Baylisascaris procyonis roundworm infection patterns in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Missouri and Arkansas, USA

Summary Baylisascaris procyonis is a helminth parasite of raccoons Procyon lotor and represents a health concern in paratenic hosts, including humans and diverse domestic and wildlife species. In North America the helminth is expanding its geographic range. To better understand patterns of infection in the Ozark region of the USA, raccoons (n = 61) were collected in 2013-2014 from five counties in Missouri and Arkansas, USA and necropsied. We documented B. procyonis in all surveyed locations. The overall prevalence of B. procyonis was 44.3 % (95 % CI = 31.9 - 57.4) and was significantly higher in females than males. There were also significant differences in prevalence among raccoons sampled north and south of the Missouri River. Mean intensity was 9.9 (CI = 5.44 - 17.22), and parasites were highly aggregated among hosts such that approximately 20 % of hosts harbor 90 % of parasites. These levels of parasitism indicate that B. procyonis is common in the region and its impacts on paratenic hosts could be qualitatively similar to effects observed in other localities.

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Baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from North Carolina and current status of the parasite in the USA

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-012-3186-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 112 (2) ◽

pp. 693-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Sonia M. Hernandez ◽

Brianna Galbreath ◽

Dennis F. Riddle ◽

Andrew P. Moore ◽

Maria B. Palamar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Procyon Lotor ◽

Current Status ◽

Baylisascaris Procyonis ◽

The Usa

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Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in animals: current status and future directions

Animal Health Research Reviews ◽

10.1017/s1466252317000111 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 136-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jian Sun ◽

Ximin Zeng ◽

Xing-Ping Li ◽

Xiao-Ping Liao ◽

Ya-Hong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Animal Production ◽

Health Concern ◽

Current Status ◽

Peptide Antibiotic ◽

Colistin Resistance ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

The Usa ◽

Food Animals

AbstractColistin, a peptide antibiotic belonging to the polymyxin family, is one of the last effective drugs for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram-negative infections. Recent discovery of a novel mobile colistin resistance gene,mcr-1, from people and food animals has caused a significant public health concern and drawn worldwide attention. Extensive usage of colistin in food animals has been proposed as a major driving force for the emergence and transmission ofmcr-1; thus, there is a worldwide trend to limit colistin usage in animal production. However, despite lack of colistin usage in food animals in the USA,mcr-1-positiveEscherichia coliisolates were still isolated from swine. In this paper, we provided an overview of colistin usage and epidemiology ofmcr-1in food animals, and summarized the current status of mechanistic and evolutionary studies of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance. Based on published information, we further discussed several non-colistin usage risk factors that may contribute to the persistence, transmission, and emergence of colistin resistance in an animal production system. Filling the knowledge gaps identified in this review is critical for risk assessment and risk management of colistin resistance, which will facilitate proactive and effective strategies to mitigate colistin resistance in future animal production systems.

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A Preliminary Study: Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus Species from Wildlife Species Subjected to Supplementary Feeding on Various South African Farms

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10030396 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 396 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michaela Sannettha van den Honert ◽

Pieter Andries Gouws ◽

Louwrens Christiaan Hoffman

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Supplementary Feeding ◽

Health Concern ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Wildlife Species ◽

Human Contact ◽

Resistance Patterns

Studies have shown that antibiotic resistance among wild animals is becoming a public health concern, owing to increased contact and co-habitation with domestic animals that, in turn, results in increased human contact, indirectly and directly. This type of farming practice intensifies the likelihood of antibiotic resistant traits in microorganisms transferring between ecosystems which are linked via various transfer vectors, such as rivers and birds. This study aimed to determine whether the practice of wildlife supplementary feeding could have an influence on the antibiotic resistance of the bacteria harboured by the supplementary fed wildlife, and thus play a potential role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance throughout nature. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus were isolated from the faeces of various wildlife species from seven different farms across South Africa. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2018 guidelines. The E. coli (F: 57%; N = 75% susceptible) and Enterococcus (F: 67%; N = 78% susceptible) isolates from the supplementary fed (F) wildlife were in general, found to be more frequently resistant to the selection of antibiotics than from those which were not supplementary fed (N), particularly towards tetracycline (E. coli F: 56%; N: 71%/Enterococcus F: 53%; N: 89% susceptible), ampicillin (F: 82%; N = 95% susceptible) and sulphafurazole (F: 68%; N = 98% susceptible). Interestingly, high resistance towards streptomycin was observed in the bacteria from both the supplementary fed (7% susceptible) and non-supplementary fed (6% susceptible) wildlife isolates. No resistance was found towards chloramphenicol and ceftazidime.

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Cryptosporidium sp. skunk genotype in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) naturally infected with Baylisascaris procyonis from Central Germany

Parasitology International ◽

10.1016/j.parint.2020.102159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 102159

Author(s):

Zaida Rentería-Solís ◽

Elisabeth Meyer-Kayser ◽

Anna Obiegala ◽

Franziska Ackermann ◽

Nina Król ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Procyon Lotor ◽

Central Germany ◽

Baylisascaris Procyonis

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Baylisascaris procyonis un nemátodo del mapache urbano, agente zoonótico emergente por considerar como diagnóstico diferencial de larva migrans en Costa Rica. Revisión

Revista Ciencias Veterinarias ◽

10.15359/rcv.35-1.2 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Mario Baldi ◽

Martha Piche ◽

Mario Romero ◽

Sabine Elisabeth Hutter ◽

Víctor Montenegro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Procyon Lotor ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Baylisascaris Procyonis

El ascaridio Baylisascaris procyonis es un agente parasitario de importancia para la salud pública, siendo su huésped definitivo el mapache común (Procyon lotor). Un nuevo informe alerta sobre la presencia de estas lombrices en poblaciones de mapaches en la zona urbana de Costa Rica, y hace énfasis en la necesidad de conocer más sobre este parásito, su ciclo de vida y cómo prevenir su transmisión en humanos y animales domésticos. Esta comunicación es una breve revisión sobre los aspectos más importantes de este nematodo y sus efectos negativos en la salud animal y pública. Además, se hace hincapié en los mejores métodos de diagnóstico etiológico y los más apropiados para animales domésticos, así como el tratamiento y la prevención en perros. El presente artículo pretende formar conciencia en los trabajadores de la salud pública y animal sobre la necesidad de tomar el Bayliascaris procyonis dentro de su diagnóstico diferencial de larvas migrantes en Costa Rica.

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Use of the internet and self-collected samples as a sexually transmissible infection intervention in rural Illinois communities

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh10012 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wiley D. Jenkins ◽

Charlie Rabins ◽

Mathilda Barnes ◽

Patricia Agreda ◽

Charlotte Gaydos

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Initial Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

The Usa ◽

Use Of The Internet ◽

Central Illinois ◽

Sexually Transmissible Infection ◽

Transmissible Infection

Background: In the USA, reported cases of chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) continue to rise despite substantial funding for screening. National gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) rates have remained relatively stable, with clusters associated with metropolitan areas. Rural areas are no exception, as every county in Illinois reported cases of chlamydia in 2007. Morbidity associated with infection remains a public health concern, with costs of $US2.5+ billion annually. Novel screening interventions must be examined for their ability to reach those at risk who are missed by traditional methods. Methods: The website Iwantthekit.org was modified to allow residents from 25 contiguous counties in Central Illinois to request a self-collected sample kit. Returned kits were tested for chlamydia and gonorrhoea. The initial study period was 12 months. Results: During the study period, 343 kits were requested from 20 counties and 39.9% were satisfactorily returned for analysis. Positivity rates for chlamydia and gonorrhoea were 5.8% and 1.2%, respectively, for females and 1.9% and 0% for males. Males comprised 37.7% of all internet samples (compared with 23.4% for traditional screening venues) and 40.4% of all internet samples submitted by whites (compared with only 17.2% of traditional screening). Conclusions: The female positivity rate was comparable to those seen in other screening venues and the method successfully engaged at-risk males. Overall, participation was low and the costs associated with the program outweighed the averted costs associated with the few cases identified. While this methodology resulted in sample requests from a wide area, it must be utilised by more individuals to become cost-effective.

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Parasitic helminths from feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Japan

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-006-0027-8 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Y. Matoba ◽

D. Yamada ◽

M. Asano ◽

Y. Oku ◽

K. Kitaura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Procyon Lotor ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Larva Migrans ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Taenia Hydatigena ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Parasitic Helminths ◽

Baylisascaris Procyonis ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

Free Ranging

AbstractAn epidemiological survey of 1688 free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) captured on the Japanese main islands of Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu was undertaken to determine whether Baylisascaris procyonis, which provokes fatal neurological larva migrans was present; however, the worm was not detected in any of these individuals. A helminthological investigation was carried out on 229 of the captured racoons and the following worms obtained: Toxocara tanuki, Porrocaecum sp., Molineus legerae, Ancylostoma kushimaense, Aonchotheca putorii, Centrorhynchus sp., Centrorhynchus bazaleticus, C. elongatum, Plagiorhynchidae gen sp., Hemiechinosoma sp., Metagonimus takahashii, M. miyatai, Euparyphium sp., Plagiorchis muris, Brachylaima sp., and Taenia hydatigena. These were the first records of Porrocaecum sp., M. miyatai, Brachylaima sp. and T. hydatigena obtained from Japanese feral raccoons. Scanning electron microscopic and/or molecular analyses were performed for both T. tanuki and T. hydatigena as these helminths both have a zoonotic counterpart amongst their families.

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