scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance ofCampylobacterRecovered from Faeces and Carcasses of Healthy Livestock

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akosua B. Karikari ◽  
Kwasi Obiri-Danso ◽  
Enoch H. Frimpong ◽  
Karen A. Krogfelt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
Faecal Samples

Campylobacteris of major significance in food safety and human and veterinary medicine. This study highlighted resistance situation in the area of veterinary public health in Ghana. Using selective mCCDA agar, isolates were confirmed phenotypically on API CAMPY and genotypically by multiplex PCR ofIpxAgene. The susceptibility profile of species to common and relevant antibiotics was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Cattle, sheep, goat, and pig faecal samples analysed, respectively, yielded 13.2% (16/121), 18.6% (22/102), 18.5% (25/135), and 28.7% (29/101)Campylobacterspecies while 34.5% (38/110), 35.9% (42/117), 23.9% (32/134), and 36.3% (37/102) were, respectively, recovered from the carcasses. Species identified in faeces wereC. jejuni35.8% (33/92),C. jejunisubsp.doylei4.3% (4/92),C. coli47.8% (44/92), andC. lari12.0% (11/92). Species discovered in carcasses wereC. jejuni83.9% (125/149),C. jejunisubsp.doylei2.0% (3/149),C. coli6.0% (9/149), andC. lari8.1% (12/149). Resistance ranged from 92 to 97% to theβ-lactams, 7 to 69% to the quinolones, 0 to 44% to the aminoglycosides, 97 to 100% to erythromycin, 48 to 94% to tetracycline, 45 to 88% to chloramphenicol, and 42 to 86% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as 0% resistance was observed against imipenem.

Prevalence, Antibiogram, and cdt Genes of Toxigenic Campylobacter jejuni in Salad Style Vegetables (Ulam) at Farms and Retail Outlets in Terengganu

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHD IKHSAN KHALID ◽  
JOHN YEW HUAT TANG ◽  
NABILA HUDA BAHARUDDIN ◽  
NASIHA SHAKINA RAHMAN ◽  
NURUL FAIZZAH RAHIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Pcr Method

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among Campylobacter jejuni in ulam at farms and retail outlets located in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 526 samples (ulam, soil, and fertilizer) were investigated for the presence of C. jejuni and the gene for cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) by using a multiplex PCR method. Antibiotic susceptibility to 10 types of antibiotics was determined using the disk diffusion method for 33 C. jejuni isolates. The average prevalence of contaminated samples from farms, wet markets, and supermarkets was 35.29, 52.66, and 69.88%, respectively. The cdt gene was not detected in 24 of the 33 C. jejuni isolates, but 9 isolates harbored cdtC. Antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni isolates was highest to penicillin G (96.97% of isolates) followed by vancomycin (87.88%), ampicillin (75.76%), erythromycin (60.61%), tetracycline (9.09%), amikacin (6.06%), and norfloxacin (3.03%); none of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin. In this study, C. jejuni was present in ulam, and some isolates were highly resistant to some antibiotics but not to quinolones. Thus, appropriate attention and measures are required to prevent C. jejuni contamination on farms and at retail outlets.

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern and mecA gene frequency in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from clinical specimens in Marand hospital and treatment centers, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Jafari-Sales ◽  
Zahra Sadeghi Deylamdeh ◽  
Afsoon Shariat
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections and as a multivalent pathogen is one of the causative agents of nosocomial and community infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in hospitals and medical centers in Marand city and also to evaluate the presence of mecA gene. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 385 samples of S. aureus were collected from different clinical samples of patients in hospitals and medical centers of Marand city. S. aureus was identified using standard biochemical methods.  Methicillin resistance was determined by disk diffusion method in the presence of oxacillin and cefoxitin. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by disk diffusion method and according to CLSI recommendation and also PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of MecA gene. Results: In the present study, out of 385 samples of S. aureus, 215 (55.84%) samples were methicillin resistant. PCR results for mecA gene showed that 110 samples had mecA gene.  The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin (100%) and erythromycin (83.63%). Most MRSA were isolated from urine and wound samples. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant species and also the increase in antibiotic resistance of MRSA to various antibiotics.  Therefore, in order to prevent increased resistance to other antibiotics, it is recommended to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Hamburger Samples in Tehran and their Antibiotic Susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Momtaz Bokharaei ◽  
Zahra Rajabi ◽  
MohammadMehdi Soltan Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Food Borne

Introduction:Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common food-borne diseases. The antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported globally. Today, strains of Staphylococcus aureus in food have become a problem in clinical infections and are considerde as a serious public health concern. Methods: A total of 100 samples were tested in the laboratory; including 75 handmade and 25 industrial hamburger samples. The Staphylococcus aureus samples were isolated and identified according to the National Iranian Standard No. 6806-3. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was performed. In this study, the antibiotics penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, vancomycin, and oxacillin were used. Results: Of 100 analyzed hamburger samples, 39 samples were infected with Staphylococcus aureus (23 industrial and 16 ­ handmade samples). All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (100%) were susceptible to gentamicin and vancomycin antibiotics. Conclusions: Due to the importance of Staphylococcus aureus, as the supergene antigen and its role in causing food poisoning, contamination of foodstuffs with Staphylococcus aureus can threaten the consumers' health.

STUDYING THE CARRIAGE OF PATHOGENIC STAPHYLOCOCCUS (S. AURES) IN THE MEDICAL STAFF OF THE SURGICAL DEPARTMENTS OF HOSPITALS, OBSTERTIC HOSPITALS AND INDICATORS OF ACQUIRED ADAPTABILITY IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Shokirbek Zakirov ◽  
◽  
Otanazar Sadullaev ◽  
Barno Samandarova ◽  
Zumrad Allaberganova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Strains

A survey was carried out on staphylococcal bacteriocarrier of medical personnel. The test material was taken from the nasal cavity and pharynx. Carriage of S.aureus in the nasal cavity was revealed in 24 examined. Investigated clinical strains of S.aureus allocated in the surgical departments of hospitals and obstetric hospitals in 2016-2018, in order to study their antibiotic resistance. The sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar. Acquisition of resistance of S.aureus to lincomycin and erythromycin was revealed.

Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Milk, Beef, and Chicken and Their Antibiotic Resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. CHINGWARU ◽  
S. F. MPUCHANE ◽  
B. A. GASHE
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Enterococcal Species ◽  
Multiple Drugs

The occurrence and antibiotic resistance of enterococci, especially Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, in milk, beef, and chicken in Gaborone, Botswana, were studied. Enterococci were isolated from these sources with the use of bile esculin agar and identified with API 20 Strep kits. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method. The antibiotics tested were vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and cephalothin. Among the 1,467 enterococci isolated from the samples, E. faecalis (46.1%) and E. faecium (29.0%) were found to be the predominant species. Other enterococcal species made up 25% of the isolates. More than 96 and 97% of the E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, respectively, were found to be resistant to ampicillin. Almost 34, 27.3, and 22.4% of the E. faecalis isolates from milk, beef, and chicken, respectively, were also resistant to cephalothin. The percentages of E. faecium isolates that were found to be resistant to cephalothin were 32.8, 16.9, and 17.3% for milk, beef, and chicken, respectively. Resistance to vancomycin was widespread. It was found that 18.8, 7.8, and 13.1% of the E. faecalis isolates from milk, beef, and chicken samples, respectively, were resistant to vancomycin. In contrast, 32.8, 24.7, and 30.7% of the E. faecium isolates from milk, beef, and chicken samples, respectively, were resistant to vancomycin. Isolates that were resistant to multiple drugs were found in relatively large numbers.

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Citrobacter freundii Isolated from the First Bethune Hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1951-1953
Author(s):  
Jian Cheng Xu ◽  
Li Qiang Wang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Citrobacter freundii is important causes of nosocomial infections.The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of Citrobacter freundii isolated from the First Bethune Hospital. Disk diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial resistance. The data were analyzed by WHONET 5 software according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The majority of 432 strains of Citrobacter freundii were collected from sputum (240, 55.6%), secretions and pus (85, 19.7%), blood (58, 13.4%). All the Citrobacter freundii isolates were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Citrobacter freundii strains were frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics. The results suggest that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Citrobacter freundii is necessary.

scholarly journals  Antibiotic resistance of enterococci, coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken meat

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Yurdakul ◽  
Z. Erginkaya ◽  
E. Ünal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

We determined the antibiotic resistance of enterococci, coagulase negative staphylococci, and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken meat samples. The antibiotic resistance of the isolated strains was estimated by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method (according to the NCCLS document M2-A9 suggestions). It was found that all strains of Enterococcus spp. were resistant to tetracycline, 75% of them were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 50% of them were resistant to erythromycin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol. Also all strains of S. aureus were resistant to tetracycline and 25% of S. aureus strains were resistant to erythromycin and chloramphenicol, whereas all strains of S. aureus were sensitive to teicoplanin and 25% of them were sensitive to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. As for the isolate of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), 68.1% of them were resistant to erythromycin, 77.2% of them were resistant to tetracycline, 59% of them were resistant to vancomycin, 9% of them were resistant to teicoplanin, and 27.2% of them were resistant to both chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. As a result, it was found that most of the strains (all of S. aureus and Enterococcus spp., also 77.2% CNS) were resistant to tetracycline.  

scholarly journals MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE OF Klebsiella pneumoniae IN CATS IN BOGOR, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliadi Ramadhan ◽  
Safika Safika ◽  
Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tetracycline Group

 This study aims to measure the level of antibiotic resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cats in Bogor. Samples were isolated and identified macroscopically, microscopically, and biochemically. Positive isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sputum and laryngeal swabs of clinic cats in Bogor had experienced Multidrug Resistance (MDR). The highest level of resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae occurred in the β-lactam group (amphicillin 76%) followed by the tetracycline group (oxytetracycline 72% and tetracycline 68%), then the quinolone group (enrofloxacin 52%), and finally the aminoglycoside group (gentamicin 44%). The results of this study are expected to be taken into consideration in the use of antibiotics for the treatment of cases related to the Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria.

Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance of Klebsiella Spp. Isolated from the First Bethune Hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1954-1956
Author(s):  
Jian Cheng Xu ◽  
Jun Han ◽  
Yan Ling Yang ◽  
Qi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Klebsiella spp.are opportunistic pathogens which frequently cause community and nosocomial infections.The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of Klebsiella spp. isolated from the First Bethune Hospital. Disk diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial resistance. The data were analyzed by WHONET 5 software according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The majority of 3149 strains of Klebsiella spp. were collected from sputum（1890, 60.0%），blood（378, 12.0%） and secretions（315, 10.0%）. The percentage of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Klebsiellaspp. was 53.8% (1694/3149). Klebsiella spp. strains were frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. was more serious than that of non-ESBL-producing isolates. The results suggest that surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella spp. is necessary.

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