions needed for the histochemical interpretation of the results, we can assume that the glandular trichomes and secretory ducts contain an oleoresin whose main constituents are terpenoids, steroids, and sesquiterpene lactones. Their presence in A. nitida justifies both biological and economic interest in this Italian species.

scholarly journals Influência de telas fotoconversoras no desenvolvimento de girassol ornamental

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Ângela Maria Pereira Nascimento ◽  
Simone Novaes Reis ◽  
Fernanda Carlota Nery ◽  
Iara Cristina Santos Curvelo ◽  
Tainá Da Cruz Taques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
The Many ◽  
Color Shading

One of the many functions of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is related to the use of its inflorescences in the flower market, which has guaranteed space for this species in floriculture in recent years. Sunflower has been highlighted as an ornamental plant for cutting. Studies have been performed aimed at reducing the size of this species, in order to improve its commercial production, which facilitates the production in field and in protected environments. The use of color shading nets can lead to growth manipulation and to the development of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of full sun and the use of color shading nets Aluminet®, blue and red (Chromatinet®), on the development of ornamental sunflower cv. Pollenless Sunflower Sunbright. The studied variables were plant height, leaf number, diameter of the floral stem, inflorescence width and dry matter of leaves, stem and inflorescences. By the anatomical analysis of the leaves, it was possible to determine stomatal density, polar (DP) and equatorial (DE) diameters, as well as the relation DP/DE of adaxial and abaxial epidermis and leaf thickness. It is concluded that the best development of ornamental sunflower plants is observed in full sun and under Aluminet®.

scholarly journals Berbris aristata DC: Pharmacognostical Standardization and Phytochemical Studies of its Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
V Karthikeyan ◽  
BR Balakrishnan ◽  
P Senniappan ◽  
L Janarthanan ◽  
BS Venkateswarlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Acuminate Apex

Berberis aristata DC. (Fam: Berberidaceae) commonly known as Daruharidra, Indian Barberry or tree turmeric. Leaves of this plant are traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation, wound healing, skin disease, menorrhagia, diarrhea, jaundice and infection of eyes etc. Micromorphology and physicochemical analysis of the leaves of B.aristata were performed as per WHO and Pharmacopoeial methods. Leaves (4.9cm × 1.8cm) are deep green on dorsal and light green on ventral side. Leaves are in tufts of 5 to 8, phyllotaxy verticillate, simple spiny, lanceolate, toothed, leathery, sessile, acuminate apex and reticulate pinnate venation. Microscopic evaluation of leaves showed biconvex midrib and thick lamina. The epidermal layers of the midrib are thick with small, less conspicuous cells and thick cuticle. The vascular system consists of three large vascular bundles; the median one is small than the two lateral bundles; the bundles are collateral and wedge shaped.  Lamina is made of epidermal layer on the adaxial side with spindle shaped thick walled cells and papillate cuticle. The abaxial epidermis has squarish or rectangular epidermal cells with prominent spiny cuticular outgrowths. Powder microscopy showed the presence of cuticular papillae, anomocytic stomata and spiny outgrowth. Preliminary phytochemical screening of appropriate solvent extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, tannins, proteins and amino acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponin, carbohydrates and absence of glycosides and volatile and fixed oil. Microscopic analysis and other parameters were informative and provide valuable information in the identification, standardization of B.aristata leaves. Keywords: Berberis aristata, Berberidaceae, leaf, Microscopical evaluation.

Foliar Micromorphological Evaluation of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. – An Important Medicinal Climber

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
M. Manokari
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Trichome Types

Background:Due to non-availability or short supply of original medicinal plants the crude drugs from the plants are adulterated by similarly resembling plants. Micromorphological studies of leaves could help in the identification and authentication of the original medicinal plant from the crude drug materials.Objective:To investigate the qualitative and quantitative micromorphological parameters of the leaves ofCardiospermum halicacabum.Method:The foliar micromorphological parameters such as orientation, stomatal types and morphology; density, distribution of trichomes and stomata; stomatal index and trichome types, paradermal sections were obtained manually by the standard method. The leaves were excised and fixed primarily in formalin, acetic acid and ethyl alcohol solution; cleared in 70% ethanol, bleached with 5% NaOH and rinsed in distilled water. The cleared leaves were used for the study of venation pattern, vein-islets, veinlet terminations and arrangement of crystals.Results:The microscopic examinations revealed the presence of anomocytic and anisocytic types of stomata with the abaxial epidermis of leaves. The stomatal density was 72 and stomatal index reported as 33.1. Glandular trichomes were few with uniseriate stalk, capitate multiseriate and multicellular head. Non-glandular trichomes frequent which were unicellular, uniseriate and bristle in nature. The density of vein islets and veinlet termination was observed as 18 and 13 respectively.Conclusion:The foliar micromorphological (stomata, vein clearing etc.) findings could be used in the proper identification and authentication ofC. halicacabumfrom the crude plant materials which is essential in quality control measures.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Morfologi dan Anatomi, serta Kandungan Klorofil Lima Kultivar Tanaman Penyerap Polusi Udara Sansevieria trifasciata.

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
RITA MEGIA ◽  
RATNASARI . ◽  
HADISUNARSO .
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Better Than

Sansevieria trifasciata is an unique houseplant that can provide clean air to occupied room because it can absorb harmful substances from the air. This research aim to compare morphological, and anatomical characters and chlorophyll content of five cultivars of this plant. Morphological characters of all S. trifasciata cultivars observed varied in pattern, colour, and size of the leaf. Stomata can be found on both leaf surfaces; abaxial side have higher stomatal density than adaxial side. Distribution of single stomata was presented in all cultivars, while clustered stomata were also found in cv. Moonsine. Among all cultivars, stomatal density and stomatal index were found the highest in cv. Moonsine. The highest chlorophyll content, the longest leaf, widthest leaf and the thinnest leaf were found in cv. African Dawn. Potentially, S. trifasciata cv. African Dawn and S. trifasciata cv. Moonsine could absorb air pollution better than the other cultivars. 

scholarly journals Morphogenesis, volume and number of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) glandular trichomes, and their influence on alpha-acid accumulation in fresh bracts of hop cones

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siniša Srečec ◽  
Vesna Zechner-Krpan ◽  
Sanja Marag ◽  
Igor Špoljarić ◽  
Ivka Kvaternjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Five Phases

Morphogenesis, volume and number of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) glandular trichomes, and their influence on alpha-acid accumulation in fresh bracts of hop cones The ESEM investigations revealed the morphogenesis of peltate glandular trichomes, which was divided into five phases. In phase one, new peltate glandular trichomes were initiated; in phase two, they were differentiated; in phase three trichomes grew vigorously; in phase four they were determined; in the fifth and final phase they came to maturity. Volume of glandular trichome during the different phases of morphogenesis varied from 0.25 × 10-2 mm3 in phase 1, to 1.95 × 10-2 mm3 in phase 5. More glandular trichomes are placed on the base of the adaxial side of bracts (average 7 mm-2) than on the base of abaxial side (average 5.8 mm-2). In this research, positive Spearman's rank order correlations were found between the average number of glandular trichomes and content of α-acids as well as between the average volume of glandular trichomes and content of α-acids.

scholarly journals Temperature-dependent changes of membrane potentials in cells of thermonastic tepals of Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb.

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Hejnowicz ◽  
Kazimierz Trębacz ◽  
Andreas Sievers
Keyword(s):  
External Solution ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Transmembrane Potential Difference ◽  
Tissue Stresses ◽  
Isolated Tissues ◽  
In Cells

The effect of temperature upon the bioelectric potential across the plasma membrane in cells of tepals of <i>Eranthis hyemalis</i> (L.) Salisb. (Winter aconite) is described. Rapid warming of an intact tepal resulted in a transient small increase in the magnitude of transmembrane potential difference followed by a substantial long-lasting depolarization which is considered as an "anomalous" response. Upon rapid cooling the reverse response occurred: a small transient depolarization was followed by a substantial hyperpolarization (also an anomalous response). The anomalous responses were more pronounced in the epidermis on the abaxial side of the tepal than in that on the adaxial side, indicating an electrophysiological dorsiventrality of the tepals. The anomalous responses were much less apparent in cells of isolated tissues than in cells of intact tepals. This difference does not appear to result from wounding or bringing a tissue into direct contact with the external solution because in segments of tepals devoid of the abaxial epidermis only, the PD of the parenchyma behaved in a way similar to that of the intact tepals. It is suggested that the occurrence of the anomalous responses is modulated by the tissue stresses. The functional importance of the responses for thermonastic movements is discussed.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the leaf’s anatomical structure of some endemic species Umbelliferae family in Middle Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-239
Author(s):  
D. T. Khamraeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Central Bundle ◽  
Secretory Duct ◽  
Secretory Ducts

This article presents the results of comparative study of leaf structure in species Komarovia anisosperma,Sphaerosciadium denaense, Kamelinia tianschanica, Korshinskya olgae и Autumnalia innopinata of the Apiaceae Lindlfamily. For the studied species, a close relationship between the anatomical structure of the leaf and environmental conditions has been revealed. The diagnostic leaf-blade features are: for Komarovia anisosperma, single layer of the palisadeparenchyma with tightly closed or in places loosely located rather elongated cells and the presence of 3 secretory ducts onthe abaxial side (under the central and marginal lateral vascular bundles); for Sphaerosciadium denaense, marginal partswrapped to adaxial side, 2(3) secretory ducts above the main bundle at the abaxial side, one larger at the adaxial side,above and below lateral bundles they locate one by one, and a single duct at the adaxial part of the leaf top; for Kamelinia tianschanica, two and above the central bundle three-layer palisades and the presence of a single secretory duct underthe central bundle; Korshinskya olgae, two-layer palisade and the presence on the abaxial side of 3 (4) secretory ducts (1or 2 large under the central and median lateral vascular bundles); Autumnalia innopinata, isopalisade mesophyll and thepresence of a 2–3-layer aquifer parenchyma.

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