Action of fungal β-glucosidase on the mono-O-methylated p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside 2nd ICC 2007, Tokyo, Japan, October 25–29, 2007

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nishimura ◽  
Mitsuro Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Methyl Derivative ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract The action of β-glucosidase on the methyl derivatives of p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside (pNP-β-Glc), which were regio-specifically substituted at O-2, O-3, O-4, and O-6 positions, was studied. Specifically, several β-glucosidases isolated from brown-rot, white-rot, soft-rot fungi, and almond were investigated. These β-glucosidases did not act on the 2, 3, and 4-O-methyl derivatives, while the 6-O-methyl one was hydrolyzed by all the enzymes to some extent. The results indicate that the methyl group at O-2, O-3, and O-4 of the glucopyranoside strongly inhibits the recognition by the β-glucopyranoside, while the enzymes do not discriminate the structure difference between pNP-β-Glc and its methyl derivative at O-6.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Decayed Wood in Magnolia obovata

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Kahoru Matsumoto ◽  
Futoshi Ishiguri ◽  
Kazuya Iizuka ◽  
Shinso Yokota ◽  
Naoto Habu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Magnolia Obovata ◽  
Weight Loss Ratio

To obtain the basic information needed to estimate the degree of decay from compressive strength measured using a Fractometer (CS), relationships between CS and the contents of chemical components were analyzed for Magnolia wood decayed by three types fungi (brown rot, white rot, and soft rot fungi) at various decay levels. Weight loss ratio was significantly, negatively correlated with CS in woods decayed by brown rot and white rot fungi. In addition, a relatively high correlation coefficient was recognized between CS and holocellulose or α-cellulose content, except for wood decayed by soft rot fungus. The results obtained showed that Fractometer can detect the decrease of CS at relatively early stage of decay.

Condensed conifer tannins as antifungal agents in liquid culture

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Kaisa Anttila ◽  
Anna Maria Pirttilä ◽  
Hely Häggman ◽  
Anni Harju ◽  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Wood Preservatives ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

Abstract In the last decades, many wood preservatives have been prohibited for their ecotoxicity. The present article is focusing on the conifer-derived condensed tannins as environment-friendly options for the substitution of artificial wood preservatives. Eight different tannin fractions were extracted from spruce cones, spruce barks, and pine cones. The parameters of tannin extraction, such as the methods of purification and concentration of active components in the extracts, have been investigated. The cone and bark extracts were tested for the growth inhibition of eight brown-rot fungi, three white-rot fungi, and four soft-rot fungi in liquid cultures. The cone tannins provided a more efficient fungal growth inhibition than bark tannins. Purification increased the antifungal properties of the extracts. The growth of brown-rot fungi was inhibited by the tannins already at low concentrations. However, the extracts were not effective against the white-rot or soft-rot fungi. More investigation is needed concerning the tannin source and the purification procedure of the extracts before tannins can be considered as an ecologically benign wood preservative.

Climate influences the effect of fungal decay type on regeneration of Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis seedlings on decaying logs

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Yu Fukasawa ◽  
Yoko Ando ◽  
Satoshi N. Suzuki ◽  
Mineaki Aizawa ◽  
Daisuke Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Picea Jezoensis ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Mountainous Regions

Hondo spruce (Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis (Mayr) Rehder)) is separately distributed among several mountainous regions in central Japan as remnant populations of the last glacial period. To identify factors that affect Hondo spruce seedling regeneration on decaying logs, we investigated the relationships between climatic conditions, log properties, including decay type by fungi, and Hondo spruce seedling density on logs using data from seven subalpine Hondo spruce forests in central Japan. The results showed that the presence of soft rot was associated with higher seedling density, and the effect of brown rot in sapwood and white rot in heartwood on the predicted number of spruce seedlings on logs switched from positive to negative with increasing temperature and precipitation. Because soft rot occurs under humid conditions, the use of forest management techniques that increase the number of logs with soft rot in sapwood (e.g., by keeping the forest floor moist) are recommended for the sustainable regeneration of Hondo spruce. However, the relationships between wood decay type and seedling regeneration can also be affected by climate condition and thus are more complex than previously thought.

scholarly journals Samanlarda Biyolojik Muamelelerle Lignoselüloz Kompleksin Sindirilebilirliğinin Artırılması

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 1704
Author(s):  
Aydan Atalar ◽  
Nurcan Çetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

The efforts to break down the lignocellulosic complex found in the cell wall of straws, besides digestible cellulose and hemicellulose by rumen fermentation, improvement of straw digestibility by the degradation of indigestible lignin fraction of complex by using of biotechnological methods is one of the focus areas of animal nutritionists in recent years. Biological method sare prefer redover other methods due to the environmental friendliness. In the biological treatment methods of lignocellulosic complex, biodiversity of bacteria, enzymes and fungi gives opportunity to select lignin degrading species. Mycobacterium, Arthrobacter and Flavobacterium genre bacteria are used to degrade lignin by bacterial treatment. Lignocellulolytic enzymes isolated from different varieties of fungi are used in enzyme treatment. There are 3 genres of fungus that are white, Brown and soft rot in fungal treatments. Brown rot fungi prefer ably attack cellulose and hemicelluloses, but not lignin. White rot fungi attack the lignin and break up lignol bonds and aromatic ring. White rot fungi break down polysaccharides with hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, and lignin with oxidative ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase and laccase. Because of the fact that the microorganisms that can break down the lignocellulosic materials are the fungi and the cost is low, the application of white rot fungi is possible. In this paper, improvement the lignocellulosic comlex digestibility of straw by biological treatment with the advantage of biodiversity is discussed.

scholarly journals The affinity constants of amphoteric electrolytes. II.—Methyl derivatives of ortho- and meta-aminobenzoic acids

1906 ◽  
Vol 78 (522) ◽  
pp. 103-139 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Action ◽  
Law Of Mass Action ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acids ◽  
Affinity Constants ◽  
Subsequent Application ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
The Law ◽  
Derivatives Of

The investigation by Winkelblech of various amphoteric electrolytes, and the subsequent application to his experimental figures of the theory of electro­lytic dissociation and the law of mass action, showed that the aminobenzoic acids exhibit their amphoteric character in a marked manner. The following paper contains the results of an investigation of the methyl derivatives of ortho- and meta-aminobenzoic acids undertaken to ascertain the effect of successive introductions of a methyl group on the strength of these substances both as acids and as bases.

scholarly journals Samanlarda Biyolojik Muamelelerle Lignoselüloz Kompleksin Sindirilebilirliğinin Artırılması

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydan Atalar ◽  
Nurcan Çetinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

The efforts to break down the lignocellulosic complex found in the cell wall of straws, besides digestible cellulose and hemicellulose by rumen fermentation, improvement of straw digestibility by the degradation of indigestible lignin fraction of complex by using of biotechnological methods is one of the focus areas of animal nutritionists in recent years. Biological method sare prefer redover other methods due to the environmental friendliness. In the biological treatment methods of lignocellulosic complex, biodiversity of bacteria, enzymes and fungi gives opportunity to select lignin degrading species. Mycobacterium, Arthrobacter and Flavobacterium genre bacteria are used to degrade lignin by bacterial treatment. Lignocellulolytic enzymes isolated from different varieties of fungi are used in enzyme treatment. There are 3 genres of fungus that are white, Brown and soft rot in fungal treatments. Brown rot fungi prefer ably attack cellulose and hemicelluloses, but not lignin. White rot fungi attack the lignin and break up lignol bonds and aromatic ring. White rot fungi break down polysaccharides with hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, and lignin with oxidative ligninolytic enzymes such as lignin peroxidase and laccase. Because of the fact that the microorganisms that can break down the lignocellulosic materials are the fungi and the cost is low, the application of white rot fungi is possible. In this paper, improvement the lignocellulosic comlex digestibility of straw by biological treatment with the advantage of biodiversity is discussed.

scholarly journals Mycolysis of wood, its products and their use. IV. Component analysis of mycologically destroyed wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
G.N. Kononov ◽  
◽  
A.N. Verevkin ◽  
Yu.V. Serdyukova ◽  
V.D. Zaitsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Derivatives Of

The article is devoted to the study of the component composition of mycologically destroyed wood. As a result of wood mycolysis under the action of wood-destroying fungi enzymes, so-called «rot» is formed with a chemical composition different from healthy wood. It is noted that the «brown rot» of wood is enriched with lignin components of wood and «white rot» with carbohydrate components of wood. The results of analyses of ligno-carbohydrate complexes of spruce wood «brown rot», birch wood «white rot» and a group study of low-molecular compounds isolated by extraction methods with various solvents are presented. It is noted that the content of lignin in the sample of «brown rot» wood is four times higher than in the sample of «white rot». It is shown that birch wood with «white rot» is significantly enriched with cellulose. The chemical nature of some groups of extractive substances has been revealed. In the extracts of mycologically destroyed wood, substances of phenolic, alcoholic and quinone nature were found. The presence of derivatives of aromatic and aliphatic carbonyl and carboxyl compounds is noted. Among the products of mycolysis, carbohydrates, flavanoids and terpenoids have been identified. Based on the analysis, an assumption is made that mycologically destroyed wood contains a wide range of phenolic and carbohydrate compounds contained both in the original wood and in the spores and hyphae of wood-destroying fungi themselves. The idea is substantiated that the study of extractive substances of mycologically destroyed wood makes it possible to predict possible directions of the prospective use of this raw material for obtaining target products. This article is the fourth in the cycle «Wood mycolysis, its products and their use», the previous ones were published in the journal «Forestry Bulletin», 2020, v. 24, no. 2, 6; v. 25, no. 1.

scholarly journals Syringic Acid Metabolism by Some White-rot, Soft-rot and Brown-rot Fungi

Microbiology ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 130 (10) ◽  
pp. 2457-2464 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-E. Eriksson ◽  
J. K. Gupta ◽  
A. Nishida ◽  
M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

Fungal degradation of bamboo samples

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Schmidt ◽  
Dong Sheng Wei ◽  
Walter Liese ◽  
Elisabeth Wollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Rate Of Decay ◽  
Severe Deterioration

Abstract The degradation of several Asian bamboo species by white-, brown-, and soft-rot fungi was investigated under laboratory conditions by means of different test methods. Severe deterioration was caused by all three fungi types. The bamboo species differed in durability. Samples from 6 months young culms decayed more than older ones. There were no significant differences between 1- and 3-year-old culms. Samples taken from the culm top were more vulnerable to decay than those from the bottom. Wet bamboo samples with soil contact were especially degraded by the white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune, whereas the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana produced the greatest mass loss in drier samples. The sealing of bamboo crosscut ends reduced the rate of decay.

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