scholarly journals Calicophoron daubneyi in sheep and cattle of Sardinia, Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sanna ◽  
A. Varcasia ◽  
S. Serra ◽  
F. Salis ◽  
R. Sanabria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
South America ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Its2 Rdna ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Calicophoron Daubneyi ◽  
Cattle Farms

Summary This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of paramphistomosis and confirm the species identity of rumen flukes from sheep and cattle of Sardinia (Italy), by molecular methods. From 2011 to 2014, 381 sheep and 59 cattle farms were selected and individual faecal samples were run on 15 sheep and 5 cattle for each farm, respectively. The prevalence at the slaughterhouse was calculated by examination of 356 sheep and 505 cattle. 13adult flukes collected from sheep and cattle and 5 belonging to the historical collection of Laboratory of Parasitology at the Department of Veterinary Medicine of Sassari, previously classified as Paramphistomum spp., were used for PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS2+ rDNA. Previously classified Paramphistomum leydeni from South America were used as controls. The EPG prevalence was 13.9 % and 55.9 % for sheep and cattle farms respectively. At slaughterhouses, paramphistomes were found in 2 % of the sheep and 10.9 % of the examined cows. Conversely to the latest reports, the sequences comparison showed that all the Sardinian rumen flukes belong to Calicophoron daubneyi.

scholarly journals The Use of Natural Sorbents to Reduce Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Faeces

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2543
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szymula ◽  
Łukasz Wlazło ◽  
Naďa Sasáková ◽  
Wioletta Wnuk ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Natural Sorbents ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Cattle Farms

Intensification of animal production leads to an increase in ammonia emissions into the environment. For this reason, various methods and strategies are sought to reduce ammonia emissions from faeces. The aim of the study was to test the possibility of using natural sorbents and sorbent mixtures to reduce ammonia emissions from cattle faeces. Faecal samples for analysis were collected from Holstein-Friesian dairy cows during the winter. The amount of ammonia emissions from cow faeces was determined every seven days, after mixing the faeces with a mixture of selected sorbents. All of the sorbents used have the potential to remove ammonia. The most effective reduction in ammonia was achieved using biochar and a mixture of bentonite with zeolite. The reduction in these groups was 42.56% and 24.56%, respectively, relative to the control group. The results indicate that these sorbents can be used to reduce ammonia emissions from cattle farms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of selective media for the isolation of Brachyspira aalborgi from human faeces

2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Josephine Brooke ◽  
Thomas V. Riley ◽  
David J. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Isolation Medium ◽  
Human Faeces ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Media ◽  
Brachyspira Aalborgi ◽  
Selection Of

The purposes of this study were to identify a solid medium that supports improved growth of the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira aalborgi, to modify this for use as a selective isolation medium and then to test the medium for its effectiveness in isolating B. aalborgi from patients’ faeces. Of the media evaluated, brain heart infusion agar (BHIA) with 10 % bovine blood (BB) was the most effective base–supplement combination for growth, with colonies attaining 1.2 mm in diameter by 21 days. Incubation in an anaerobic jar (94 % H2, 6 % CO2) permitted growth of larger colonies than incubation in an anaerobic chamber (80 % N2, 10 % H2, 10 % CO2). Growth was improved only slightly at 38.5 °C compared with 37 °C. Selection of B. aalborgi from artificially seeded faeces was achieved equally well on eight different solid media containing spectinomycin (400 μg ml−1) alone or in combinations with polymyxin B (5 μg ml−1), colistin (25 μg ml−1) and rifampicin (12.5 μg ml−1). By using BHIA 10 % BB with spectinomycin plus polymyxin B, B. aalborgi was isolated from one of five human faecal samples that were positive for B. aalborgi by PCR amplification. This is the first report of the isolation of B. aalborgi from human faeces.

scholarly journals Detection of Human Genotype “B” Giardia lamblia in Ghanaian Cattle from Frafraha in Adentan Municipality of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
G. T. Mensah ◽  
C. A. Narh ◽  
C. A. Brown ◽  
P. F. Ayeh-Kumi ◽  
I. O. Frempong
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Animal Research Institute ◽  
Human Specific

Giardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in humans, a wide range of domesticated and wild animals. There are human and animal specific, as well as zoonotic pathogenic gen­otypes. It is not clear whether livestock in close proximity to humans could be infected with human specific genotypes, and vice versa. In this study, Giardia-positive faecal samples were collected from both humans (n = 4) (from Maamobi Polyclinic in the Ayawaso Sub- Metro) and calves (n = 8) (from Animal Research Institute Farms, Adentan Municipality), in Ghana. Nested PCR amplification using Giardia-specific, Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) genes and Tri­osephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene primers for human and animal faecal samples respectively was carried out. Results showed that 100% of the calves carried the TPI-B genotype, which is a common pathogenic genotype in humans. This report is based on the unusual results obtained as Giardia duodenalis genotype B is known to occur in humans but is being observed in calves for the first time. This suggests that calves in close proximity to humans could be reservoirs and sources of human Giardia infections.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Blastocystis from wild animals in Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China-Zoonotic potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanyu Chen ◽  
Wangyu Meng ◽  
Ziyao Zhou ◽  
Lei Deng ◽  
Xiaogang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Blastocystis, a highly prevalent eukaryotic parasite, has been identified in a wide range of hosts, including humans, domestic and wild animals. Many animals are potential sources of Blastocystis infection for humans, while few information about the prevalence of Blastocystis in wild animals have being documented. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis in wild animals of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China, so as to assess the zoonotic potential of these animals. Methods A total of 300 faecal samples were collected from 27 wildlife species in three areas of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve in southwestern China. The subtype (ST) genetic characteristics and prevalence of Blastocystis were determined by PCR amplification of the barcode region (a fragment of ∼600 bp) of the SSU rRNA gene, and phylogenetic analysis were further performed to determine the genetic characteristics of Blastocystis subtypes. Results 30 of 300 faecal samples (10.0%) were Blastocystis-positive. The highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in Yinchanggou (18.3%), which was significantly higher than that in Niutoushan (7.5%), and Genda (5.5%) (P < 0.05). Specifically, the highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in primates (20.0%, 1/5), followed by rodentia 14.3% (1/7), artiodactyla 13.1% (26/198), carnivora 2.3% (2/87), galliformes 0% (0/3). Sequence analysis showed 5 subtypes (ST1, ST3, ST5, ST13, and ST14), with ST13 and ST14 as the predominant subtype (33.3%, 10/30), followed by ST1 (20.0%, 6/30). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular investigation on Blastocystis infection in wild animals in southwestern of China. ST1, ST3, and ST5 were identified in both humans and wild animals, suggesting that these wild animals may be potential reservoirs of Blastocystis for human infection.

Detection of canine parvovirus types 2b and 2c in canine faecal samples contaminating urban thoroughfares in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Izabel Carolina Vargas Pinto Gogone ◽  
Flavia Regina Oliveira de Barros ◽  
Flavia Possatti ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfieri ◽  
Elisabete Takiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Exposure Risks

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis in dogs all over the world. Because of its stability in the environment, CPV-2 can remain infective for a long time, especially if protected in organic matter. To demonstrate CPV-2’s potential as an environmental hazard for nonimmunized susceptible hosts, we investigated 50 faecal samples collected from public areas in a municipality of Paraná state, Brazil. Seven samples tested positive for CPV by a PCR assay targeting the partial VP2 gene, with three strains being confirmed as CPV-2b variant and one as CPV-2c variant by sequence analysis. These findings were supported by phylogenetic analysis, and the species identity of faecal samples source was confirmed by canine mitochondrial DNA amplification and sequencing. Our results demonstrate the presence of CPV in canine faeces contaminating urban thoroughfares and reinforce the importance of environmental control to reduce the potential exposure risks to susceptible hosts.

scholarly journals First detection and molecular characterization ofNebovirusin Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1876-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CANDIDO ◽  
A. L. F. ALENCAR ◽  
S. R. ALMEIDA-QUEIROZ ◽  
M. G. BUZINARO ◽  
F. S. MUNIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Virus Strains

SUMMARYNebovirusis a new genus of viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family recently characterized in cattle, and is associated with gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhoea, anorexia and intestinal lesions particularly in calves. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of neboviruses in Brazilian cattle and analyse phylogenetically the virus strains detected. A prevalence of 4·8% of neboviruses in faecal samples from 62 head of cattle from different Brazilian states was detected. All positive animals were aged <20 days and had diarrhoea. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the virus sequences into the Newbury1 clade. There was >96·0% nt (100% aa) sequence identity between the virus sequences in this study and >88·8% nt (>94·4% aa) identity with Newbury1/UK. Our results indicate, for the first time, the occurrence of neboviruses in Brazil as well as in South America, and the first Newbury1-like nebovirus found outside the UK.

scholarly journals Nationwide surveillance study of human astrovirus infections in an Italian paediatric population

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DE GRAZIA ◽  
V. MARTELLA ◽  
M. CHIRONNA ◽  
F. BONURA ◽  
F. TUMMOLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Human Astroviruses ◽  
Human Astrovirus ◽  
Nationwide Surveillance ◽  
Epidemiological Trends

SUMMARYThe study investigated the genetic diversity of human astroviruses (HAstVs) detected in children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in Italy in 2008–2009. A total of 1321 faecal samples were collected in Parma (northern Italy), Bari (southern Italy), and Palermo (Sicily) and screened for the presence of HAstVs. RT–PCR amplification of a portion at the 5′-end of ORF2 allowed the detection of HAstVs in 3·95% of the patients. Four different genotypes (HAstV-1, HAstV-2, HAstV-4, HAstV-5) were found to be circulating during the study period, with HAstV-1 being the predominant type. Interestingly, a novel lineage, proposed as HAstV-2d, was found to have emerged in Parma in 2009. Investigating the genetic variability of HAstVs will be important for understanding the epidemiological trends and evolution of these viruses.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance ofCampylobacterRecovered from Faeces and Carcasses of Healthy Livestock

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akosua B. Karikari ◽  
Kwasi Obiri-Danso ◽  
Enoch H. Frimpong ◽  
Karen A. Krogfelt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
Faecal Samples

Campylobacteris of major significance in food safety and human and veterinary medicine. This study highlighted resistance situation in the area of veterinary public health in Ghana. Using selective mCCDA agar, isolates were confirmed phenotypically on API CAMPY and genotypically by multiplex PCR ofIpxAgene. The susceptibility profile of species to common and relevant antibiotics was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Cattle, sheep, goat, and pig faecal samples analysed, respectively, yielded 13.2% (16/121), 18.6% (22/102), 18.5% (25/135), and 28.7% (29/101)Campylobacterspecies while 34.5% (38/110), 35.9% (42/117), 23.9% (32/134), and 36.3% (37/102) were, respectively, recovered from the carcasses. Species identified in faeces wereC. jejuni35.8% (33/92),C. jejunisubsp.doylei4.3% (4/92),C. coli47.8% (44/92), andC. lari12.0% (11/92). Species discovered in carcasses wereC. jejuni83.9% (125/149),C. jejunisubsp.doylei2.0% (3/149),C. coli6.0% (9/149), andC. lari8.1% (12/149). Resistance ranged from 92 to 97% to theβ-lactams, 7 to 69% to the quinolones, 0 to 44% to the aminoglycosides, 97 to 100% to erythromycin, 48 to 94% to tetracycline, 45 to 88% to chloramphenicol, and 42 to 86% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as 0% resistance was observed against imipenem.

scholarly journals Isolation of Clostridium difficile from food animals in Slovenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Pirs ◽  
Matjaz Ocepek ◽  
Maja Rupnik
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Bovine Isolate ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Ribotype 078 ◽  
Cattle Farms

A total of 313 faecal samples from three pig farms and two cattle farms was collected, and Clostridium difficile was isolated from 133/257 piglet samples (51.8 %) and from 1/56 calf samples (1.8 %). Toxins were tested only in calf samples and were positive in 44.6 % (25/56). The only bovine isolate belonged to toxinotype XIa (A−B−CDT+). Porcine isolates belonged to toxinotype 0 (A+B+CDT−) and toxinotype V (A+B+CDT+). Of the two ribotypes usually found in toxinotype V, the strains isolated in this study showed a greater similarity to ribotype 066 than to ribotype 078.

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